Amenorrhea vs Dysmenorrhea Quiz

Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea is a condition where menarche (first period for a girl) does not occur on time. Typically, absence of first period by age 15 is considered abnormal, but this does vary by ethnicity and location. Causes include problems with malnutrition, genetic disorders, formation of the reproductive system and hormonal imbalances. Primary amenorrhea typically needs evaluation with a specialist to find the correct diagnosis and treatment.

Dysmenorrhea: Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for pain with menstruation. For most women this is mild and tolerable, but for some it can be severe and cause interference in living their life and doing normal activities. Primary or functional dysmenorrhea means the common menstrual cramps/pain that recur with each cycle and is not due to other diseases. This pain is from the natural cramping of the uterus as it sheds it lining, and typically gets better after the first few days. Secondary dysmenorrhea is due to some problem within the reproductive system. Functional dysmenorrhea is usually diagnosed only after other investigations (e.g. ultrasound) do not find any abnormalities responsible for the pain.

Amenorrhea Specific Symptoms

• No menstrual periods for 3+ months (in non-pregnant individuals)
• Possible hair loss or excess facial hair
• Milky nipple discharge (galactorrhea)
• Headaches or vision changes (if caused by pituitary issues)
• Vaginal dryness

Dysmenorrhea Specific Symptoms

• Cramping in lower abdomen or back
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea or loose stools
• Headaches
• Fatigue during menstruation

Amenorrhea Treatment Approaches

Treatment depends on the cause. For example, hormone imbalances may be corrected by hormone therapy, and malnourishment can be corrected with improved diet.

Dysmenorrhea Treatment Approaches

Management of symptoms depends on the severity. Many patients with mild symptoms can find relief with over the counter anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Being on hormonal contraception such as birth control pills or an intrauterine device can also help reduce the pain and bleeding related to menstruation. If the pain and bleeding do not respond to such medications, further workup is required to exclude a problem.