Dissociative Disorder Quiz
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Amnesia
Feeling stressed
Change in personality
Short term memory loss
Identity crisis
Forgetfulness
Sudden loss of consciousness without warning
Retrograde amnesia
Sudden change in personality and behaviour
Confusion
Memory loss
Out of body experience
Emotional numbness
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Dissociative Disorder?
Dissociative disorder is a mental disorder that involves experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions, and identity. People with dissociative disorder escape reality in ways that are involuntary and unhealthy, causing problems with functioning in everyday life.
Typical Symptoms of Dissociative Disorder
- Unable to remember what I have done
- Difficulty speaking, performing tasks, or recognizing things
- Fainting
- Personality change
- Stressed over daily life
- Unable to speak, although I understand what people are saying
- Recent changes in mental state
- Sudden change in personality
Diagnostic Questions for Dissociative Disorder
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Have others mentioned increased forgetfulness?
- Have you been experiencing difficulty speaking, performing tasks, or recognizing things?
- Have you fainted recently?
- Do you feel your personality has changed?
- Do you feel stressed or unhappy about going to work or school?
Treatment of Dissociative Disorder
Treatment for dissociative disorders may vary based on the type of disorder but generally includes psychotherapy and medication.
Reviewed By:
Weston S. Ferrer, MD (Psychiatry)
Weston Ferrer is a physician leader, psychiatrist, and clinical informaticist based in San Francisco. With nearly a decade of experience in academia and more recent immersion in industry, he has made significant contributions to the fields of digital health, health tech, and healthcare innovation. | As an Associate Professor at UCSF, Weston was involved in teaching, leadership, and clinical practice, focusing on the intersection of technology and mental health. He recently led mental health clinical for Verily (formerly Google Life Sciences), where he applied his expertise to develop innovative solutions for mental healthcare using the tools of AI/ML, digital therapeutics, clinical analytics, and more.. | Weston is known for his unique ability to innovate and support product development while bringing pragmatism to technology entrepreneurship. He is a strong advocate for patient-centered care and is committed to leveraging technology to improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities. |
Yu Shirai, MD (Psychiatry)
Dr. Shirai works at the Yotsuya Yui Clinic for mental health treatment for English and Portuguese-speaking patients. He treats a wide range of patients from neurodevelopmental disorders to dementia in children and participates in knowledge sharing through the Diversity Clinic.
Content updated on Jan 14, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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People with similar symptoms also use Ubie's symptom checker to find possible causes
- Antisocial behavior and language difficulty
- Blacking out
- Can't say what I want to say
- Feel anxiety suddenly
- Problems remembering
- Outbursts of sudden anger
- Speech is difficult and requires conscious effort
- Felt nauseous then fainted
- Can't read words like I used to
- Sudden personality change
- Sweating followed by fainting
- Can't perform tasks
- Started having reading difficulty as an adult
- Fainting followed by a headache
- Personality and behavior change
See full list
Symptoms Related to Dissociative Disorder
Diseases Related to Dissociative Disorder
FAQs
Q.
Is it Narcissism? Why the Mind Manipulates & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Narcissism exists on a spectrum from healthy confidence to Narcissistic Personality Disorder, and what looks like manipulation often serves as a defense shaped by early experiences, emotion regulation difficulties, and temperament, with overlap from conditions like depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, substance use, or dissociation. Medically approved next steps include a professional evaluation, evidence-based therapies like CBT, schema, psychodynamic, or DBT, treatment of co-occurring issues, building emotional regulation skills, urgent care if safety is at risk, and boundary-setting if you are dealing with someone else; there are several factors to consider that can change your next steps, so see the complete guidance below.
References:
* Bakhshani NM, Shapurian P, Gholami H. Maladaptive self-regulation and manipulation in narcissistic personality disorder: A clinical framework. Psychiatry Res. 2021 May;299:113840. PMID: 33744641.
* Levy KN, Pincus AL, Campbell WK, Miller JD, Lukowitsky MR. A Narrative Review of the Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorder. J Pers Disord. 2017 Dec;31(6):638-662. PMID: 28981299.
* Stern R. Gaslighting: An Underrecognized and Destructive Form of Psychological Abuse. J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2018 Dec;66(6):1111-1122. PMID: 30514120.
* Priebe M, Habel F, Schmalz M, Rösler J, Brieger P, Euler S. The relationship between personality disorder characteristics and manipulative behaviors: a study among male inmates. BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 15;22(1):198. PMID: 35290237.
* Caligor E, Levy KN, Yeomans FE. Narcissistic personality disorder: the dysfunctional interpersonal patterns, the covert vulnerable selves, and the need for a therapeutic dialogue. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;172(3):234-45. PMID: 25725700.
Q.
Losing Time? Why Your Mind Fragments & Medical Next Steps for DID
A.
Losing time, unexplained memory gaps, or finding things you don’t recall can be signs of dissociation related to trauma, including dissociative identity disorder, which is complex but treatable; there are several factors to consider. See below for more. Start with a medical evaluation to rule out other causes, request a trauma-informed assessment, consider a symptom check to organize your symptoms, and seek urgent care for suicidal thoughts or sudden neurological symptoms; see below for complete guidance and important details that could change your next steps.
References:
* Brand BL, Schielke HJ, Banyan M, Lanius RA, Frewen P, Matlock S, et al. A review of dissociative identity disorder: Epidemiology, comorbidity, neurobiology, and treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2024;181(1):11-25.
* Reinders AAS, Brand BL, Nijenhuis ERS. The neurobiology of dissociative identity disorder: a clinical-neuroscience perspective. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023;17:1189037.
* Brand BL, Sar V, Stavropoulos P, Curtois G, Nishikawa M, Myrick A, et al. An expert consensus treatment guideline for complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and dissociative identity disorder (DID). Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2023;14(1):2217154.
* Dorahy MJ, Brand BL, Sar V, Krüger C, Stavropoulos P, Myrick A, et al. Complex trauma and dissociation: An expert consensus statement. J Trauma Dissociation. 2020;21(5):548-562.
* Nijenhuis ERS, Reinders AAS, van der Hart O, Steele K, Stein PK. Dissociation in Trauma: From the Body to the Mind. J Trauma Dissociation. 2021;22(2):123-140.
Q.
Is Reality Fracturing? Why Your Brain is Misfiring and the Clinical Path to Relief
A.
Feeling like reality is slipping can be a sign of psychosis or dissociation, both medical and treatable conditions driven by brain changes, stress, trauma, sleep loss, or substance use. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more. The clinical path to relief includes prompt medical evaluation to rule out reversible causes, evidence based treatments like antipsychotic medication and CBT for psychosis, lifestyle stabilization with sleep and substance reduction, early intervention programs, and clear guidance on when to seek urgent help, with many people achieving full recovery or long term stability.
References:
* Sakai, Y., & Nakahara, T. (2020). Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: from basic mechanisms to clinical intervention. *Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria: 1996)*, *127*(12), 1639–1650. [PMID: 32676735]
* Ren, J., Liu, H., Li, H., & Fan, X. (2022). Neural mechanisms of delusion: From brain structures to networks and cognition. *Neuropsychopharmacology*, *47*(1), 168–180. [PMID: 34504285]
* Wang, Y., Xia, X., Ma, Y., & Wang, J. (2021). Neural mechanisms of altered reality processing in psychiatric disorders: A review of the literature. *Frontiers in Psychiatry*, *12*, 692019. [PMID: 34335431]
* Gold, J. M., & Barch, D. M. (2021). Cognitive control in the context of disordered perception: A review of mechanisms and interventions. *Schizophrenia Bulletin*, *47*(6), 1675–1686. [PMID: 34240176]
* Northoff, G., & Sibille, E. (2020). Brain network dysfunction in severe mental illness: A transdiagnostic perspective on mechanisms and targets for intervention. *Molecular Psychiatry*, *25*(11), 2686–2707. [PMID: 32296041]
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Spiegel D, Lewis-Fernández R, Lanius R, Vermetten E, Simeon D, Friedman M. Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:299-326. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185531. Epub 2013 Feb 1. PMID: 23394228.
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185531Sutar R, Sahu S. Pharmacotherapy for dissociative disorders: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2019 Nov;281:112529. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112529. Epub 2019 Aug 23. PMID: 31470213.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178119311874?via%3DihubDissociative disorders
https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/dissociative-disorders/