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Toothache
Tooth pain
Bad breath
Sensitive teeth
Tooth cavity
Hole in tooth
Cavity in between teeth
Nerve pain in tooth
Pain in tooth
Shooting pain in tooth that comes and goes
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
Dental caries occur when the hard outer layer of your tooth, the enamel, gets destroyed, sometimes forming small holes or cavitations. Common causes include eating and drinking sugary foods, frequent snacking, dry mouth and poor oral hygiene.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
Treatment includes improved dental hygiene, dietary changes, and dental procedures such as fillings, crowns, root canals, or even tooth removal in severe cases.
Reviewed By:
Luri Lee, DMD (Dentistry)
Dr. Luri Lee graduated from Boston University with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and Biology. She then continued her education at Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine where she graduated Summa Cum Laude and was inducted into the Omicron Kappa Upsilon National Dental Honor Society. During her time in dental school, Dr. Lee was the recipient of the Spencer N. Frankl Scholarship for her strong academic performance and active participation in the school and community. Following dental school, Dr. Lee stayed at Boston University to complete a one year Advanced Education in General Dentistry residency program. In 2020 Dr. Lee was recognized among the “10 Under Ten” by the Massachusetts Dental Society for her contributions to the dental community and her volunteer work in Panama. Dr. Lee is licensed to practice in Massachusetts and is a member of the American Dental Association, Massachusetts Dental Society and Academy of General Dentistry.
Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)
Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.
Content updated on Jul 18, 2024
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Q.
Ashamed of your smile? The medical reality of cosmetic dentistry and your safe next steps.
A.
Cosmetic dentistry can be safe, effective, and confidence boosting when it is built on healthy teeth and gums, but what seems cosmetic can also signal real problems like decay or gum disease that must be treated first. There are several factors to consider, from what procedures can and cannot do to risks, red flags, durability, and the safest next steps like getting a comprehensive exam, discussing goals, and starting with conservative options. See below for the complete guidance that may affect which choices you make and when to seek urgent care.
References:
* Singh I, Nanjundaiah R, Singh N. Informed consent in cosmetic dentistry: current challenges and recommendations. J Med Ethics. 2020 Feb;46(2):107-112. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2018-105315. Epub 2019 Nov 20. PMID: 31748366.
* Alkhudhairy FI, Alshehri AM. Psychological dimensions of dental aesthetics and its influence on oral health-related quality of life: A systematic review. J Prosthodont Res. 2019 Jul;63(3):318-326. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.01.002. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID: 30799277.
* Morimoto S, Kopittke D, Abou-elkheir L, Pimentel A, Sesma N, Vieira R. Long-term outcomes of ceramic veneers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2018 Jul;74:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.017. Epub 2018 Apr 19. PMID: 29679903.
* British Dental Journal. Ethical considerations in aesthetic dentistry: a review. Br Dent J. 2015 Oct 9;219(7):315-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.789. PMID: 26449495.
* Tinawi A, Hassanpour SE, Karayiannis M, Papathomas E, Riad A, Darbar U, Kiliaridis S, Mavridis I. Patient expectations and experiences of aesthetic dental procedures: a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2014 Dec;145(12):1238-48. doi: 10.14219/jada.2014.116. PMID: 25425717.
Q.
Teeth Shifting? Why Your Retainer Fails and Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Teeth shifting despite a retainer is common and often due to ligament memory, slow bone stabilization, natural aging or jaw growth, grinding, gum disease, or a retainer that is worn inconsistently, warped, or no longer fitting well. Medically approved next steps include resuming nightly wear if it still seats fully, scheduling an orthodontic check for repair, replacement, or a short aligner touch up, and treating gum disease or cavities; seek prompt care for pain, loose teeth, swelling, or fever. There are several factors to consider, and key details that could change your plan are explained below.
References:
* Al-Muzini AA, Al-Subhi SF, Al-Qarni AM, Al-Qahtani AA. Reasons for loss of orthodontic stability after treatment and the role of retention strategies: A narrative review. Saudi Dent J. 2022 Mar;34(3):149-155. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.12.001. Epub 2021 Dec 21. PMID: 35306028; PMCID: PMC8922858.
* Pandis N, Koletsi D. Orthodontic relapse and its contributing factors: A systematic review. J Clin Orthod. 2021 Apr;55(4):213-220. PMID: 34185122.
* Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleday B, Bearn DR, Petrie A. Orthodontic retention: a review of the literature. J World Fed Orthod. 2018 Jun;7(2):43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jwfo.2018.03.001. PMID: 29804820.
* Sun S, Su H, Wang X, Han M, Huang R, Li X, Li H. Patient compliance with removable orthodontic retainers: A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2020 Jan;90(1):153-162. doi: 10.2319/040219-231.1. Epub 2019 Aug 22. PMID: 31441703.
* Rongo R, D'Antò V, Grassia V, Cioffi A, Valletta R, Martina R. Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthod Sci. 2018;7:75. doi: 10.4103/jos.jos_67_18. Epub 2018 Aug 3. PMID: 30140590; PMCID: PMC6083584.
Q.
Fussy Baby? When Babies Start Teething & Medical Relief Steps
A.
Most babies start teething around 6 months, with a normal range of 3 to 12 months, and typical signs include drooling, swollen gums, chewing, and mild fussiness while high fever or severe illness usually means something else. Safe relief steps include gentle gum pressure, a chilled teether or washcloth, and pediatrician-guided acetaminophen or ibuprofen at age-appropriate doses, while benzocaine gels, homeopathic tablets, amber necklaces, and alcohol-based remedies should be avoided. There are several factors to consider about sleep disruption, when to start brushing with fluoride, cavity prevention, and warning signs that need a doctor, so see the complete guidance below before deciding on next steps.
References:
* Massignan C, Sciannamè F, Gnoato G, Bertossi D, De Biase C, Zotti F. Teething: a review of the literature. Minerva Stomatol. 2017 Aug;66(4):183-191. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4970.17.04090-X. PMID: 28836585.
* Owais AI, Al-Battikhi MN, Ma'ani AB, Al-Bakri LI, Hammad HM. Teething and its signs, symptoms and treatment in children: A review. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018;42(6):415-420. doi: 10.17796/1053-418X-42.6.5. Epub 2018 Sep 21. PMID: 30239062.
* Llewellyn A, et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for teething in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 20;10(10):CD012423. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012423. PMID: 27763788.
* American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Infant teething and its management: a literature review. Pediatr Dent. 2016 Sep;38(5):371-375.
* Memarpour M, Niknam N, Ghafourifar R. Clinical signs and symptoms associated with primary tooth eruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Pediatr. 2015 Feb;25(1):e201. doi: 10.5812/ijp.201. PMID: 25780312; PMCID: PMC4350170.
Q.
Can’t Remove Plaque? Why Your Teeth Decay & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Plaque is a sticky bacterial film that reforms within hours and, if not removed effectively, hardens into tartar that brushing cannot remove, leading to enamel acid attacks and decay even when you brush daily, especially with poor technique, no flossing, frequent sugars, or dry mouth. Medically approved next steps include brushing with fluoride for 2 minutes twice daily, flossing every day, limiting frequent sugar exposure, and getting regular professional cleanings, with urgent care if you have severe pain, swelling, fever, or trouble swallowing; there are several factors to consider, including tartar that needs a dentist and when early damage can be reversed, so see below for complete details.
References:
* Srinivasan, M., & Marra, F. P. (2021). The Role of Dental Plaque Biofilm in the Etiology of Dental Caries: An Updated Review. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 12(4), 311–316.
* Takahashi, N., & Nyvad, B. (2016). The role of bacteria in the caries process: ecological perspectives. Journal of Dental Research, 95(5), 502–507.
* Wright, J. T., et al. (2016). Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of fluoride. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 147(11), 904–912.e5.
* Schwendicke, F., et al. (2021). Non-restorative treatments for active cavitated carious lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dental Research, 100(9), 905–914.
* Moynihan, P., & Kelly, S. A. (2014). Dietary sugars and dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dental Research, 93(8), 834–839.
Q.
Child in Pain? Why a Pediatric Dentist Near Me is Vital + Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
A pediatric dentist near you is vital when a child has tooth pain because kids have unique dental needs, and prompt care can quickly relieve pain from cavities, infection, injury, teething, or gum issues while preventing serious complications. There are several factors to consider. See below for medically approved first steps at home, when to book urgent dental care or go to the ER for red flags like swelling, fever, or trouble breathing, and what to expect at the pediatric visit.
References:
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34211603/
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34685338/
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29329774/
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30353065/
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847953/
Q.
Is it a cavity? Why your tooth hurts and the medical steps to save it.
A.
There are several factors to consider, and the details below explain what symptoms point to a cavity versus other causes and why the pain happens. Tooth pain is often a cavity if you have sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweets or pain when biting, but gum disease, cracks, grinding, sinus issues, or an abscess can look similar, and once a hole forms it will not heal on its own. Treatment depends on how deep the decay goes, from fluoride for early changes to fillings, crowns, or a root canal to save the tooth, with extraction only if necessary; seek urgent care for swelling, fever, or trouble swallowing or breathing, and see the complete guidance below because key details can change your next steps.
References:
* Park, Y. G., Lim, J. H., & Kim, C. K. (2018). Diagnosis and Management of Dental Pain. *Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine*, *18*(3), 149–160. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29963499/
* Patel, M., & Kumar, S. (2017). Dental Caries: A Review. *Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research*, *11*(3), ZE01–ZE05. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28511477/
* Ricucci, D., Siqueira, J. F., & Loghin, S. (2019). Pulpitis Management: A Review. *Journal of Endodontics*, *45*(5), 549–556. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31036224/
* Limeres, J., Tato, E., & Tomás, M. (2015). Etiology and Diagnosis of Toothache. *Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry*, *7*(4), e515–e522. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26605051/
* Nunn, J. (2021). The management of dental caries: a practical guide for general dental practitioners. *Primary Dental Journal*, *10*(2), 49–57. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34177727/
Q.
Need an Emergency Dentist? Why Your Tooth Is Throbbing and Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Throbbing tooth pain often means inflammation from cavities, an abscess, a cracked tooth, gum disease, or impacted wisdom teeth; seek an emergency dentist fast for severe or unrelenting pain, facial swelling, fever, difficulty swallowing or breathing, trauma, nonstop bleeding, or a knocked-out or loose adult tooth. While you arrange care, proven steps include warm saltwater rinses, ibuprofen or acetaminophen as directed, a cold compress, keeping your head elevated, and avoiding very hot or cold foods. There are several factors to consider and important red flags; see complete, medically reviewed details below, including when to go to emergency medical care and what treatments to expect.
References:
* Jain S, Gupta N. Diagnosis and management of acute dental pain: a narrative review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2023 Apr 1;15(4):e338-e345. doi: 10.4317/jced.60096. PMID: 37197825; PMCID: PMC10191395.
* Fagundes-Cunha R, Lacerda MF, Lima IGM, de Sousa LM, Estrela C. Clinical management of painful irreversible pulpitis: a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Oct;147(10):769-782.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.05.013. Epub 2016 Jul 20. PMID: 27448835.
* Herman WW, Modaresi S. Pharmacological management of acute odontogenic pain. Dent Clin North Am. 2018 Jul;62(3):477-493. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 May 11. PMID: 29933800.
* Al-Jumaily H, Al-Salihi R, Al-Alwan A. Dental emergencies and their management in primary care: a review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2020 Jul;24(2):294-299. doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_247_19. Epub 2020 Jun 25. PMID: 33028822; PMCID: PMC7518465.
* Kumar S, Khawaja Z, Gupta S, Kular S. Managing Common Dental Emergencies in the Primary Care Setting: A Review of the Literature. J Emerg Med. 2018 Feb;54(2):167-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.09.020. Epub 2017 Oct 17. PMID: 29054452.
Q.
Sudden Tooth Pain? Why Your Teeth Hurt & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Sudden tooth pain is most commonly from cavities, enamel wear or gum recession causing sensitivity, a cracked tooth, gum disease, a tooth abscess, sinus pressure on upper molars, or teeth grinding. Try a warm salt-water rinse, gentle brushing and flossing, over-the-counter pain relief, avoid hot, cold, sugary, or hard foods, and use a cold compress for swelling; see a dentist if pain lasts over 48 hours and seek urgent care for spreading swelling, fever, or trouble breathing or swallowing. There are several factors to consider that can change your next step; see the complete medically approved guidance below.
References:
* Marinho D, Antunes-Ferreira T, Costa AL, Leão P. Clinical Management of Acute Odontogenic Pain: A Systematic Review. J Endod. 2021 May;47(5):673-685. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.01.006. Epub 2021 Mar 9. PMID: 33716075.
* Nabil AL, Alsulaimani AM, Altoum AH. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulpitis: A Narrative Review. J Health Sci (Basel). 2023 Apr 19;13(4):303-313. doi: 10.3390/jhs1304022. PMID: 37191196; PMCID: PMC10192809.
* Sampaio-Filho HR, Santos SM, Cintra LTA, Briso ALF. Dental Caries: An Overview. J Endod. 2020 Aug;46(8S):S2-S9. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.024. Epub 2020 Jul 1. PMID: 32605786.
* Koka S, Al-Kahtani A. Cracked Tooth Syndrome: A Review of Diagnosis and Management. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jul;11(7):ZE04-ZE08. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/27533.10260. Epub 2017 Jul 1. PMID: 28890967; PMCID: PMC5582157.
* Seltzer S. Diagnosis and management of acute dental pain. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011 May;142(5):540-52. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0223. PMID: 21531853.
Q.
Toothache? Why a Pediatric Dentist is Vital + Expert Next Steps
A.
A pediatric dentist is essential when a child has a toothache, because kids’ teeth have thinner enamel and larger nerve spaces so decay spreads faster, and pain often signals cavities, infection, or injury that can escalate quickly. Act now by contacting a pediatric dentist, using child-appropriate acetaminophen or ibuprofen, gentle flossing and warm saltwater rinses, and seek urgent care for swelling, fever, or trouble swallowing or breathing. There are several key details that can affect your next steps, including emergency warning signs, what to expect at the visit, and prevention timelines; see the complete guidance below.
References:
* Piekarczyk, J. (2019). The Role of the Pediatric Dentist in Emergency Dental Treatment for Children. *Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry*, *43*(1), 1-4.
* Amin, M., & Al-Omiri, M. K. (2017). Management of acute dental pain in children. *Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry*, *35*(2), 127-130.
* Wilson, S. (2018). Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management of dental pain in children. *Pediatric Dentistry*, *40*(5), 350-357.
* Ramos-Gomez, F. J., & Crystal, Y. (2017). Management of early childhood caries: A review of the literature. *Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry*, *41*(1), 1-6.
* Fontana, M. (2020). Current concepts in the medical management of caries. *Pediatric Dentistry*, *42*(2), 101-105.
Q.
Is it a cavity? Why your tooth is decaying & medical next steps
A.
It may be a cavity if you have sensitivity, dark or white spots, pain, or a visible hole; decay happens when mouth bacteria turn sugars into acids that erode enamel, and while very early decay can be reversed with fluoride and better hygiene, true cavities need dentist care like fillings, crowns, or root canal, with severe pain, swelling, fever, or trouble swallowing requiring urgent care. There are several factors to consider. See below for how to recognize red flags, use a symptom checker, understand who is at higher risk, and choose the right next steps and prevention methods that could change your care plan.
References:
* Pitts NB, Zero DT, Marsh PD, Ekstrand C, Weintraub JA, Ramos-Gomez R, Tagami J, Lo EC, Dorsey JL, Martignon S, Ferreira Zandona A, Fontana M, Young DA, Featherstone JD. Dental caries. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 May 25;3:17030. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.30. PMID: 28540937.
* Featherstone JD. Dental caries: a dynamic disease process. Aust Dent J. 2008 Sep;53(3):286-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00064.x. PMID: 18786043.
* Schwendicke F, Splieth CH, Elettore R, Gallo L, Campus G, Chen L, Fontes R, Gugnani S, Jabbour Z, Lussi A, Meyer-Lueckel H, Rutar J, Saag M, Tassery H, Vadiakas G, Van Der Heijden GJ, Zandona AF, Zero DT, Doméjean S. How to intervene in the caries process: a narrative review for the practitioner. Br Dent J. 2023 Feb;234(3):189-198. doi: 10.1038/s41415-023-5609-3. PMID: 36765063.
* Meyer-Lueckel H, Paris S, Ekstrand KR. Caries management: science and clinical practice. Monogr Oral Sci. 2013;23:146-61. doi: 10.1159/000356162. PMID: 24281313.
* Fontana M, Zero DT. Assessing dental caries risk in an individual patient. Dent Clin North Am. 2016 Apr;60(2):333-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2015.11.002. PMID: 27046205.
Q.
Severe Toothache? Why Your Nerve is Dying & Endodontist-Approved Next Steps
A.
Severe, lingering tooth pain often means the pulp is infected or dying from deep decay, a crack, or trauma, which will not heal on its own; prompt evaluation by a dentist or an endodontist for a root canal is the recommended way to remove infection and save the tooth, since antibiotics alone cannot fix it. If you have fever, facial swelling, or trouble swallowing or breathing seek emergency care, and for key decision points like symptom clues, what to do now, and when to see a specialist, see the complete details below.
References:
* Kim Y, Kim S, Park YJ, Kim DS. Pulpitis: A Review of Pathophysiology and Management. J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 23;11(7):1748. doi: 10.3390/jcm11071748. PMID: 35407335; PMCID: PMC9000100.
* Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Pulpal and periapical pathosis: aetiology, diagnosis and management. Endod Pract Today. 2017;3(1):1-14. PMID: 28848698.
* Al-Hadlaq E, Al-Qahtani A, Al-Dahhan T, Al-Nukali A, Al-Aali R. Clinical management of irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2023 Mar-Apr;20:13. doi: 10.4103/drj.drj_21_23. PMID: 37194639; PMCID: PMC10183011.
* Estrela C, Estrela CR, Bóscolo FN, Al-Sudani D, Estrela C, Pécora JD. The diagnosis of pulpal and periapical diseases: a systematic review. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(2):161-71. doi: 10.1590/s0103-64442012000200011. PMID: 22666874.
* Tuteja A, Nagpal M. Endodontic Treatment Planning in a Multi-Disciplinary Scenario: A Review. J Indian Dent Assoc. 2021 Jan;15(1):1-5. PMID: 34557008.
Q.
Tooth Pain? Why Your Teeth Hurt & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Tooth pain has several common causes including cavities, gum disease, tooth sensitivity, cracked teeth, infections, grinding, and even sinus problems; start with warm salt-water rinses, over-the-counter pain relief, and avoiding triggers, but seek dental care if pain lasts more than 1 to 2 days, is severe, or you have swelling, fever, or trouble breathing or swallowing. There are several factors to consider. See below to understand more.
References:
* Sasaki H, Inaba M, Igarashi T, Kawai T, Nishida H, Sakata T. Pulpitis: A Review of Pathophysiology and Management. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 14;23(18):10660. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810660. PMID: 36142721; PMCID: PMC9499849.
* Dimitrouli A, Ntoukas P, Tsolakidis G, Kouidi E. Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Acute Dental Pain in Primary Care. Dent J (Basel). 2021 Jun 25;9(7):72. doi: 10.3390/dj9070072. PMID: 34206013; PMCID: PMC8307279.
* Markovic A, Milicevic E. Etiology and management of tooth sensitivity: a narrative review. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2020 Sep;7(3):218-223. doi: 10.1007/s40496-020-00277-2. PMID: 32908751; PMCID: PMC7455809.
* Chiodo GT, Chiodo JJ. Differential Diagnosis of Orofacial Pain. Dent Clin North Am. 2020 Jan;64(1):15-28. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2019.09.002. Epub 2019 Nov 1. PMID: 31753177.
* Hajishengallis G, Hajishengallis E. Periodontal pain: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2018;5(4):307-314. doi: 10.1007/s40496-018-0205-5. PMID: 30128034; PMCID: PMC6105432.
Q.
Need an Orthodontist? Why Your Teeth Are Shifting & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Teeth can shift at any age from normal aging, stopping a retainer, gum disease, grinding, tooth loss, or decay; an orthodontist can assess bite changes, new gaps or crowding, loose teeth, or a retainer that no longer fits and guide safe, medically approved options like retainers, clear aligners, braces, periodontal care first if disease is present, and night guards. There are several factors to consider; see the complete guidance below for key details that may change your next steps, including urgent red flags like swelling, severe pain, fever, or trauma, plus prevention tips and when to start with dental or periodontal treatment before moving teeth.
References:
* J Clin Orthod. 2018 Dec;52(12):731-744.
* Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015 Feb;147(2):169-178.
* J Clin Orthod. 2019 Nov;53(11):625-635.
* J Am Dent Assoc. 2015 Dec;146(12):909-17.
* J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2017 Jul-Sep;7(3):209-213.
Q.
Tooth Decay After 30: A Woman’s Guide & Essential Next Steps
A.
Tooth decay after 30 is common for women due to hormonal shifts, dry mouth from medications or stress, busy-life snacking and sipping, and aging dental work, and it often advances quietly before pain. Do not delay a dental checkup and upgrade daily care with fluoride and interdental cleaning, manage dry mouth, review medications and health conditions, adjust snacking, and know urgent red flags like fever or facial swelling; important nuances that can change your next steps, including when early decay can be halted, are explained below.
References:
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24195724/
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24726593/
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34188950/
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36692556/
* pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31765870/
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. Lancet. 2007 Jan 6;369(9555):51-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2. PMID: 17208642.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)60031-2/fulltextMathur VP, Dhillon JK. Dental Caries: A Disease Which Needs Attention. Indian J Pediatr. 2018 Mar;85(3):202-206. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2381-6. Epub 2017 Jun 23. PMID: 28643162.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12098-017-2381-6Kutsch VK. Dental caries: an updated medical model of risk assessment. J Prosthet Dent. 2014 Apr;111(4):280-5. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.07.014. Epub 2013 Dec 10. PMID: 24331852.
https://www.thejpd.org/article/S0022-3913(13)00269-2/fulltextGao X, Jiang S, Koh D, Hsu CY. Salivary biomarkers for dental caries. Periodontol 2000. 2016 Feb;70(1):128-41. doi: 10.1111/prd.12100. PMID: 26662487.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/prd.12100Balaji SM. Dental caries: Research perspective. Indian J Dent Res. 2018 Jan-Feb;29(1):3. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_61_18. PMID: 29442078.
https://www.ijdr.in/article.asp?issn=0970-9290;year=2018;volume=29;issue=1;spage=3;epage=3;aulast=Balaji