Functional Dysmenorrhea Quiz
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Period cramps
Painful periods
Pelvic pain
Stomachache
I have lower abdominal pain
Easily tired
Have nausea
Severe pain during period
Severe menstrual cramps affects daily activities
Pain in hips and lower back
Feeling of pressure in abdomen
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Functional Dysmenorrhea?
Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for pain with menstruation. For most women this is mild and tolerable, but for some it can be severe and cause interference in living their life and doing normal activities. Primary or functional dysmenorrhea means the common menstrual cramps/pain that recur with each cycle and is not due to other diseases. This pain is from the natural cramping of the uterus as it sheds it lining, and typically gets better after the first few days. Secondary dysmenorrhea is due to some problem within the reproductive system. Functional dysmenorrhea is usually diagnosed only after other investigations (e.g. ultrasound) do not find any abnormalities responsible for the pain.
Typical Symptoms of Functional Dysmenorrhea
- Pain in the pelvis
- Headache
- Stomach or abdominal pain
- Pain in the lower abdomen
- Stomach or abdominal pain with a sharp, stabbing sensation
- Stomach or abdominal pain triggered by bowel movements
- Premenstrual symptoms like discomfort and irritability
- Lower back pain
Diagnostic Questions for Functional Dysmenorrhea
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Are you experiencing pain in the pelvis?
- Do you have a headache?
- Do you have any stomach or abdominal pain?
- Do you have pain in your lower abdomen?
- Do you have stomach or abdominal pain with a sharp, stabbing sensation?
Treatment of Functional Dysmenorrhea
Management of symptoms depends on the severity. Many patients with mild symptoms can find relief with over the counter anti-inflammatory medications (NSAID's) such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Being on hormonal contraception such as birth control pills or an intrauterine device can also help reduce the pain and bleeding related to menstruation. If the pain and bleeding do not respond to such medications, further workup is required to exclude a problem.
Reviewed By:
Ravi P. Chokshi, MD (Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN), Critical Care)
Current Maternal Fetal Medicine Fellow with Dual board certification in Obstetrics & Gynecology and Critical Care Medicine. | 5+ years experience managing a general Ob/Gyn practice and working in the Intensive Care Unit. | Previously Physician Lead of a large single specialty practice with 8 Physicians and 10+ Advanced practitioners. | Member of the Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine Patient education committee. | Frequent Medscape Consult contributor.
Seiji Kanazawa, MD, PHD (Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN))
Dr. Kanazawa graduated from the Niigata University Faculty of Medicine and received his Ph.D. from the Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine. He is working on the front line of the General Perinatal Center, including the Tokyo Tama General Medical Center and the National Center for Research in Fertility Medicine, where he provides maternal and fetal care and undertakes clinical research. At Ubie, Dr. Kanazawa has been designing the Ubie AI Symptom Checker and has taken on the role of general obstetrics and gynecology consultation at FMC Tokyo Clinic by providing fetal ultrasound and prenatal consultation.
Content updated on May 19, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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FAQs
Q.
What do period cramps (dysmenorrhea) feel like?
A.
Period cramps, medically known as dysmenorrhea, can cause a range of sensations that vary in intensity and duration. Understanding what these cramps feel like can help individuals recognize and manage their symptoms more effectively.
References:
Mizuta, Rami, et al. "Quality of life by dysmenorrhea severity in young and adult Japanese females: A web-based cross-sectional study." _Plos one_ 18.3 (2023): e0283130.
Kho KA, Shields JK. Diagnosis and Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea. _JAMA._ 2020;323(3):268–269. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.16921
Teherán AA, Piñeros LG, Pulido F, Mejía Guatibonza MC. WaLIDD score, a new tool to diagnose dysmenorrhea and predict medical leave in university students. Int J Womens Health. 2018 Jan 17;10:35-45. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S143510. PMID: 29398923; PMCID: PMC5775738.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
ACOG Patient FAQ Dysmenorrhea
https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/dysmenorrhea-painful-periodsNIH Stat Pears - Dysmenorrhea
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560834/ACOG Patient FAQ Painful Periods
https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/painful-periods