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Red rash
Rashes
Itchy skin
Raised bumps on skin
Red bumps on skin
Redness of the skin
Red skin rash all over the body
Swelling under skin
Lips are swollen and painful
Difficulty breathing
Face is swollen
Skin rashes that are itchy
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
Chronic urticaria is a condition characterized by the presence of hives (urticaria) that persist for six weeks or longer. It can be classified into two main types: chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria (CIU). CSU occurs without an identifiable trigger and can be associated with autoimmune conditions, while CIU is triggered by specific stimuli such as pressure, temperature changes, sunlight, or exercise. Both types can cause significant discomfort and itching and can affect individuals of all ages.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
Management of chronic urticaria typically involves the use of antihistamines to reduce itching and hives. For chronic spontaneous urticaria, additional treatments may include corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, or other immunomodulatory therapies if antihistamines are ineffective. For chronic inducible urticaria, avoidance of known triggers is crucial, and treatment may focus on premedication with antihistamines before exposure to triggers. In both cases, referral to an allergist or dermatologist may be necessary for comprehensive management.
Reviewed By:
Eisaku Kamakura, MD (Pulmonology)
Dr. Kamakura graduated from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Dentistry, and the Niigata University School of Medicine. He trained at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital and held positions in the Respiratory Medicine departments at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ome City General Hospital, and Musashino Red Cross Hospital. In 2021, he became the specially appointed assistant professor at the Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine.
Kenji Taylor, MD, MSc (Family Medicine, Primary Care)
Dr. Taylor is a Japanese-African American physician who grew up and was educated in the United States but spent a considerable amount of time in Japan as a college student, working professional and now father of three. After graduating from Brown, he worked in finance first before attending medical school at Penn. He then completed a fellowship with the Centers for Disease Control before going on to specialize in Family and Community Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) where he was also a chief resident. After a faculty position at Stanford, he moved with his family to Japan where he continues to see families on a military base outside of Tokyo, teach Japanese residents and serve remotely as a medical director for Roots Community Health Center. He also enjoys editing and writing podcast summaries for Hippo Education.
Content updated on Jan 23, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1Saini SS, Kaplan AP. Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: The Devil's Itch. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018 Jul-Aug;6(4):1097-1106. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.04.013. PMID: 30033911; PMCID: PMC6061968.
https://www.jaci-inpractice.org/article/S2213-2198(18)30290-3/fulltextRadonjic-Hoesli S, Hofmeier KS, Micaletto S, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Bircher A, Simon D. Urticaria and Angioedema: an Update on Classification and Pathogenesis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018 Feb;54(1):88-101. doi: 10.1007/s12016-017-8628-1. PMID: 28748365.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12016-017-8628-1Maurer M, Fluhr JW, Khan DA. How to Approach Chronic Inducible Urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018 Jul-Aug;6(4):1119-1130. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.03.007. PMID: 30033913.
https://www.jaci-inpractice.org/article/S2213-2198(18)30265-4/fulltextAntia C, Baquerizo K, Korman A, Bernstein JA, Alikhan A. Urticaria: A comprehensive review: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and work-up. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Oct;79(4):599-614. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.01.020. PMID: 30241623.
https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(18)30139-7/fulltextSaini S, Shams M, Bernstein JA, Maurer M. Urticaria and Angioedema Across the Ages. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Jun;8(6):1866-1874. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.030. Epub 2020 Apr 13. PMID: 32298850.
https://www.jaci-inpractice.org/article/S2213-2198(20)30329-9/fulltext