Dissociative Disorder Quiz

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Amnesia

Feeling stressed

Change in personality

Short term memory loss

Identity crisis

Forgetfulness

Sudden loss of consciousness without warning

Retrograde amnesia

Sudden change in personality and behaviour

Confusion

Memory loss

Out of body experience

Emotional numbness

Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!

What is Dissociative Disorder?

Dissociative disorder is a mental disorder that involves experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions, and identity. People with dissociative disorder escape reality in ways that are involuntary and unhealthy, causing problems with functioning in everyday life.

Typical Symptoms of Dissociative Disorder

Diagnostic Questions for Dissociative Disorder

Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:

  • Have others mentioned increased forgetfulness?
  • Have you been experiencing difficulty speaking, performing tasks, or recognizing things?
  • Have you fainted recently?
  • Do you feel your personality has changed?
  • Do you feel stressed or unhappy about going to work or school?

Treatment of Dissociative Disorder

Treatment for dissociative disorders may vary based on the type of disorder but generally includes psychotherapy and medication.

Reviewed By:

Weston S. Ferrer, MD

Weston S. Ferrer, MD (Psychiatry)

Weston Ferrer is a physician leader, psychiatrist, and clinical informaticist based in San Francisco. With nearly a decade of experience in academia and more recent immersion in industry, he has made significant contributions to the fields of digital health, health tech, and healthcare innovation. | As an Associate Professor at UCSF, Weston was involved in teaching, leadership, and clinical practice, focusing on the intersection of technology and mental health. He recently led mental health clinical for Verily (formerly Google Life Sciences), where he applied his expertise to develop innovative solutions for mental healthcare using the tools of AI/ML, digital therapeutics, clinical analytics, and more.. | Weston is known for his unique ability to innovate and support product development while bringing pragmatism to technology entrepreneurship. He is a strong advocate for patient-centered care and is committed to leveraging technology to improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities. |

Yu Shirai, MD

Yu Shirai, MD (Psychiatry)

Dr. Shirai works at the Yotsuya Yui Clinic for mental health treatment for English and Portuguese-speaking patients. He treats a wide range of patients from neurodevelopmental disorders to dementia in children and participates in knowledge sharing through the Diversity Clinic.

From our team of 50+ doctors

Content updated on Jan 14, 2025

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How Ubie Can Help You

With a free 3-min Dissociative Disorder quiz, powered by Ubie's AI and doctors, find possible causes of your symptoms.

This questionnaire is customized to your situation and symptoms, including the following personal information:

  • Biological Sex - helps us provide relevant suggestions for male vs. female conditions.

  • Age - adjusts our guidance based on any age-related health factors.

  • History - considers past illnesses, surgeries, family history, and lifestyle choices.

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Symptoms Related to Dissociative Disorder

Diseases Related to Dissociative Disorder

FAQs

Q.

Losing Time? Why Your Mind Fragments & Medical Next Steps for DID

A.

Losing time, unexplained memory gaps, or finding things you don’t recall can be signs of dissociation related to trauma, including dissociative identity disorder, which is complex but treatable; there are several factors to consider. See below for more. Start with a medical evaluation to rule out other causes, request a trauma-informed assessment, consider a symptom check to organize your symptoms, and seek urgent care for suicidal thoughts or sudden neurological symptoms; see below for complete guidance and important details that could change your next steps.

References:

* Brand BL, Schielke HJ, Banyan M, Lanius RA, Frewen P, Matlock S, et al. A review of dissociative identity disorder: Epidemiology, comorbidity, neurobiology, and treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2024;181(1):11-25.

* Reinders AAS, Brand BL, Nijenhuis ERS. The neurobiology of dissociative identity disorder: a clinical-neuroscience perspective. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023;17:1189037.

* Brand BL, Sar V, Stavropoulos P, Curtois G, Nishikawa M, Myrick A, et al. An expert consensus treatment guideline for complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and dissociative identity disorder (DID). Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2023;14(1):2217154.

* Dorahy MJ, Brand BL, Sar V, Krüger C, Stavropoulos P, Myrick A, et al. Complex trauma and dissociation: An expert consensus statement. J Trauma Dissociation. 2020;21(5):548-562.

* Nijenhuis ERS, Reinders AAS, van der Hart O, Steele K, Stein PK. Dissociation in Trauma: From the Body to the Mind. J Trauma Dissociation. 2021;22(2):123-140.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Pain During Sex? Why Your Body Is Reacting & Medical Next Steps

A.

There are several factors to consider: pain during sex often has treatable causes, including vaginal dryness, infections or STIs, pelvic floor tension or vaginismus, hormonal changes, endometriosis, fibroids or ovarian cysts, prostatitis, skin irritation, and emotional factors. Know the red flags and next steps: severe or sudden pelvic pain, fever, foul discharge, bleeding after sex, or pain with weight loss needs prompt care, and a clinician can evaluate with an exam and tests and offer options like lubricants or moisturizers, hormone therapy, antibiotics or antifungals, pelvic floor physical therapy, counseling or sex therapy, and targeted treatment for conditions; see the complete guidance below, as important details there can change which steps you should take.

References:

* Pastor Z, Holubek P, Sidlo T, Hudeckova H, Vrzgula A, Rezabek L. Prevalence and characteristics of dyspareunia in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med. 2020 Jan;17(1):148-166. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.10.009. Epub 2019 Nov 20. PMID: 31806323.

* Graziottin A, Basson R. Female Genitopelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: A Clinical Approach. J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 22;10(9):1825. doi: 10.3390/jcm10091825. PMID: 33924151; PMCID: PMC8123282.

* Chen MC, Chui SY, Chen YJ, Ho YS, Li CH, Liu CY. Genitopelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPD): A Review of Current Literature and Treatment Options. Sex Med Rev. 2023 Apr;11(2):167-177. doi: 10.1093/sxmrev/qpad004. PMID: 36977797.

* ACOG Committee Opinion No. 785: Chronic Pelvic Pain. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Aug;134(2):e110-e118. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003362. PMID: 31335439.

* Vercellini P, Buggio L, Viganò P, Dridi D, Viganò M, Candiani M. Management of dyspareunia in endometriosis: a critical appraisal. Hum Reprod Update. 2022 Oct 26;28(6):754-773. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac034. PMID: 35925890.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Worried About Your Poop? Why Your Gut Is Changing & Medical Next Steps

A.

There are several factors to consider when your poop changes, and the complete details are below. Most shifts come from diet, stress, short-term infections, or medications, but IBS, IBD, celiac disease, or even colon polyps and cancer can be involved; seek prompt care for blood, black or tarry stool, unexplained weight loss, fever, severe abdominal pain, or persistent diarrhea or constipation. For mild symptoms, try more fiber, fluids, movement, and stress reduction, track patterns, and see a clinician if changes persist or you are over 45 since tests like stool studies, blood work, imaging, or colonoscopy may be recommended; full guidance is below.

References:

* Mazzawi T, Sæther S, El-Salhy M. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: An Overview of Current and Emerging Therapeutic Interventions. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Feb 11;13(4):681. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13040681. PMID: 36832269.

* Videlock EJ, Chang L. Clinical approach to chronic diarrhoea and constipation. Clin Med (Lond). 2020 May;20(3):290-294. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0104. PMID: 32414777.

* Fan Y, Pedersen O. Gut microbiome in health and disease. EMBO Mol Med. 2021 Jan 11;13(1):e13551. doi: 10.15252/emmm.202013551. PMID: 33411477.

* Ford AC, Lacy BE. Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Primary Care. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 May;96(5):1335-1347. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.038. PMID: 33958066.

* Zhong X, Chen J, Zeng B, Li Y, Hu W. Impact of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Health: A Narrative Review. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;51(2):297-313. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.02.001. PMID: 35595304.

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Q.

Losing Time? The Reality of DID and Your Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Losing time, unexplained messages, or items you do not remember can signal dissociative identity disorder, a real trauma-related dissociative condition with distinct identity states and dissociative amnesia, though similar gaps can also arise from stress, sleep loss, substances, seizures, thyroid disease, vitamin deficiencies, head injury, or medications. Medically approved next steps include tracking symptoms, using a dissociation screening tool, seeing primary care to rule out medical causes, and seeking a trauma-informed therapist, with urgent evaluation for red flags like self harm, sudden confusion, seizures, or hallucinations; there are several factors to consider, and important details that can change your next steps are explained below.

References:

* Brand, B. L., Sar, V., Stavropoulos, P., Krüger, C., Korzekwa, M., Martínez-Taboas, J. M., ... & Middleton, W. (2016). Separating fact from fiction: An empirical examination of six myths about dissociative identity disorder. *Harvard Review of Psychiatry*, *24*(5), 257-270.

* Brand, B. L., Schielke, S., & Putnam, F. W. (2014). An empirically based psychotherapy for treatment-resistant dissociative identity disorder. *Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training*, *51*(4), 543.

* Reinders, A. A. T. S. (2018). Dissociative identity disorder. *Current Opinion in Psychiatry*, *31*(2), 116-121.

* Reinders, A. A. T. S., & Veltman, D. J. (2020). Functional neuroimaging in dissociative identity disorder: A systematic review. *European Journal of Psychotraumatology*, *11*(1), 1735118.

* Sar, V. (2011). Epidemiology of dissociative disorders: An overview. *Psychiatric Clinics of North America*, *34*(3), 755-763.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Stuck in the Past? Why Your Brain Needs EMDR + Your Medical Next Steps

A.

Feeling stuck in the past with outsized reactions to triggers? EMDR is a structured, evidence based therapy that uses bilateral stimulation, like guided eye movements, to help your brain reprocess frozen trauma and reduce panic, nightmares, and shame. There are several factors to consider, and below you will find step by step medical next steps, including when to seek urgent care, how to rule out medical causes, how to get a mental health assessment, and how to choose a qualified EMDR therapist and prepare for the commitment.

References:

* Landin-Romero R, Charman T, Smith E, Blenkinsop A, Charman S, Meiser-Stedman R. The neurobiological model for EMDR therapy: a critical review. J EMDR Pract Res. 2021;15(1):2-26. doi:10.1891/EMDR-D-20-00030. PMID: 33647167.

* Hensley S, Marini I, Bellini C, Ricci S, Rossetto M, Sisti M, Calia V, Sani G, Raccah R. Neurobiological mechanisms of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Feb 1;17:1088737. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1088737. PMID: 36798059; PMCID: PMC9930777.

* He B, Liu J, Zhou X, Sun Y, Cai Q, Liu K, Huang Y. Brain Activity During Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Systematic Review. Brain Sci. 2021 Jul 27;11(8):979. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11080979. PMID: 34439600; PMCID: PMC8394602.

* Lange M, van der Woude MF, Marini I, Olff M. EMDR therapy as an intervention to update traumatic memories: a comparison with pharmacological treatments. Neuropharmacology. 2022 Jul 1;212:109040. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109040. PMID: 35398236.

* Vickus L, Reus D, Smith T, Biddle B, Ranganathan M, Smith A, Olff M, Rucker J, Patel R. The effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2023 Dec 31;14(2):2284196. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2284196. PMID: 38115509; PMCID: PMC10729792.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Is Reality Fracturing? Why Your Brain is Misfiring and the Clinical Path to Relief

A.

Feeling like reality is slipping can be a sign of psychosis or dissociation, both medical and treatable conditions driven by brain changes, stress, trauma, sleep loss, or substance use. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more. The clinical path to relief includes prompt medical evaluation to rule out reversible causes, evidence based treatments like antipsychotic medication and CBT for psychosis, lifestyle stabilization with sleep and substance reduction, early intervention programs, and clear guidance on when to seek urgent help, with many people achieving full recovery or long term stability.

References:

* Sakai, Y., & Nakahara, T. (2020). Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: from basic mechanisms to clinical intervention. *Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria: 1996)*, *127*(12), 1639–1650. [PMID: 32676735]

* Ren, J., Liu, H., Li, H., & Fan, X. (2022). Neural mechanisms of delusion: From brain structures to networks and cognition. *Neuropsychopharmacology*, *47*(1), 168–180. [PMID: 34504285]

* Wang, Y., Xia, X., Ma, Y., & Wang, J. (2021). Neural mechanisms of altered reality processing in psychiatric disorders: A review of the literature. *Frontiers in Psychiatry*, *12*, 692019. [PMID: 34335431]

* Gold, J. M., & Barch, D. M. (2021). Cognitive control in the context of disordered perception: A review of mechanisms and interventions. *Schizophrenia Bulletin*, *47*(6), 1675–1686. [PMID: 34240176]

* Northoff, G., & Sibille, E. (2020). Brain network dysfunction in severe mental illness: A transdiagnostic perspective on mechanisms and targets for intervention. *Molecular Psychiatry*, *25*(11), 2686–2707. [PMID: 32296041]

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References