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Inability to sleep
Restless leg syndrome
Insomnia
Sleep apnea symptoms
Anxiety attack
Snoring
Bad dreams every night
Waking up in the middle of the night
Feeling depressed for no reason
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Sleep Disorder?
Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the quality, timing, or duration of your sleep, impacting your ability to function when you're awake. There are many types of sleep disorders, including disturbances in sleep quality or quantity, excessive daytime sleepiness, abnormal behaviors during sleep, sleep disorders related to mental disorders, and more. Narcolepsy is one such disorder, often grouped under hypersomnias - a category of conditions characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness - and can be mistaken for or coexist with other sleep disorders like sleep apnea. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.
Typical Symptoms of Sleep Disorder
- Recent changes in mental state
- Headache that worsens with lack of sleep
- I have been told my breathing stops for brief periods while sleeping
- Fatigue or low energy that is worse in the morning
- Stressed over daily life
- History of anxiety disorder or panic attacks
- History of using narcotics or illegal drugs
- Difficulty concentrating
Diagnostic Questions for Sleep Disorder
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Recently, are you more confused than before?
- Does your headache get worse when you haven't slept enough?
- Have you been told that your breathing stops briefly during sleep?
- Do you experience fatigue or low energy that is worse in the morning?
- Do you feel stressed or unhappy about going to work or school?
Treatment of Sleep Disorder
Treatment for sleep disorders depends on the specific cause and type of the condition. Approaches may include lifestyle changes, behavioral therapies, medical devices, or medications tailored to address the underlying issue. For example, obstructive sleep apnea is often treated with CPAP machines or oral appliances, while insomnia may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy or sleep aids. Managing contributing factors such as stress, poor sleep hygiene, or medical conditions is also important. In the case of narcolepsy, treatment focuses on controlling excessive daytime sleepiness and related symptoms through stimulants, antidepressants, and lifestyle adjustments such as scheduled naps, regular sleep–wake routines and avoiding alcohol or heavy meals before bed.
Reviewed By:
Weston S. Ferrer, MD (Psychiatry)
Weston Ferrer is a physician leader, psychiatrist, and clinical informaticist based in San Francisco. With nearly a decade of experience in academia and more recent immersion in industry, he has made significant contributions to the fields of digital health, health tech, and healthcare innovation. | As an Associate Professor at UCSF, Weston was involved in teaching, leadership, and clinical practice, focusing on the intersection of technology and mental health. He recently led mental health clinical for Verily (formerly Google Life Sciences), where he applied his expertise to develop innovative solutions for mental healthcare using the tools of AI/ML, digital therapeutics, clinical analytics, and more.. | Weston is known for his unique ability to innovate and support product development while bringing pragmatism to technology entrepreneurship. He is a strong advocate for patient-centered care and is committed to leveraging technology to improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities. |
Shohei Harase, MD (Neurology)
Dr. Harase spent his junior and senior high school years in Finland and the U.S. After graduating from the University of Washington (Bachelor of Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology), he worked for Apple Japan Inc. before entering the University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, where he received the Best Resident Award in 2016 and 2017. In 2021, he joined the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, specializing in hyperacute stroke.
Content updated on Aug 5, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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- Confusion
- Change in mental status
- Restless sleep
- Appears dazed
- Doesn't know the time
- Doesn't know where he/she is
- Sleep apnea
- Doesn't know who he/she is
- Sleep problems
- Breathing stops during sleep
- Stops breathing suddenly while sleeping
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User Testimonials for Sleep Disorder
Female, Teens
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(May 1, 2025)
Symptoms Related to Sleep Disorder
Diseases Related to Sleep Disorder
FAQs
Q.
Can sleepwalking continue into adulthood?
A.
Yes, sleepwalking can continue into adulthood and sometimes even start then. It can be treated with different methods.
References:
Guilleminault C, Kirisoglu C, Bao G, Arias V, Chan A, & Li KK. (2005). Adult chronic sleepwalking and its treatment based on .... Brain : a journal of neurology, 15817520.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817520/
Bargiotas P, Arnet I, Frei M, Baumann CR, Schindler K, & Bassetti CL. (2017). and Adult-Onset Sleepwalking in Adults. European neurology, 29073634.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29073634/
Baldini T, Loddo G, Sessagesimi E, Mignani F, Cirignotta F, Mondini S, et al. (2019). A Window Into the Sleeping Brain. Frontiers in neurology, 31164861.
Q.
Does sleepwalking affect daytime alertness or concentration?
A.
Sleepwalking can affect how alert and focused someone feels during the day, making it harder to concentrate.
References:
Lopez R, Jaussent I, Scholz S, Bayard S, Montplaisir J, & Dauvilliers Y. (2013). Functional Impairment in Adult Sleepwalkers: A Case- .... Sleep, 23450499.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23450499/
Labelle MA, Dang-Vu TT, Petit D, Desautels A, Montplaisir J, & Zadra A. (2015). Sleep deprivation impairs inhibitory control during .... Journal of sleep research, 26087833.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26087833/
Uguccioni G, Pallanca O, Golmard JL, Leu-Semenescu S, & Arnulf I. (2015). Is sleep-related verbal memory consolidation impaired in .... Journal of sleep research, 25212397.
Q.
How long does sleepwalking typically last during a night?
A.
Sleepwalking episodes usually last a few minutes during the night.
References:
Baldini T, Loddo G, Sessagesimi E, Mignani F, Cirignotta F, Mondini S, et al. (2019). A Window Into the Sleeping Brain. Frontiers in neurology, 31164861.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164861/
Castelnovo A, Amacker J, Maiolo M, Amato N, Pereno M, Riccardi S, et al. (2022). High-density EEG power topography and connectivity .... Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 35985125.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35985125/
Castelnovo A, Loddo G, Provini F, Miano S, & Manconi M. (2021). Mental Activity During Episodes of Sleepwalking, Night .... Nature and science of sleep, 34188578.
Q.
What treatment options are available for chronic or severe sleepwalking?
A.
Chronic sleepwalking can be treated with behavioral and psychological techniques, as well as hypnotherapy.
References:
Mundt JM, Schuiling MD, Warlick C, Dietch JR, Wescott AB, Hagenaars M, et al. (2023). Behavioral and psychological treatments for NREM ... - PubMed. Sleep medicine, 37716336.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37716336/
Ng BY, & Lee TS. (2008). Hypnotherapy for sleep disorders. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 18797562.
Q.
When should sleepwalking be considered a medical emergency?
A.
Sleepwalking becomes a medical emergency if the person is at risk of harming themselves or others, or if they exhibit unusual behaviors like leaving the house. Seek help if these situations occur.
References:
Mainieri G, Loddo G, Provini F, Nobili L, Manconi M, & Castelnovo A. (2023). Diagnosis and Management of NREM Sleep Parasomnias .... Diagnostics, 10093221.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10093221/
Lopez R, Lefevre L, Barateau L, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Dauvilliers Y, & Schenck CH. (2022). A series of 8 cases of sleep-related psychogenic .... Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 8804993.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8804993/
Sousa-Santos PE, & Peres MF. (2025). Practical issues in the management of sleep, anxiety, and .... Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 12221693.
Q.
Are there medications that can help reduce sleepwalking episodes?
A.
Certain medications may help reduce sleepwalking episodes, but treatment often depends on the specific circumstances and underlying causes.
References:
Drakatos P, Marples L, Muza R, Higgins S, Gildeh N, Macavei R, et al. (2019). NREM parasomnias: a treatment approach based upon .... Sleep medicine, 29753639.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29753639/
Chiaro G, Caletti MT, & Provini F. (2015). Treatment of sleep-related eating disorder. Current treatment options in neurology, 26037737.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26037737/
Horváth A, Papp A, & Szűcs A. (2016). Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of .... Nature and science of sleep, 27022307.
Q.
Can emotional trauma contribute to sleepwalking?
A.
Emotional trauma can affect sleep, but the provided references do not specifically link it to sleepwalking.
References:
McNally RJ, & Clancy SA. (2005). Sleep paralysis, sexual abuse, and space alien abduction. Transcultural psychiatry, 15881271.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15881271/
Richter K, Baumgärtner L, Niklewski G, Peter L, Köck M, Kellner S, et al. (2020). Sleep disorders in migrants and refugees: a systematic .... The EPMA journal, 32549917.
Q.
Can fever or illness trigger sleepwalking in children?
A.
Fever or illness can sometimes trigger sleepwalking or sleep terrors in children, making it more likely for them to happen.
References:
Gau SF, & Soong WT. (1999). Psychiatric comorbidity of adolescents with sleep terrors or .... The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 10544999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10544999/
Bharti B, Malhi P, & Kashyap S. (2006). Patterns and problems of sleep in school going children. Indian pediatrics, 16465004.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16465004/
Wang X, Yuan N, Zhu J, Wang B, Zhang W, & Liu Y. (2024). Fever-induced acute sleep terrors in children and .... Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 38689200.
Q.
Can medications cause or worsen sleepwalking?
A.
Yes, some medications can cause or make sleepwalking worse. These include certain sleep aids and antipsychotic drugs.
References:
Stallman HM, Kohler M, & White J. (2018). Medication induced sleepwalking: A systematic review. Sleep medicine reviews, 28363449.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28363449/
Seeman MV. (2011). Sleepwalking, a possible side effect of antipsychotic .... The Psychiatric quarterly, 20734137.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20734137/
Dolder CR, & Nelson MH. (2008). Hypnosedative-induced complex behaviours : incidence, .... CNS drugs, 18998740.
Q.
Can meditation or relaxation techniques reduce sleepwalking?
A.
Meditation and relaxation techniques might help reduce sleepwalking by promoting relaxation and reducing stress, which can be triggers for sleepwalking.
References:
Harris M, & Grunstein RR. (2009). Treatments for somnambulism in adults: assessing the .... Sleep medicine reviews, 19046651.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19046651/
Ng BY, & Lee TS. (2008). Hypnotherapy for sleep disorders. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 18797562.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18797562/
Cochen De Cock V. (2016). Sleepwalking. Current treatment options in neurology, 26874839.
Q.
Can nighttime noises trigger sleepwalking?
A.
Nighttime noises can contribute to sleepwalking, as they may act as triggers for this behavior.
References:
Blanchette-Carrière C, Pilon M, Trudeau S, Hébert-Tremblay L, Desautels A, Montplaisir J, & Zadra A. (2025). Self-Reported Precipitating and Priming Factors for .... Journal of sleep research, 40556414.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40556414/
Xu S, Pan Z, Guo Y, Zhou Q, Wang Q, Pan S, & Li L. (2024). Associations between abnormal sleep behavior and indoor .... BMC pediatrics, 39164656.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39164656/
Wolke D, & Lereya ST. (2014). Bullying and parasomnias: a longitudinal cohort study. Pediatrics, 25201799.
Q.
Can sleep deprivation lead to sleepwalking?
A.
Yes, sleep deprivation can lead to sleepwalking by disrupting normal sleep patterns and increasing the likelihood of sleep disturbances.
References:
Zadra A, Pilon M, & Montplaisir J. (2008). Polysomnographic diagnosis of sleepwalking. Annals of neurology, 18351640.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18351640/
Bušková J, Piško J, Pastorek L, & Šonka K. (2015). The course and character of sleepwalking in adulthood. Behavioral sleep medicine, 24597508.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24597508/
Pressman MR. (2007). Factors that predispose, prime and precipitate NREM .... Sleep medicine reviews, 17208473.
Q.
Can sleepwalking be a sign of REM sleep behavior disorder?
A.
Sleepwalking is not a sign of REM sleep behavior disorder; it usually happens during non-REM sleep stages.
References:
Manni R, Terzaghi M, & Repetto A. (2008). The FLEP scale in diagnosing nocturnal frontal lobe .... Epilepsia, 18410366.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18410366/
Drakatos P, Marples L, Muza R, Higgins S, Nesbitt A, Dongol EM, et al. (2019). Video polysomnographic findings in non-rapid eye .... Journal of sleep research, 30295353.
Q.
Can sleepwalking episodes cause injury?
A.
Yes, sleepwalking can cause injuries, some of which can be life-threatening.
References:
Rauch PK, & Stern TA. (1986). Life-threatening injuries resulting from sleepwalking and .... Psychosomatics, 3952247.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3952247/
Madigand-Tordjman MA, Egler PJ, Bertran F, Jokic M, & Guénolé F. (2017). [Life-threatening sleepwalking (Elpenor's syndrome) in a .... Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 28416429.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28416429/
Stallman HM, & Bari A. (2017). A biopsychosocial model of violence when sleepwalking. BJPsych open, 28446961.
Q.
Can stress management reduce the frequency of sleepwalking?
A.
Yes, managing stress can help reduce how often sleepwalking happens by using special treatments like behavioral therapy.
References:
Mundt JM, & Baron KG. (2021). Integrative behavioral treatment for NREM parasomnias. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 8314652.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8314652/
Galbiati A, Rinaldi F, Giora E, Ferini-Strambi L, & Marelli S. (2015). Behavioural and Cognitive-Behavioural Treatments of .... Behavioural Neurology, 4458546.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4458546/
Hauri PJ, Silber MH, & Boeve BF. (2007). The Treatment of Parasomnias with Hypnosis: a 5-Year .... Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 1978312.
Q.
Do genetics play a role in sleepwalking?
A.
Yes, genetics can play a role in sleepwalking. Studies show that sleepwalking can run in families, suggesting a hereditary component.
References:
Kales A, Soldatos CR, Bixler EO, Ladda RL, Charney DS, Weber G, & Schweitzer PK. (1980). Hereditary factors in sleepwalking and night terrors. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 7426840.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7426840/
Hublin C, Kaprio J, Partinen M, Heikkilä K, & Koskenvuo M. (1997). Prevalence and genetics of sleepwalking: a population- .... Neurology, 9008515.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9008515/
Hublin C, Kaprio J, Partinen M, & Koskenvu M. (2001). Parasomnias: co-occurrence and genetics. Psychiatric genetics, 11525419.
Q.
Do sleepwalkers remember their actions the next day?
A.
Most sleepwalkers do not remember what they did during the night when they wake up the next day.
References:
Popat S, & Winslade W. (2015). While You Were Sleepwalking: Science and Neurobiology .... Neuroethics, 4506454.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4506454/
Castelnovo A, Loddo G, Provini F, Miano S, & Manconi M. (2021). Mental Activity During Episodes of Sleepwalking, Night .... Nature and Science of Sleep, 8232850.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8232850/
Siclari F. (2024). Consciousness in non‐REM‐parasomnia episodes - PMC. Journal of Sleep Research, 11744254.
Q.
Does improving sleep schedule help prevent sleepwalking episodes?
A.
Improving your sleep schedule can help reduce sleepwalking episodes by promoting better sleep quality.
References:
Fleetham JA, & Fleming JA. (2014). Parasomnias - PMC - PubMed Central. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal, 4016090.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4016090/
Kierlin L, & Littner MR. (2011). Parasomnias and Antidepressant Therapy: A Review of the .... Frontiers in Psychiatry, 3235766.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3235766/
Picard‐Deland C, Cesari M, Stefani A, Maranci J, Hogl B, & Arnulf I. (2025). The Future of Parasomnias - PMC - PubMed Central - NIH. Journal of Sleep Research, 12426708.
Q.
Does stress or anxiety trigger sleepwalking episodes?
A.
Stress and anxiety can trigger sleepwalking episodes by affecting the sleep cycle.
References:
Pressman MR. (2007). Factors that predispose, prime and precipitate NREM .... Sleep medicine reviews, 17208473.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17208473/
Szelenberger W, Niemcewicz S, & Dabrowska AJ. (2005). Sleepwalking and Night Terrors: Psychopathological and .... International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 16194798.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16194798/
Tucker P, Masters B, & Nawar O. (2004). Topiramate in the treatment of comorbid night eating .... Eating disorders, 16864305.
Q.
How does alcohol consumption affect sleepwalking?
A.
Alcohol can make sleepwalking worse by affecting how the brain works during sleep, leading to unusual behaviors.
References:
Chakraborty R, Biswas T, Mishra BR, & Parmar A. (2024). Acute REM sleep behaviour disorder associated with .... Drug and alcohol review, 38287722.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38287722/
Cochen De Cock V. (2016). Sleepwalking. Current treatment options in neurology, 26874839.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26874839/
McLaughlin T, Blum K, Oscar-Berman M, Febo M, Agan G, Fratantonio JL, et al. (2015). Putative dopamine agonist (KB220Z) attenuates lucid .... Journal of behavioral addictions, 26132915.
Q.
How does cognitive behavioral therapy help with sleepwalking?
A.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help manage sleepwalking by addressing behaviors and thoughts that contribute to the condition.
References:
Mundt JM, Schuiling MD, Warlick C, Dietch JR, Wescott AB, Hagenaars M, et al. (2023). Behavioral and psychological treatments for NREM ... - PubMed. Sleep medicine, 37716336.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37716336/
Carter KA, Hathaway NE, & Lettieri CF. (2014). Common sleep disorders in children. American family physician, 24695508.
Q.
How is sleepwalking diagnosed by a doctor?
A.
Doctors diagnose sleepwalking by discussing your sleep habits, medical history, and sometimes using tests to check your sleep patterns.
References:
Kohler WC, Kurz PJ, & Kohler EA. (2015). A Case of Successful Use of Hypnosis in the Treatment .... Behavioral sleep medicine, 24738970.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24738970/
Vela-Bueno A, & Soldatos CR. (1987). Episodic sleep disorders (parasomnias). Seminars in neurology, 3332462.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3332462/
Wills L, & Garcia J. (2002). Parasomnias: epidemiology and management. CNS drugs, 12421114.
Q.
Is frequent sleepwalking a sign of an underlying medical condition?
A.
Frequent sleepwalking can sometimes be linked to underlying medical issues, as it may be part of a group of sleep disorders called parasomnias.
References:
Correa VM, Vitrai J, & Szűcs A. (2024). Parasomnias manifest different phenotypes of sleep- .... Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 37989677.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37989677/
Morgenthaler TI, & Silber MH. (2002). Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with .... Sleep medicine, 14592194.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14592194/
Manfredi RL, & Kales A. (1987). Clinical neuropharmacology of sleep disorders. Seminars in neurology, 3332464.
Q.
Is it dangerous to wake up a sleepwalker?
A.
Waking up a sleepwalker is not dangerous, but it can be confusing for them. It’s usually better to gently guide them back to bed.
References:
Popat S, & Winslade W. (2015). While You Were Sleepwalking: Science and Neurobiology .... Neuroethics, 4506454.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4506454/
El Shakankiry HM. (2011). Sleep physiology and sleep disorders in childhood - PMC. Nature and Science of Sleep, 3630965.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3630965/
Parrino L, Halasz P, Szucs A, Thomas RJ, Azzi N, Rausa F, et al. (2022). Sleep medicine: Practice, challenges and new frontiers - PMC. Frontiers in Neurology, 9616008.
Q.
Is sleepwalking associated with other sleep disorders?
A.
Yes, sleepwalking can be linked to other sleep disorders like night terrors and confusional arousals.
References:
Ohayon MM, Guilleminault C, & Priest RG. (1999). Night terrors, sleepwalking, and confusional arousals in the .... The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 10221293.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10221293/
Martynowicz H, Smardz J, Wieczorek T, Mazur G, Poreba R, Skomro R, et al. (2018). The Co-Occurrence of Sexsomnia, Sleep Bruxism and .... Journal of clinical medicine, 30142877.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30142877/
Howell MJ. (2012). Parasomnias: an updated review. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 22965264.
Q.
Is sleepwalking ever linked to epilepsy?
A.
Yes, sleepwalking can sometimes be linked to epilepsy, especially certain types like nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, which can look similar to sleepwalking.
References:
Plazzi G, Vetrugno R, Provini F, & Montagna P. (2005). Sleepwalking and other ambulatory behaviours during sleep. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 16331395.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16331395/
Derry C. (2012). Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy vs Parasomnias. Current treatment options in neurology, 22865379.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865379/
Drakatos P, Marples L, Muza R, Higgins S, Nesbitt A, Dongol EM, et al. (2019). Video polysomnographic findings in non-rapid eye .... Journal of sleep research, 30295353.
Q.
Is sleepwalking more common in children than adults?
A.
Yes, sleepwalking is more common in children than in adults.
References:
Hublin C, Kaprio J, Partinen M, Heikkilä K, & Koskenvuo M. (1997). Prevalence and genetics of sleepwalking: a population- .... Neurology, 9008515.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9008515/
Stallman HM, & Kohler M. (2016). Prevalence of Sleepwalking: A Systematic Review and .... PloS one, 27832078.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27832078/
Soldatos CR, & Lugaresi E. (1987). Nosology and prevalence of sleep disorders. Seminars in neurology, 3332458.
Q.
Is sleepwalking related to nightmares or night terrors?
A.
Sleepwalking is related to night terrors but not directly to nightmares, as they all occur during different stages of sleep.
References:
Szelenberger W, Niemcewicz S, & Dabrowska AJ. (2005). Sleepwalking and Night Terrors: Psychopathological and .... International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 16194798.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16194798/
Hartman D, Crisp AH, Sedgwick P, & Borrow S. (2001). Is there a dissociative process in sleepwalking and night .... Postgraduate medical journal, 11264487.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11264487/
Uguccioni G, Golmard JL, de Fontréaux AN, Leu-Semenescu S, Brion A, & Arnulf I. (2013). Fight or flight? Dream content during sleepwalking/sleep .... Sleep medicine, 23601752.
Q.
What are the signs that someone may be sleepwalking?
A.
Sleepwalking signs include walking around while asleep, having a blank expression, and not remembering the event afterward.
References:
Kotagal S. (2017). Sleep-Wake Disorders of Childhood. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 28777180.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28777180/
Guilleminault C, & Anders TF. (1976). The pathophysiology of sleep disorders in pediatrics. Part II .... Advances in pediatrics, 57711.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/57711/
Kaur H, Jahngir MU, & Siddiqui JH. (2018). Sleep-related Eating Disorder in a Patient with Parkinson's .... Cureus, 30473978.
Q.
What causes someone to sleepwalk during the night?
A.
Sleepwalking can be caused by a mix of sleep deprivation, stress, and genetics, and often happens when someone is in deep sleep.
References:
Leu-Semenescu S, & Arnulf I. (2010). [Disruptive nocturnal behavior in elderly subjects: could it .... Psychologie & neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement, 20525541.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20525541/
Guilleminault C, Palombini L, Pelayo R, & Chervin RD. (2003). Sleepwalking and Sleep Terrors in Prepubertal Children. Pediatrics, 12509590.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12509590/
Mayer G, Neissner V, Schwarzmayr P, & Meier-Ewert K. (1998). [Sleep deprivation in somnambulism. Effect of arousal, .... Der Nervenarzt, 9673973.
Q.
What exactly is sleepwalking, and how does it occur?
A.
Sleepwalking is when a person gets up and walks around while still asleep, often not remembering it afterward. It occurs during deep sleep and can be influenced by various factors like genetics, stress, or sleep deprivation.
References:
Zadra A, Desautels A, Petit D, & Montplaisir J. (2013). Somnambulism: clinical aspects and pathophysiological .... The Lancet. Neurology, 23415568.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23415568/
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Q.
What should I do if a family member is sleepwalking?
A.
If a family member is sleepwalking, gently guide them back to bed and make sure their environment is safe to prevent injury.
References:
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Attarian H, & Zhu L. (2013). Treatment options for disorders of arousal: a case series. The International journal of neuroscience, 23510075.
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Soca R, Keenan JC, & Schenck CH. (2016). Parasomnia Overlap Disorder with Sexual Behaviors .... Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 27166304.
Q.
When is a sleep study recommended for suspected sleepwalking?
A.
A sleep study is recommended for sleepwalking when there are safety concerns, frequent episodes, or if other sleep disorders are suspected.
References:
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Blanchette-Carrière C, Montplaisir J, Boucetta S, Desautels A, & Zadra A. (2024). Differential effects of sleep deprivation on sleepwalking. Sleep medicine, 38972128.
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Q.
Why does sleepwalking sometimes involve unusual or complex behaviors?
A.
Sleepwalking can involve complex behaviors because it may include acting out dreams or being triggered by factors like sleep deprivation.
References:
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Q.
Why does sleepwalking typically happen during deep sleep?
A.
Sleepwalking usually happens during deep sleep because this is a time when the brain is less conscious, making it easier for sleepwalking to occur.
References:
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Guilleminault C, & Anders TF. (1976). The pathophysiology of sleep disorders in pediatrics. Part II .... Advances in pediatrics, 57711.
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Q.
Are sleep disorders linked to heart disease or stroke?
A.
Yes, sleep disorders can be linked to heart disease and stroke.
References:
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Q.
Are sleep mecidations safe to use long-term?
A.
Long-term use of sleep medications can be risky and should be carefully managed with a healthcare provider.
References:
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Magnusson DH, Albertsson TI, Jonsdottir F, & Sigurdsson MI. (2023). The epidemiology of new persistent hypnotic/sedative use .... Anaesthesia, 37188390.
Q.
Can sleep disorders be prevented?
A.
Some sleep disorders can be prevented by practicing good sleep habits and focusing on overall sleep health.
References:
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Chaput JP. (2025). Focusing on sleep health for all, not just sleep disorders. Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 40100339.
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Chaput JP, & Stranges S. (2025). Sleep: The silent hero in cardiometabolic health. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 39643476.
Q.
Do diet and nutrition influence sleep disorders?
A.
Yes, diet and nutrition can affect sleep disorders. Eating habits and the types of food you consume may influence how well you sleep.
References:
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Wilson K, St-Onge MP, & Tasali E. (2022). Diet Composition and Objectively Assessed Sleep Quality. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 35063665.
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Q.
Does taking a nap help or worsen nighttime sleep?
A.
Taking naps can sometimes affect nighttime sleep, but it depends on the length of the nap and individual differences.
References:
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Pilcher JJ, Michalowski KR, & Carrigan RD. (2001). The prevalence of daytime napping and its relationship to .... Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.), 11763827.
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Boukhris O, Suppiah H, & Driller M. (2025). The Influence of 25- and 90-Min Afternoon Nap .... Journal of sleep research, 40537913.
Q.
How can I stop relying on sleeping pills?
A.
To stop relying on sleeping pills, gradually reduce the dosage with medical guidance and consider Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to improve sleep habits.
References:
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Morin CM, Bélanger L, Bastien C, & Vallières A. (2005). Long-term outcome after discontinuation of benzodiazepines .... Behaviour research and therapy, 15531349.
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Chapoutot M, Peter-Derex L, Bastuji H, Leslie W, Schoendorff B, Heinzer R, et al. (2021). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance .... International journal of environmental research and public health, 34639523.
Q.
Is melatonin helpful for sleep disorders, and when should it be used?
A.
Melatonin can help with sleep disorders, especially in older adults, by regulating sleep-wake cycles. It is most effective for people over 55 years old or those with disrupted circadian rhythms.
References:
Bueno APR, Savi FM, Alves IA, & Bandeira VAC. (2021). Regulatory aspects and evidences of melatonin use for .... Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 34550191.
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Lyseng-Williamson KA. (2012). in the treatment of insomnia in patients aged ≥55 years. Drugs & aging, 23044640.
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Zhdanova IV, & Tucci V. (2003). Melatonin, Circadian Rhythms, and Sleep. Current treatment options in neurology, 12670411.
Q.
What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)?
A.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is a treatment that helps people who have trouble sleeping by changing their thoughts and habits related to sleep.
References:
Rossman J. (2019). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: An Effective .... American journal of lifestyle medicine, 31662718.
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Alimoradi Z, Jafari E, Broström A, Ohayon MM, Lin CY, Griffiths MD, et al. (2022). Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) .... Sleep medicine reviews, 35653951.
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Muench A, Vargas I, Grandner MA, Ellis JG, Posner D, Bastien CH, et al. (2022). We know CBT-I works, now what? - PubMed - NIH. Faculty reviews, 35156100.
Q.
What treatment options are available for chronic sleep disorders?
A.
Chronic sleep disorders can be treated with therapy, lifestyle changes, and sometimes medication. It's important to find the right approach for each person.
References:
Matheson EM, Brown BD, & DeCastro AO. (2024). Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults. American family physician, 38393799.
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Rosenberg R, Citrome L, & Drake CL. (2021). Advances in the Treatment of Chronic Insomnia. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 34393484.
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Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD, & Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. (2016). Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults. Annals of internal medicine, 27136449.
Q.
Why do children and adults experience different sleep disorders?
A.
Children and adults have different sleep disorders because their bodies and brains are at different stages of growth and development.
References:
Alsubie HS, & BaHammam AS. (2017). Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Children are not little Adults. Paediatric respiratory reviews, 27262609.
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Hoban TF. (2004). Sleep and its disorders in children. Seminars in neurology, 15449225.
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Hoban TF. (2010). Sleep disorders in children. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 20146688.
Q.
Can alcohol help with sleep, or does it make sleep worse?
A.
Alcohol might help you fall asleep faster, but it can make your sleep worse by waking you up during the night.
References:
Zheng JW, Ai SZ, Chang SH, Meng SQ, Shi L, Deng JH, et al. (2024). Association between alcohol consumption and sleep traits. Molecular psychiatry, 38233469.
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Colrain IM, Nicholas CL, & Baker FC. (2014). Alcohol and the sleeping brain - PubMed - NIH. Handbook of clinical neurology, 25307588.
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Thakkar MM, Sharma R, & Sahota P. (2015). Alcohol disrupts sleep homeostasis - PubMed - NIH. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 25499829.
Q.
Can anxiety or depression cause sleep disorders?
A.
Yes, anxiety and depression can cause sleep disorders. They are closely linked and can affect each other.
References:
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Yasugaki S, Okamura H, Kaneko A, & Hayashi Y. (2025). Bidirectional relationship between sleep and depression. Neuroscience research, 37116584.
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Nyer M, Farabaugh A, Fehling K, Soskin D, Holt D, Papakostas GI, et al. (2013). Relationship between sleep disturbance and depression .... Depression and anxiety, 23681944.
Q.
Can chronic sleep deprivation affect brain structure or function?
A.
Yes, chronic sleep deprivation can change how the brain works and even affect its structure.
References:
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Q.
Can lack of sleep trigger or worsen migraines?
A.
Yes, not getting enough sleep can trigger or make migraines worse.
References:
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Wang S, Ma L, Wang S, Duan C, Wang X, Bian X, et al. (2025). Effects of acute sleep deprivation on the brain function .... The journal of headache and pain, 40155843.
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Tiseo C, Vacca A, Felbush A, Filimonova T, Gai A, Glazyrina T, et al. (2020). Migraine and sleep disorders: a systematic review. The journal of headache and pain, 33109076.
Q.
Can sleep disorders cause daytime fatigue even if I sleep "enough" hours?
A.
Yes, sleep disorders can cause daytime fatigue even if you get enough hours of sleep because the quality of sleep can be poor.
References:
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Santander P, Sievers D, & Moser N. (2016). Sleep-related breathing disorders and dentistry. Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985), 27319815.
Q.
Can sleep disorders increase the risk of accidents?
A.
Yes, sleep disorders can increase the risk of accidents, especially when driving or working with machines.
References:
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Duffy JF, Zitting KM, & Czeisler CA. (2015). The Case for Addressing Operator Fatigue - PubMed - NIH. Review of human factors and ergonomics, 26056516.
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Hiestand D, & Phillips B. (2011). assessing and managing risk in the motor vehicle operator. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 21921796.
Q.
Can untreated sleep disorders lead to long-term health problems?
A.
Untreated sleep disorders can lead to long-term health problems, including issues with the heart and brain.
References:
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Jan JE, Reiter RJ, Bax MC, Ribary U, Freeman RD, & Wasdell MB. (2010). Long-term sleep disturbances in children: a cause of .... European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 20554229.
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Khan MS, & Aouad R. (2017). The Effects of Insomnia and Sleep Loss on Cardiovascular .... Sleep medicine clinics, 28477772.
Q.
Do sleep disorders get worse with age?
A.
Yes, sleep disorders often become more common and can worsen as people age. This is due to changes in sleep patterns and health conditions that are more frequent in older adults.
References:
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Asplund R. (1999). Sleep disorders in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10084363.
Q.
Does caffeine help or worsen sleep deprivation?
A.
Caffeine can help people feel less sleepy for a short time, but it might make it harder to sleep well later.
References:
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Carrier J, Fernandez-Bolanos M, Robillard R, Dumont M, Paquet J, Selmaoui B, & Filipini D. (2007). Effects of caffeine are more marked on daytime recovery .... Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 16936703.
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Wurts SW, & Edgar DM. (2000). sleep tendency and dynamics of recovery sleep in rats. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 10638649.
Q.
Does sleep deprivation affect reproductive or hormonal health?
A.
Yes, not getting enough sleep can affect your hormones and reproductive health by changing how your body releases certain hormones.
References:
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Leproult R, & Van Cauter E. (2010). Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release ... - PubMed. Endocrine development, 19955752.
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Q.
How can I tell if my sleep problem is temporary or a true sleep disorder?
A.
Temporary sleep problems can happen due to stress or changes in routine, but if sleep issues last a long time or affect daily life, it might be a true sleep disorder.
References:
Lack LC, Gradisar M, Van Someren EJ, Wright HR, & Lushington K. (2008). The relationship between insomnia and body temperatures. Sleep medicine reviews, 18603220.
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Hernandez AB, & Patil SP. (2016). Pathophysiology of central sleep apneas. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 26782104.
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Q.
How do hormonal changes affect sleep?
A.
Hormonal changes, such as those during the menstrual cycle and perimenopause, can affect sleep patterns, leading to disturbances like difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
References:
Troìa L, Garassino M, Volpicelli AI, Fornara A, Libretti A, Surico D, & Remorgida V. (2025). Sleep Disturbance and Perimenopause: A Narrative Review. Journal of clinical medicine, 40094961.
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Q.
How do new surgical options help in severe cases of sleep apnea?
A.
New surgeries for severe sleep apnea, like moving the jaw forward or stimulating nerves, can help keep the airway open during sleep.
References:
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Woodson BT, Strohl KP, Soose RJ, Gillespie MB, Maurer JT, de Vries N, et al. (2018). Upper Airway Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 29582703.
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How does blue light exposure before bed affect sleep quality?
A.
Blue light from screens before bed can make it harder to fall asleep and reduce sleep quality.
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Q.
How does caffeine impact sleep disorders?
A.
Caffeine can make it harder to fall asleep and stay asleep, especially if you drink it regularly or close to bedtime.
References:
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Q.
How does sleep disorder affect concentration and memory?
A.
Sleep disorders can make it hard to focus and remember things. They can affect how well your brain works during the day.
References:
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How does stress contribute to sleep disorders?
A.
Stress can make it hard to sleep by affecting the brain's ability to relax, leading to sleep disorders.
References:
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Q.
How is sleep deprivation different from insomnia?
A.
Sleep deprivation happens when you don't get enough sleep, while insomnia is when you have trouble falling or staying asleep even if you have the chance to sleep.
References:
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Altena E, Van Der Werf YD, Strijers RL, & Van Someren EJ. (2008). Sleep loss affects vigilance: effects of chronic insomnia and .... Journal of sleep research, 18844819.
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Q.
Is difficulty falling asleep treated differently from difficulty staying asleep?
A.
Yes, difficulty falling asleep and difficulty staying asleep can be treated differently because they are different types of insomnia.
References:
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Lack LC, Gradisar M, Van Someren EJ, Wright HR, & Lushington K. (2008). The relationship between insomnia and body temperatures. Sleep medicine reviews, 18603220.
Q.
Should I use melatonin to recover from sleep deprivation?
A.
Melatonin might not be the best option for recovering from sleep deprivation, as it primarily helps with adjusting sleep cycles rather than addressing the effects of sleep debt.
References:
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What are the most common types of sleep disorders?
A.
The most common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy. These conditions can affect how well you sleep and how you feel during the day.
References:
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Q.
What causes delayed sleep phase disorder?
A.
Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) happens when a person's internal clock is out of sync, making them fall asleep and wake up much later than usual. This can be caused by genetics, lifestyle habits, or changes in the body's natural rhythms.
References:
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Wu A. (2023). Updates and confounding factors in delayed sleep-wake .... Sleep and biological rhythms, 37363638.
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Gradisar M, & Crowley SJ. (2013). Delayed sleep phase disorder in youth - PubMed - NIH. Current opinion in psychiatry, 24060912.
Q.
What happens during an overnight sleep study (polysomnography)?
A.
An overnight sleep study, or polysomnography, monitors your sleep patterns, breathing, and movements to help diagnose sleep disorders.
References:
Rundo JV, & Downey R 3rd. (2019). Polysomnography. Handbook of clinical neurology, 31277862.
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Markun LC, & Sampat A. (2020). Clinician-Focused Overview and Developments in .... Current sleep medicine reports, 33251088.
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Chesson AL Jr, Ferber RA, Fry JM, Grigg-Damberger M, Hartse KM, Hurwitz TD, et al. (1997). The indications for polysomnography and related procedures. Sleep, 9302726.
Q.
What is considered a sleep disorder, and how is it diagnosed?
A.
Sleep disorders are problems with sleeping, like trouble falling asleep or staying awake. They are diagnosed by doctors using special tests and looking at symptoms.
References:
Gauld C, Lopez R, Morin C, Geoffroy PA, Maquet J, Desvergnes P, et al. (2022). Symptom network analysis of the sleep disorders .... Journal of sleep research, 34269498.
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Sateia MJ. (2014). International classification of sleep disorders-third edition. Chest, 25367475.
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Gauld C, Lopez R, Philip P, Taillard J, Morin CM, Geoffroy PA, & Micoulaud-Franchi JA. (2022). A Systematic Review of Sleep-Wake Disorder Diagnostic .... Biomedicines, 35884924.
Q.
What tests are used to evaluate sleep disorders?
A.
To evaluate sleep disorders, doctors often use tests like polysomnography, which records brain waves and other body functions during sleep, and other specialized procedures to diagnose different sleep problems.
References:
Shelgikar AV, & Chervin R. (2013). Approach to and evaluation of sleep disorders. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 23385693.
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Chesson AL Jr, Ferber RA, Fry JM, Grigg-Damberger M, Hartse KM, Hurwitz TD, et al. (1997). The indications for polysomnography and related procedures. Sleep, 9302726.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9302726/
Markun LC, & Sampat A. (2020). Clinician-Focused Overview and Developments in .... Current sleep medicine reports, 33251088.
Q.
When should I see a doctor about my sleep difficulties?
A.
If sleep problems last a long time or affect your daily life, it's important to talk to a doctor.
References:
Kanjanawasee D, Poachanukoon O, Sriprasart T, Chirakalwasan N, Saiphoklang N, Athipongarporn A, et al. (2024). Chronic cough management: Practical guidelines and .... Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology, 39756065.
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Marchant JM, Chang AB, Kennedy E, King D, Perret JL, Schultz A, et al. (2024). Cough in Children and Adults: Diagnosis, Assessment and .... The Medical journal of Australia, 37982357.
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Häuser W, Ablin J, Perrot S, & Fitzcharles MA. (2017). practical guides from recent evidence-based guidelines. Polish archives of internal medicine, 28075425.
Q.
When should I see a doctor about suspected sleep deprivation?
A.
See a doctor about sleep deprivation if it affects your daily life or lasts a long time.
References:
Aikens JE, & Rouse ME. (2005). Help-seeking for insomnia among adult patients in primary .... The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 15994471.
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Torrens Darder I, Argüelles-Vázquez R, Lorente-Montalvo P, Torrens-Darder MDM, & Esteva M. (2021). Primary care is the frontline for help-seeking insomnia .... The European journal of general practice, 34633282.
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Rauch L, Schneider T, & Wendt C. (2024). Seeking professional help for sleep-related complaints. Frontiers in public health, 39703480.
Q.
Why do I crave sugar or carbs when I'm sleep-deprived?
A.
When you're sleep-deprived, your body makes more of a hormone that makes you feel hungry, especially for sugary and carb-rich foods.
References:
Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, Born J, & Schultes B. (2008). A single night of sleep deprivation increases ghrelin levels .... Journal of sleep research, 18564298.
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Greer SM, Goldstein AN, & Walker MP. (2013). The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human .... Nature communications, 23922121.
Q.
Why do some people wake up frequently during the night?
A.
People wake up at night for several reasons, including sleep disorders, menopause, and conditions like sleep apnea that can cause frequent urination.
References:
Pressman MR, Figueroa WG, Kendrick-Mohamed J, Greenspon LW, & Peterson DD. (1996). Nocturia. A rarely recognized symptom of sleep apnea and .... Archives of internal medicine, 8604961.
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Maki PM, Panay N, & Simon JA. (2024). Sleep disturbance associated with the menopause. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 38916279.
Q.
Why does stress make it hard to sleep, and lack of sleep increase stress?
A.
Stress can make it hard to sleep, and not getting enough sleep can make you feel more stressed. This happens because stress and sleep affect each other in a cycle that can be hard to break.
References:
Lo Martire V, Caruso D, Palagini L, Zoccoli G, & Bastianini S. (2020). Stress & sleep: A relationship lasting a lifetime. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 31491473.
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He M, Li Y, Chen M, Li H, Liang C, Chen Y, et al. (2024). Insomnia and stress: the mediating roles of frontoparietal .... Brain imaging and behavior, 39269599.
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Kalmbach DA, Anderson JR, & Drake CL. (2018). Stress Impact on Sleep: Pathogenic Sleep Reactivity & Insomnia. Journal of sleep research, 29797753.
Q.
Are there alternatives to CPAP for treating sleep apnea?
A.
Yes, oral appliances are an alternative to CPAP for treating sleep apnea.
References:
Doff MH, Hoekema A, Wijkstra PJ, van der Hoeven JH, Huddleston Slater JJ, de Bont LG, & Stegenga B. (2013). Oral appliance versus continuous positive airway pressure .... Sleep, 23997361.
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Ghosh P, Janakiram C, Nk SV, K S, & Vv A. (2025). Oral appliance therapy for the management of obstructive .... JBI evidence synthesis, 40159944.
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Medical Advisory Secretariat. (2009). Oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnea: an evidence- .... Ontario health technology assessment series, 23074535.
Q.
Can dentists help with sleep apnea using oral devices?
A.
Yes, dentists can help with sleep apnea using special mouthpieces called mandibular advancement devices.
References:
Manetta IP, Ettlin D, Sanz PM, Rocha I, & Meira E Cruz M. (2022). Mandibular advancement devices in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 35371398.
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Leibovitz S, Levi S, Hanut A, Yanko R, Sharav Y, & Haviv Y. (2025). Evaluating the effectiveness of mandibular advancement .... Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 39833552.
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Kostrzewa-Janicka J, Śliwiński P, Wojda M, Rolski D, & Mierzwińska-Nastalska E. (2017). Mandibular Advancement Appliance for Obstructive Sleep .... Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 27826882.
Q.
Can losing weight really help reduce sleep apnea symptoms?
A.
Yes, losing weight can help reduce symptoms of sleep apnea. Studies show that weight loss can lead to less severe sleep apnea and better breathing during sleep.
References:
Kuna ST, Reboussin DM, Strotmeyer ES, Millman RP, Zammit G, Walkup MP, et al. (2021). Effects of Weight Loss on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity .... American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 32721163.
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Anandam A, Akinnusi M, Kufel T, Porhomayon J, & El-Solh AA. (2013). Effects of dietary weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 22374151.
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Kuna ST, Reboussin DM, Borradaile KE, Sanders MH, Millman RP, Zammit G, et al. (2013). Long-term effect of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea .... Sleep, 23633746.
Q.
Can pregnancy increase the risk of sleep apnea?
A.
Yes, pregnancy can increase the risk of sleep apnea due to changes in the body that affect breathing.
References:
Dominguez JE, Krystal AD, & Habib AS. (2018). Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnant Women - PubMed - NIH. Anesthesia and analgesia, 29649034.
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Venkata C, & Venkateshiah SB. (2009). Sleep-disordered breathing during pregnancy. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 19264939.
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Carnelio S, Morton A, & McIntyre HD. (2017). Sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy: the maternal and .... Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 27924661.
Q.
Can sleep apnea be cured without using a machine?
A.
Sleep apnea can sometimes be improved without a machine using methods like weight loss, oral devices, or surgery, but it depends on the individual case.
References:
Verbraecken J, Dieltjens M, Op de Beeck S, Vroegop A, Braem M, Vanderveken O, & Randerath W. (2022). Non-CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea. Breathe (Sheffield, England), 36340820.
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Abid R, Zhang L, & Bhat A. (2024). Non-CPAP Therapies for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults. Missouri medicine, 39421466.
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Randerath WJ, Verbraecken J, Andreas S, Bettega G, Boudewyns A, Hamans E, et al. (2011). Non-CPAP therapies in obstructive sleep apnoea. The European respiratory journal, 21406515.
Q.
Can sleep apnea cause learning or behavioral problems in kids?
A.
Yes, sleep apnea can cause learning and behavior problems in kids.
References:
da Silva Gusmão Cardoso T, Pompéia S, & Miranda MC. (2018). Cognitive and behavioral effects of obstructive sleep apnea .... Sleep medicine, 29773210.
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Beebe DW, Wells CT, Jeffries J, Chini B, Kalra M, & Amin R. (2004). Neuropsychological effects of pediatric obstructive sleep .... Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 15803560.
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Trosman I, & Trosman SJ. (2017). Cognitive and Behavioral Consequences of Sleep .... Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 29194375.
Q.
Can sleep apnea cause memory loss or brain fog?
A.
Yes, sleep apnea can cause memory loss and brain fog due to poor sleep quality affecting brain function.
References:
Zhang X, Xu H, Yin S, Gozal D, & Khalyfa A. (2025). Obstructive sleep apnea and memory impairments. Sleep medicine reviews, 40286536.
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Gagnon K, Baril AA, Gagnon JF, Fortin M, Décary A, Lafond C, et al. (2014). Cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea. Pathologie-biologie, 25070768.
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Lal C, Strange C, & Bachman D. (2012). Neurocognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest, 22670023.
Q.
Can sleep apnea cause morning headaches?
A.
Yes, sleep apnea can cause morning headaches. This happens because breathing problems during sleep can reduce oxygen levels and increase carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
References:
Spałka J, Kędzia K, Kuczyński W, Kudrycka A, Małolepsza A, Białasiewicz P, & Mokros Ł. (2020). Morning Headache as an Obstructive Sleep Apnea .... Brain sciences, 31963788.
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Provini F, Vetrugno R, Lugaresi E, & Montagna P. (2006). Sleep-related breathing disorders and headache. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 16688620.
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Goksan B, Gunduz A, Karadeniz D, Ağan K, Tascilar FN, Tan F, et al. (2009). Morning headache in sleep apnoea: clinical and .... Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 19187338.
Q.
Can sleep apnea return after treatment or surgery?
A.
Yes, sleep apnea can come back after treatment or surgery, even if you don't gain weight.
References:
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Contencin P, Guilleminault C, & Manach Y. (2003). Long-term follow-up and mechanisms of obstructive sleep .... International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 14662182.
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Sato M, Suzuki M, Oshima T, Ogura M, Shimomura A, Suzuki H, et al. (2000). Long-term follow-up of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome .... The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 11249146.
Q.
Can sleep apnea worsen other health conditions?
A.
Yes, sleep apnea can make other health problems worse, like heart and lung issues, and can also be linked to conditions like diabetes.
References:
Gleeson M, & McNicholas WT. (2022). Bidirectional relationships of comorbidity with obstructive .... European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 35508332.
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Sircu V, Colesnic SI, Covantsev S, Corlateanu O, Sukhotko A, Popovici C, & Corlateanu A. (2023). The Burden of Comorbidities in Obstructive Sleep Apnea .... Clocks & sleep, 37366660.
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Harding SM. (2000). Complications and consequences of obstructive sleep apnea. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 11100957.
Q.
Can thin people also have sleep apnea?
A.
Yes, thin people can have sleep apnea. It is not only a condition seen in people who are overweight.
References:
Antonaglia C, & Passuti G. (2022). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in non-obese patients. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 34324126.
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Gray EL, McKenzie DK, & Eckert DJ. (2017). Obstructive Sleep Apnea without Obesity Is Common and .... Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 27655455.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27655455/
Dacal Quintas R, Tumbeiro Novoa M, Alves Pérez MT, Santalla Martínez ML, Acuña Fernández A, & Marcos Velázquez P. (2013). Obstructive sleep apnea in normal weight patients. Archivos de bronconeumologia, 23871526.
Q.
Can untreated sleep apnea increase your risk of stroke or diabetes?
A.
Yes, untreated sleep apnea can increase your risk of stroke and diabetes.
References:
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Morsy NE, Farrag NS, Zaki NFW, Badawy AY, Abdelhafez SA, El-Gilany AH, et al. (2019). Obstructive sleep apnea: personal, societal, public health, .... Reviews on environmental health, 31085749.
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Rasool G, Alenezi WH, Alanazi RMS, Almadai HA, & Alsharif NN. (2024). Knowledge of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among the .... Cureus, 38304649.
Q.
How can sleep apnea affect your heart and blood pressure?
A.
Sleep apnea can make your heart work harder and increase your blood pressure, which is not good for your heart health.
References:
Henning RJ, & Anderson WM. (2025). Sleep apnea is a common and dangerous cardiovascular .... Current problems in cardiology, 39242062.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39242062/
Rajachandran M, Nickel N, & Lange RA. (2023). Sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk. Current opinion in cardiology, 37382140.
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Dredla BK, & Castillo PR. (2019). Cardiovascular Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Current cardiology reports, 31707504.
Q.
How can you tell if your partner might have sleep apnea?
A.
If your partner snores loudly and seems tired during the day, they might have sleep apnea.
References:
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Smith AK, Togeiro SM, Tufik S, & Roizenblatt S. (2009). Disturbed sleep and musculoskeletal pain in the bed .... Sleep medicine, 19303357.
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Punjabi NM. (2008). The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea - PubMed. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 18250205.
Q.
How does alcohol or smoking affect sleep apnea?
A.
Drinking alcohol and smoking can make sleep apnea worse by increasing snoring and breathing problems during sleep.
References:
Burgos-Sanchez C, Jones NN, Avillion M, Gibson SJ, Patel JA, Neighbors J, et al. (2020). Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Snoring and Sleep Apnea. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 32513091.
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Gunes FE, Agan K, Aktac S, Karadeniz D, Sunter G, Vural E, & Benbir-Senel G. (2024). Assessment of Impact of Dietary Patterns on Obstructive .... Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 38545237.
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Bjorvatn B, Rajakulendren N, Lehmann S, & Pallesen S. (2018). Increased severity of obstructive sleep apnea is associated .... Journal of sleep research, 29193447.
Q.
How does sleep apnea impact daytime fatigue and concentration?
A.
Sleep apnea can make you feel very tired during the day and can make it harder to focus and think clearly.
References:
Gagnon K, Baril AA, Gagnon JF, Fortin M, Décary A, Lafond C, et al. (2014). Cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea. Pathologie-biologie, 25070768.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25070768/
Jackson ML, Howard ME, & Barnes M. (2011). Cognition and daytime functioning in sleep-related .... Progress in brain research, 21531244.
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Cheshire K, Engleman H, Deary I, Shapiro C, & Douglas NJ. (1992). Factors impairing daytime performance in patients with .... Archives of internal medicine, 1546916.
Q.
How is CPAP therapy used to treat sleep apnea?
A.
CPAP therapy helps people with sleep apnea breathe better at night by using a machine that gently blows air into their nose and mouth.
References:
Schwab RJ, Badr SM, Epstein LJ, Gay PC, Gozal D, Kohler M, et al. (2013). continuous positive airway pressure adherence tracking .... American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 23992588.
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Kushida CA, Chediak A, Berry RB, Brown LK, Gozal D, Iber C, et al. (2008). Clinical guidelines for the manual titration of positive .... Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 18468315.
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Kushida CA, Littner MR, Hirshkowitz M, Morgenthaler TI, Alessi CA, Bailey D, et al. (2006). Practice parameters for the use of continuous and bilevel .... Sleep, 16553024.
Q.
How is sleep apnea diagnosed in a sleep study?
A.
Sleep apnea is diagnosed using sleep studies, either at home or in a lab, to monitor breathing and other body functions during sleep.
References:
Hung CJ, Kang BH, Lin YS, & Su HH. (2022). Comparison of a home sleep test with in-laboratory .... Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 35507020.
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Zancanella E, do Prado LF, de Carvalho LB, Machado Júnior AJ, Crespo AN, & do Prado GF. (2022). Home sleep apnea testing: an accuracy study. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 33837916.
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Green A, Nagel N, Kemer L, & Dagan Y. (2022). Comparing in-lab full polysomnography for diagnosing .... Sleep and biological rhythms, 35309258.
Q.
How is sleep apnea linked to acid reflux or GERD?
A.
Sleep apnea and acid reflux, or GERD, are linked because both can make each other worse, especially at night. This happens because sleep apnea can change how the body works during sleep, leading to more acid reaching the throat.
References:
Zhu Q, Hua L, Chen L, Mu T, Dong D, Xu J, & Shen C. (2023). A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Frontiers in genetics, 37091806.
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Shibli F, Skeans J, Yamasaki T, & Fass R. (2020). Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and .... Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 32657961.
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Q.
Is snoring always a sign of sleep apnea?
A.
Snoring is not always a sign of sleep apnea. While snoring can be a symptom of sleep apnea, many people snore without having this condition.
References:
Peter JH, Amend G, Faust M, Meinzer K, Penzel T, Schneider H, et al. (1989). [Snoring and sleep apnea syndrome]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2669355.
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De Meyer MMD, Jacquet W, Vanderveken OM, & Marks LAM. (2019). Systematic review of the different aspects of primary snoring. Sleep medicine reviews, 30978609.
Q.
What are the early warning signs of sleep apnea?
A.
The early warning signs of sleep apnea include loud snoring, choking or gasping during sleep, and feeling very tired during the day.
References:
Prisant LM, Dillard TA, & Blanchard AR. (2006). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 17028491.
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Q.
What are the signs of sleep apnea in children?
A.
Signs of sleep apnea in children include loud snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep, and daytime sleepiness or behavioral problems.
References:
Rosen CL. (1996). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children. Sleep, 9085530.
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Bower CM, & Gungor A. (2000). Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America, 10637344.
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Guilleminault C, & Pelayo R. (1998). Sleep-disordered breathing in children. Annals of medicine, 9783833.
Q.
What happens if sleep apnea is left untreated for years?
A.
If sleep apnea is left untreated, it can lead to serious health problems like heart disease, high blood pressure, and daytime sleepiness.
References:
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Morsy NE, Farrag NS, Zaki NFW, Badawy AY, Abdelhafez SA, El-Gilany AH, et al. (2019). Obstructive sleep apnea: personal, societal, public health, .... Reviews on environmental health, 31085749.
Q.
What happents to your body when you stop breathing during sleep?
A.
When you stop breathing during sleep, your body doesn’t get enough oxygen, which can cause you to wake up and feel tired.
References:
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Q.
What is positional sleep apnea, and how can sleeping posture help?
A.
Positional sleep apnea happens when breathing stops during sleep because of the way someone is lying. Changing sleeping positions, like avoiding sleeping on the back, can help reduce this problem.
References:
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Q.
Why does obesity increase the risk of sleep apnea?
A.
Obesity increases the risk of sleep apnea because extra body weight can press on the airways, making it harder to breathe during sleep.
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Q.
Can antidepressants cause dependence?
A.
Antidepressants do not cause addiction, but some people might experience withdrawal symptoms when stopping them. See below to understand more.
References:
Haddad P. (1999). Do antidepressants have any potential to cause addiction?. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 10512092.
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Lichtigfeld FJ, & Gillman MA. (1998). Antidepressants are not drugs of abuse or dependence. Postgraduate medical journal, 10211325.
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Q.
Can sleeping pills cause memory problems?
A.
Sleeping pills can sometimes cause memory issues, especially if used frequently or in high doses. See below to understand more.
References:
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Wagner J, & Wagner ML. (2000). Non-benzodiazepines for the treatment of insomnia. Sleep medicine reviews, 12531036.
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Q.
Is it safe to stop antidepressants suddenly?
A.
It is not safe to stop antidepressants suddenly because it can cause withdrawal symptoms. It's important to gradually reduce the dose under a doctor's guidance. See below to understand more.
References:
Horowitz MA, & Taylor D. (2019). Tapering of SSRI treatment to mitigate withdrawal symptoms. The lancet. Psychiatry, 30850328.
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Bschor T, Bonnet U, Pitzer M, Baethge C, Lieb K, Gertz HJ, & Müller-Oerlinghausen B. (2022). withdrawal symptoms and rebound effects : Review and .... Der Nervenarzt, 34978577.
Q.
What is the difference between benzodiazepines and sleeping pills?
A.
Benzodiazepines and sleeping pills like z-hypnotics both help with sleep, but they work differently in the brain and may have different safety and side effect profiles. See below to understand more.
References:
Mellingsaeter TC, Bramness JG, & Slørdal L. (2006). [Are z-hypnotics better and safer sleeping pills than .... Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 17117195.
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Terzano MG, Rossi M, Palomba V, Smerieri A, & Parrino L. (2003). comparative tolerability of zopiclone, zolpidem and zaleplon. Drug safety, 12608888.
Q.
Why do antidepressants take weeks to work?
A.
Antidepressants take weeks to work because they need time to change the brain's chemistry and affect mood and behavior. See below to understand more.
References:
Harmer CJ, Goodwin GM, & Cowen PJ. (2009). Why do antidepressants take so long to work? A cognitive .... The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 19648538.
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Derivan AT. (1995). Antidepressants: can we determine how quickly they work? .... Psychopharmacology bulletin, 7675984.
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Q.
How common is sleep apnea and who is most at risk?
A.
Sleep apnea is a common condition where breathing stops and starts during sleep. People who are overweight, older, or have certain physical traits are more likely to have it.
References:
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Q.
How does ADHD affect sleep and what sleep disorders are common with ADHD?
A.
ADHD can make it hard to sleep, and people with ADHD often have sleep disorders like insomnia and restless legs syndrome.
References:
Hvolby A. (2015). Associations of sleep disturbance with ADHD: implications .... Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, 25127644.
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Q.
How does pregnancy affect restless leg syndrome and what are the safe treatments?
A.
Pregnancy can worsen restless legs syndrome, but there are safe treatments available to help manage it.
References:
Prosperetti C, & Manconi M. (2015). Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease and .... Sleep medicine clinics, 26329442.
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Jahani Kondori M, Kolla BP, Moore KM, & Mansukhani MP. (2020). Management of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy .... Journal of primary care & community health, 32054396.
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Garbazza C, & Manconi M. (2018). Management Strategies for Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis .... Sleep medicine clinics, 30098751.
Q.
How does restless leg syndrome affect sleep quality and daily life?
A.
Restless leg syndrome can make it hard to sleep and can cause fatigue during the day, affecting daily activities.
References:
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Gossard TR, Trotti LM, Videnovic A, & St Louis EK. (2021). Restless Legs Syndrome: Contemporary Diagnosis and .... Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 33880737.
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Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J, Hening W, Myers A, Bell TJ, & Ferini-Strambi L. (2005). Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact. Archives of internal medicine, 15956009.
Q.
How does shift work sleep disorder impact health and what are the treatments?
A.
Shift work sleep disorder can make you feel really tired and affect your health. There are treatments like changing sleep habits and using light therapy or medicine to help.
References:
Moreno CRC. (2025). Shift work sleep disorder. Handbook of clinical neurology, 39864934.
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Q.
How does sleep apnea affect life expectancy and overall health?
A.
Sleep apnea can lower life expectancy and affect health by increasing the risk of other health problems, but treatment can help improve outcomes.
References:
Chaouat A. (2003). [Mortality in treated sleep apnea syndrome]. Revue neurologique, 14646808.
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Agrawal R, Sharafkhaneh A, Gottlieb DJ, Nowakowski S, & Razjouyan J. (2023). Mortality Patterns Associated with Central Sleep Apnea .... Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 36375082.
Q.
How effective is a jaw strap for treating sleep apnea?
A.
Jaw straps might help with sleep apnea, but they are not the best solution for everyone. It's important to talk to a doctor to find the right treatment.
References:
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Freiser ME, Schell AE, & Soose RJ. (2020). DISE-PAP: a method for troubleshooting residual AHI .... Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 32003733.
Q.
How effective is a snoring mouthpiece in reducing snoring?
A.
Snoring mouthpieces, also known as mandibular advancement devices, are generally effective in reducing snoring for many users.
References:
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Lindman R, & Bondemark L. (2001). A review of oral devices in the treatment of habitual snoring .... Swedish dental journal, 11392605.
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Demko BG. (2018). The Evolution of Oral Appliance Therapy for Snoring and .... Sleep medicine clinics, 30396442.
Q.
How is sleep apnea rated for disability benefits and what factors are considered?
A.
Sleep apnea can affect work ability and may be considered for disability benefits. Factors like how severe the apnea is and how it affects daily life are important.
References:
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Sjösten N, Vahtera J, Salo P, Oksanen T, Saaresranta T, Virtanen M, et al. (2009). Increased risk of lost workdays prior to the diagnosis of .... Chest, 19318680.
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Rod NH, Kjeldgård L, Åkerstedt T, Ferrie JE, Salo P, Vahtera J, & Alexanderson K. (2017). Sleep Apnea, Disability Pensions, and Cause-Specific .... American journal of epidemiology, 28520881.
Q.
How should I interpret my sleep apnea test results and what do they mean?
A.
Sleep apnea test results show how often you stop breathing at night. The results help doctors understand if you have sleep apnea and how severe it is.
References:
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Rundo JV. (2019). Obstructive sleep apnea basics. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 31509498.
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Q.
Is it normal to have nightmares every night and when should I seek help?
A.
Having nightmares every night might not be normal, especially if they cause distress or affect daily life. If this happens, it's a good idea to seek help from a healthcare professional.
References:
Krakow B, Schrader R, Tandberg D, Hollifield M, Koss MP, Yau CL, & Cheng DT. (2002). Nightmare frequency in sexual assault survivors with PTSD. Journal of anxiety disorders, 12194543.
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Liu X, Chen H, Bo QG, Fan F, & Jia CX. (2017). Poor sleep quality and nightmares are associated with non .... European child & adolescent psychiatry, 27383464.
Q.
Is sleep apnea genetic and what are the hereditary risk factors?
A.
Sleep apnea can be influenced by genetics, and having family members with the condition can increase your risk.
References:
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Redline S, & Tishler PV. (2000). The genetics of sleep apnea. Sleep medicine reviews, 12531037.
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Q.
What are common reasons for being unable to sleep after surgery and how can it be addressed?
A.
Trouble sleeping after surgery can be due to pain, stress, or changes in sleep patterns. Addressing these issues might involve managing pain, creating a calming sleep environment, and seeking support for emotional health.
References:
Bakry AM, Abdelmohty H, Badawy AE, Shorbagy MS, & Eldib OS. (2022). The overlooked side after open heart surgery in adults. Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals, 34111966.
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Gögenur I, Middleton B, Burgdorf S, Rasmussen LS, Skene DJ, & Rosenberg J. (2007). Impact of sleep and circadian disturbances in urinary 6 .... Journal of pineal research, 17645696.
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Shulman BS, Liporace FA, Davidovitch RI, Karia R, & Egol KA. (2015). Sleep disturbance after fracture is related to emotional well .... Journal of orthopaedic trauma, 25072285.
Q.
What are common reasons for waking up in the middle of the night?
A.
Waking up in the middle of the night can be caused by stress, medical conditions, or disturbances in sleep patterns.
References:
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Ohayon MM. (2010). Nocturnal awakenings and difficulty resuming sleep. Journal of psychosomatic research, 21109044.
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Ohayon MM. (2008). Nocturnal awakenings and comorbid disorders in the .... Journal of psychiatric research, 18374943.
Q.
What are common sleep disorders in adults and how can they be treated?
A.
Common sleep disorders in adults include insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome, which can be treated with lifestyle changes, medications, or therapies.
References:
Holder S, & Narula NS. (2022). Common Sleep Disorders in Adults: Diagnosis and .... American family physician, 35426627.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35426627/
Jaqua EE, Hanna M, Labib W, Moore C, & Matossian V. (2023). Common Sleep Disorders Affecting Older Adults. The Permanente journal, 36503403.
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Bloom HG, Ahmed I, Alessi CA, Ancoli-Israel S, Buysse DJ, Kryger MH, et al. (2009). Evidence-based recommendations for the assessment and .... Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 19484833.
Q.
What are common sleep disorders in children and how are they treated?
A.
Common sleep disorders in children include insomnia, sleep apnea, and night terrors, often treated with behavioral changes and sometimes medication.
References:
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Carter KA, Hathaway NE, & Lettieri CF. (2014). Common sleep disorders in children. American family physician, 24695508.
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Shelton AR. (2023). Sleep Disorders in Childhood. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 37590830.
Q.
What are sleep-wake disorders and how are they diagnosed?
A.
Sleep-wake disorders affect when you sleep and wake up. They are diagnosed by looking at your sleep patterns and sometimes using special tests.
References:
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Steele TA, St Louis EK, Videnovic A, & Auger RR. (2021). Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: a Contemporary .... Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 33844152.
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Abbott SM, Reid KJ, & Zee PC. (2015). Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 26600110.
Q.
What are the 5 main types of sleep disorders and their characteristics?
A.
The five main types of sleep disorders are insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and circadian rhythm disorders. Each affects sleep differently, from trouble falling asleep to issues with staying awake during the day.
References:
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Sateia MJ. (2014). International classification of sleep disorders-third edition. Chest, 25367475.
Q.
What are the common causes of an inability to sleep and how can it be treated?
A.
Trouble sleeping, called insomnia, can be caused by stress, poor sleep habits, or medical problems. It can be improved with good sleep routines, relaxation, and sometimes medicine.
References:
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Lareau SC, & Bonnet MH. (1985). Sleep disorders: insomnias. The Nurse practitioner, 4047525.
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Hauri PJ, & Esther MS. (1990). Insomnia. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2195248.
Q.
What are the common causes of insomnia and how can it be treated?
A.
Insomnia can be caused by stress, poor sleep habits, or medical conditions, and it can often be treated with lifestyle changes, therapy, or medication.
References:
Sutton EL. (2021). Insomnia. Annals of internal medicine, 33683929.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33683929/
Perlis ML, Posner D, Riemann D, Bastien CH, Teel J, & Thase M. (2022). Insomnia. Lancet (London, England), 36115372.
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Matheson EM, Brown BD, & DeCastro AO. (2024). Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults. American family physician, 38393799.
Q.
What are the different types of bad dreams and their causes?
A.
Bad dreams include nightmares and are often caused by anxiety or stress, but they can also be part of a sleep disorder or linked to emotional experiences.
References:
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Zadra A, Pilon M, & Donderi DC. (2006). Variety and intensity of emotions in nightmares and bad .... The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 16614545.
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Abdul-Razzak KK, & Alkhatatbeh MJ. (2021). Nightmares and bad dreams among individuals with .... Research in psychotherapy (Milano), 34568104.
Q.
What are the most common sleep disorders and how are they diagnosed?
A.
Common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome, diagnosed through medical history, sleep studies, and sometimes questionnaires.
References:
K Pavlova M, & Latreille V. (2019). Sleep Disorders. The American journal of medicine, 30292731.
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35426627/
Sateia MJ. (2014). International classification of sleep disorders-third edition. Chest, 25367475.
Q.
What are the potential causes of being unable to sleep through the night?
A.
Not being able to sleep through the night can be caused by changes in hormones, body temperature, and other factors like stress or lifestyle habits.
References:
Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Lin HM, Prolo P, Mastorakos G, Vela-Bueno A, et al. (2001). Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral .... The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 11502812.
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Lack LC, Gradisar M, Van Someren EJ, Wright HR, & Lushington K. (2008). The relationship between insomnia and body temperatures. Sleep medicine reviews, 18603220.
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Fatovich B, Winkler RC, & James R. (1983). 'Doctor I can't sleep at night'. Australian family physician, 6667178.
Q.
What are the psychological and physiological causes of bad dreams?
A.
Bad dreams can be caused by psychological factors like trauma and stress, as well as changes during adolescence. Early trauma can also play a role in nightmares.
References:
Hartmann E. (1998). Nightmare after trauma as paradigm for all dreams. Psychiatry, 9823032.
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Nielsen TA, Laberge L, Paquet J, Tremblay RE, Vitaro F, & Montplaisir J. (2000). Development of disturbing dreams during adolescence .... Sleep, 11007439.
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Arvanitakis K, Jodoin RM, Lester EP, Lussier A, & Robertson BM. (1993). Early sexual abuse and nightmares in the analysis of adults. The Psychoanalytic quarterly, 8284332.
Q.
What are the reasons for waking up hungry in the middle of the night?
A.
Waking up hungry at night can be linked to sleep habits.
References:
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McAlpine T, Mullan B, & Clarke PJF. (2024). Re-considering the Role of Sleep Hygiene Behaviours in .... International journal of behavioral medicine, 37672195.
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Leidy HJ, Tang M, Armstrong CL, Martin CB, & Campbell WW. (2011). The effects of consuming frequent, higher protein meals on .... Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 20847729.
Q.
What are the sensations associated with restless leg syndrome?
A.
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs, often described as burning, itching, or tingling.
References:
Karroum EG, Golmard JL, Leu-Semenescu S, & Arnulf I. (2012). Sensations in restless legs syndrome. Sleep medicine, 22296915.
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Karroum EG, Golmard JL, Leu-Semenescu S, & Arnulf I. (2015). Painful restless legs syndrome: a severe, burning form .... The Clinical journal of pain, 25167326.
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Page RL 2nd, Ruscin JM, Bainbridge JL, & Brieke AA. (2008). Restless legs syndrome induced by escitalopram. Pharmacotherapy, 18225972.
Q.
What are the signs and symptoms of sleep apnea in kids?
A.
Sleep apnea in kids can cause loud snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep, and daytime sleepiness. It may also lead to behavior problems and trouble paying attention.
References:
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Q.
What are the specific symptoms of sleep apnea in men?
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Men with sleep apnea often experience loud snoring, gasping for air during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness.
References:
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Q.
What are the symptoms of central sleep apnea and how is it different from obstructive sleep apnea?
A.
Central sleep apnea is when your brain doesn't send the right signals to help you breathe during sleep, while obstructive sleep apnea is when something blocks your airway. Symptoms can include pauses in breathing, waking up often, and feeling tired during the day.
References:
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Q.
What are the symptoms of mild sleep apnea and how is it treated?
A.
Mild sleep apnea can cause snoring, tiredness during the day, and trouble focusing. Treatment often includes lifestyle changes, like losing weight or sleeping on your side, and sometimes using a CPAP machine.
References:
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Victor LD. (2004). Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in primary care. American family physician, 14971838.
Q.
What are the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea and how is it diagnosed?
A.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes loud snoring, daytime tiredness, and breathing pauses during sleep. It is diagnosed using a sleep study, which monitors breathing and other body functions while you sleep.
References:
Patel SR. (2019). Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Annals of internal medicine, 31791057.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31791057/
Stansbury RC, & Strollo PJ. (2015). Clinical manifestations of sleep apnea. Journal of thoracic disease, 26543619.
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Prisant LM, Dillard TA, & Blanchard AR. (2006). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 17028491.
Q.
What are the treatment options available for various sleep disorders?
A.
Sleep disorders can be treated with lifestyle changes, medications, and therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy. Each treatment depends on the specific sleep disorder a person has.
References:
Ramar K, & Olson EJ. (2013). Management of common sleep disorders. American family physician, 23944726.
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Pagel JF, & Parnes BL. (2001). Medications for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry, 15014609.
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Holder S, & Narula NS. (2022). Common Sleep Disorders in Adults: Diagnosis and .... American family physician, 35426627.
Q.
What are the typical symptoms of sleep apnea and when should I see a doctor?
A.
Sleep apnea often causes loud snoring, daytime tiredness, and trouble staying asleep. See a doctor if these symptoms affect your daily life.
References:
Stansbury RC, & Strollo PJ. (2015). Clinical manifestations of sleep apnea. Journal of thoracic disease, 26543619.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26543619/
Kimoff RJ. (2015). When to Suspect Sleep Apnea and What to Do About It. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 26112305.
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Patel SR. (2019). Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Annals of internal medicine, 31791057.
Q.
What are the underlying causes of restless leg syndrome?
A.
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) can be caused by problems in how the brain uses iron and also how the brain processes dopamine, a chemical that helps control movement.
References:
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Gossard TR, Trotti LM, Videnovic A, & St Louis EK. (2021). Restless Legs Syndrome: Contemporary Diagnosis and .... Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 33880737.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33880737/
Satija P, & Ondo WG. (2008). Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and .... CNS drugs, 18484792.
Q.
What can cause waking up with heartburn in the middle of the night and how can it be managed?
A.
Waking up with heartburn at night can be caused by eating too close to bedtime. To manage it, try eating earlier and consider medications like pantoprazole.
References:
Kindt S, Imschoot J, & Tack J. (2011). Prevalence of and impact of pantoprazole on nocturnal .... Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus, 21418126.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21418126/
Fujiwara Y, Machida A, Watanabe Y, Shiba M, Tominaga K, Watanabe T, et al. (2005). Association between dinner-to-bed time and gastro .... The American journal of gastroenterology, 16393212.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16393212/
Gallagher R, Lynch F, Paul G, Petkovski D, Kandl B, Lang S, et al. (2008). Chest symptoms following coronary stenting in the first 10 .... European journal of cardiovascular nursing, 17888741.
Q.
What causes excessive daytime sleepiness in the elderly and how is it treated?
A.
Excessive daytime sleepiness in the elderly can be caused by poor sleep at night, medications, or medical conditions, and is treated by addressing these underlying issues.
References:
Zalai D, Bingeliene A, & Shapiro C. (2017). Sleepiness in the Elderly. Sleep medicine clinics, 28778240.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28778240/
Pack AI, Dinges DF, Gehrman PR, Staley B, Pack FM, & Maislin G. (2006). Risk factors for excessive sleepiness in older adults. Annals of neurology, 16718691.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16718691/
Happe S. (2003). Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances in .... Drugs, 14664652.
Q.
What conditions can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness and how can it be managed?
A.
Excessive daytime sleepiness can be caused by conditions like sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and poor sleep habits. Managing it involves treating the underlying condition and improving sleep hygiene.
References:
Gandhi KD, Mansukhani MP, Silber MH, & Kolla BP. (2021). Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Clinical Review. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 33840518.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33840518/
Bittencourt LR, Silva RS, Santos RF, Pires ML, & Mello MT. (2005). [Excessive daytime sleepiness]. Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 16082450.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16082450/
Pérez-Carbonell L, Mignot E, Leschziner G, & Dauvilliers Y. (2022). Understanding and approaching excessive daytime .... Lancet (London, England), 36115367.
Q.
What could be causing bad dreams every night and how can they be stopped?
A.
Bad dreams can be caused by stress, mental health issues, or conditions like ADHD. Reducing stress and seeking help for mental health problems may help stop them.
References:
Schredl M, Bumb JM, Alm B, & Sobanski E. (2017). Nightmare frequency in adults with attention-deficit .... European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 26975614.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26975614/
Abdul-Razzak KK, & Alkhatatbeh MJ. (2021). Nightmares and bad dreams among individuals with .... Research in psychotherapy (Milano), 34568104.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34568104/
Garcia O, Slavish DC, Dietch JR, Messman BA, Contractor AA, Haynes PL, et al. (2021). Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated .... Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 33749112.
Q.
What could be the meaning of having bad dreams every night?
A.
Having bad dreams every night can be linked to stress, poor sleep quality, and emotional challenges. These nightmares might be a sign that something is bothering you or that you're not sleeping well.
References:
Zadra A, Pilon M, & Donderi DC. (2006). Variety and intensity of emotions in nightmares and bad .... The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 16614545.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16614545/
Liu X, Chen H, Bo QG, Fan F, & Jia CX. (2017). Poor sleep quality and nightmares are associated with non .... European child & adolescent psychiatry, 27383464.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27383464/
Garcia O, Slavish DC, Dietch JR, Messman BA, Contractor AA, Haynes PL, et al. (2021). Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated .... Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 33749112.
Q.
What could be the reasons why I can't sleep and how can I address them?
A.
Trouble sleeping can be caused by various factors, including sleep-wake rhythm disorders and anxiety.
References:
Okawa M, Mishima K, Nanami T, Shimizu T, Iijima S, Hishikawa Y, & Takahashi K. (1990). Vitamin B12 treatment for sleep-wake rhythm disorders. Sleep, 2305167.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2305167/
Mao X, Zhang F, Wei C, Li Z, Huang C, Sun Z, et al. (2023). The impact of insomnia on anxiety and depression. BMC psychiatry, 37226120.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37226120/
Chellappa SL, & Aeschbach D. (2022). Sleep and anxiety: From mechanisms to interventions. Sleep medicine reviews, 34979437.
Q.
What does the number of sleep apnea events per hour indicate about severity?
A.
The number of sleep apnea events per hour helps determine how severe sleep apnea is, with more events indicating more severe conditions.
References:
De Backer W. (2013). Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Panminerva medica, 23676959.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23676959/
Malhotra A, Ayappa I, Ayas N, Collop N, Kirsch D, Mcardle N, et al. (2021). Metrics of sleep apnea severity: beyond the .... Sleep, 33693939.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33693939/
Kulkas A, Tiihonen P, Eskola K, Julkunen P, Mervaala E, & Töyräs J. (2013). Novel parameters for evaluating severity of sleep .... Journal of medical engineering & technology, 23360196.
Q.
What is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder and how is it treated?
A.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are problems with the sleep-wake cycle, making it hard to sleep at normal times. Treatments include light therapy, melatonin, and good sleep habits.
References:
Steele TA, St Louis EK, Videnovic A, & Auger RR. (2021). Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: a Contemporary .... Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 33844152.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33844152/
Barion A, & Zee PC. (2007). A clinical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep medicine, 17395535.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17395535/
Sun SY, & Chen GH. (2022). Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. Current neuropharmacology, 34493186.
Q.
What is excessive daytime sleepiness disorder and how is it diagnosed?
A.
Excessive daytime sleepiness is a condition where a person feels very sleepy during the day, even after a good night's sleep. It is diagnosed by a doctor who will ask questions about sleep habits and may do special sleep tests.
References:
Gandhi KD, Mansukhani MP, Silber MH, & Kolla BP. (2021). Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Clinical Review. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 33840518.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33840518/
Pérez-Carbonell L, Mignot E, Leschziner G, & Dauvilliers Y. (2022). Understanding and approaching excessive daytime .... Lancet (London, England), 36115367.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36115367/
Pagel JF. (2009). Excessive daytime sleepiness. American family physician, 19275068.
Q.
What is fatal familial insomnia and how does it affect individuals?
A.
Fatal familial insomnia is a rare genetic disorder that causes severe sleep problems and eventually leads to death. It affects the brain and results in symptoms like trouble sleeping, confusion, and memory loss.
References:
Gallassi R, Morreale A, Montagna P, Cortelli P, Avoni P, Castellani R, et al. (1996). Fatal familial insomnia: behavioral and cognitive features. Neurology, 8780067.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8780067/
Cortelli P, Gambetti P, Montagna P, & Lugaresi E. (1999). Fatal familial insomnia: clinical features and molecular .... Journal of sleep research, 10389103.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10389103/
Rossi G, Macchi G, Porro M, Giaccone G, Bugiani M, Scarpini E, et al. (1998). Fatal familial insomnia: genetic, neuropathologic, and .... Neurology, 9521257.
Q.
What is RBD sleep disorder and what are its symptoms?
A.
RBD sleep disorder is a condition where people act out their dreams during REM sleep, often with movements or sounds. Symptoms include talking, shouting, or moving violently while asleep.
References:
Dauvilliers Y, Schenck CH, Postuma RB, Iranzo A, Luppi PH, Plazzi G, et al. (2018). REM sleep behaviour disorder. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 30166532.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30166532/
Sobreira-Neto MA, Stelzer FG, Gitaí LLG, Alves RC, Eckeli AL, & Schenck CH. (2023). REM sleep behavior disorder: update on diagnosis and .... Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 38157884.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38157884/
Rodriguez CL, Jaimchariyatam N, & Budur K. (2017). Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Review .... Chest, 28322726.
Q.
What is REM sleep disorder and how does it affect sleep quality?
A.
REM sleep disorder makes people act out their dreams while sleeping, which can lead to poor sleep and possible injury.
References:
Dauvilliers Y, Schenck CH, Postuma RB, Iranzo A, Luppi PH, Plazzi G, et al. (2018). REM sleep behaviour disorder. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 30166532.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30166532/
Sobreira-Neto MA, Stelzer FG, Gitaí LLG, Alves RC, Eckeli AL, & Schenck CH. (2023). REM sleep behavior disorder: update on diagnosis and .... Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 38157884.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38157884/
Rodriguez CL, Jaimchariyatam N, & Budur K. (2017). Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Review .... Chest, 28322726.
Q.
What is sleep disordered breathing and how is it treated?
A.
Sleep disordered breathing is when a person has trouble breathing while sleeping, like snoring or stopping breathing for a bit. It can be treated with lifestyle changes, devices to help with breathing, or sometimes surgery.
References:
Foldvary-Schaefer NR, & Waters TE. (2017). Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 28777178.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28777178/
Panossian L, & Daley J. (2013). Sleep-disordered breathing. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 23385696.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23385696/
Mohammadieh A, Sutherland K, & Cistulli PA. (2017). Sleep disordered breathing: management update. Internal medicine journal, 29105265.
Q.
What is sleep terror disorder and how is it managed?
A.
Sleep terror disorder involves episodes of intense fear during sleep, mostly affecting children. It is managed by ensuring a safe environment and sometimes using medications if needed.
References:
DiMario FJ Jr, & Emery ES 3rd. (1987). The natural history of night terrors. Clinical pediatrics, 3652596.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3652596/
Irfan M. (2024). Sleep Terrors. Sleep medicine clinics, 38368070.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38368070/
Gigliotti F, Esposito D, Basile C, Cesario S, & Bruni O. (2022). Sleep terrors-A parental nightmare. Pediatric pulmonology, 33647192.
Q.
What is the definition of insomnia and how is it diagnosed?
A.
Insomnia is when someone has trouble falling or staying asleep. It is diagnosed by looking at sleep patterns and how it affects daily life.
References:
Sutton EL. (2021). Insomnia. Annals of internal medicine, 33683929.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33683929/
Ohayon MM. (2002). Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still .... Sleep medicine reviews, 12531146.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12531146/
Kayukawa Y, Kitajima T, Tomita S, & Okada T. (2009). [Primary insomnia]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 19768930.
Q.
What lifestyle changes can help an insomniac improve their sleep?
A.
Lifestyle changes like having a regular sleep schedule and reducing stress can help insomniacs sleep better.
References:
Fleming JA. (1993). The difficult to treat insomniac patient. Journal of psychosomatic research, 8445586.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8445586/
Bonnet MH, & Arand DL. (1995). 24-Hour metabolic rate in insomniacs and matched normal .... Sleep, 8552929.
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Navelet Y. (1989). [The child insomniac]. La Revue du praticien, 2919265.
Q.
What questions are typically included in a sleep apnea quiz to assess risk?
A.
A sleep apnea quiz often includes questions about snoring, daytime sleepiness, and observed breathing interruptions during sleep to assess risk.
References:
Kapoor M, & Greenough G. (2015). Home Sleep Tests for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 26152443.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26152443/
Rosen IM, Kirsch DB, Chervin RD, Carden KA, Ramar K, Aurora RN, et al. (2017). An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 28942762.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28942762/
Rosen IM, Kirsch DB, Carden KA, Malhotra RK, Ramar K, Aurora RN, et al. (2018). Clinical Use of a Home Sleep Apnea Test. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 30518456.
Q.
What quick solutions can help stop snoring immediately?
A.
To quickly stop snoring, try sleeping on your side and improving nasal breathing. Weight loss can also help over time.
References:
Braver HM, Block AJ, & Perri MG. (1995). Treatment for snoring. Combined weight loss, sleeping on .... Chest, 7750319.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7750319/
Fairbanks DN. (1989). Nonsurgical treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep .... Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2501744.
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Löth S, & Petruson B. (1996). Improved nasal breathing reduces snoring and morning .... Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, 8956746.
Q.
What services are provided by a sleep disorders institute?
A.
A sleep disorders institute helps people with sleep problems by providing diagnosis, treatment, and education about sleep issues.
References:
Chokroverty S. (2010). Overview of sleep & sleep disorders. The Indian journal of medical research, 20308738.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20308738/
Reynolds AC, Loffler KA, Grivell N, Brown BW, & Adams RJ. (2024). Diagnosis and management of sleep disorders in shift .... Sleep medicine, 38016359.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38016359/
Conway SG, Tufik S, Frussa Filho R, & Bittencourt LR. (2006). Repercussions of a sleep medicine outreach program. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 16906280.
Q.
What services does a sleep disorder center provide for diagnosis and treatment?
A.
Sleep disorder centers help diagnose and treat sleep problems by using tests and providing treatments like counseling and medication.
References:
Hauri PJ, Hayes B, Sateia M, Hellekson C, Percy L, & Olmstead E. (1982). Effectiveness of a sleep disorders center: a 9-month follow-up. The American journal of psychiatry, 7072857.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7072857/
Mahowald MW, Schenck CH, Rosen GM, & Hurwitz TD. (1992). The role of a sleep disorder center in evaluating .... Archives of neurology, 1596195.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1596195/
Mendelson WB. (1997). Experiences of a sleep disorders center: 1700 patients later. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 9014384.
Q.
What tests are used to diagnose excessive daytime sleepiness?
A.
To diagnose excessive daytime sleepiness, doctors use tests like the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and sometimes check for microsleep episodes.
References:
Taillard J, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Martin VP, Peter-Derex L, & Vecchierini MF. (2024). Objective evaluation of excessive daytime sleepiness. Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology, 38401239.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401239/
Tirunahari VL, Zaidi SA, Sharma R, Skurnick J, & Ashtyani H. (2003). Microsleep and sleepiness: a comparison of multiple sleep .... Sleep medicine, 14592362.
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Johns MW. (2000). Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple sleep latency test .... Journal of sleep research, 10733683.
Q.
When should I consult a sleep disorder doctor and what can I expect from the visit?
A.
Consult a sleep disorder doctor if you have trouble sleeping that affects your daily life. During the visit, the doctor will ask about your sleep habits and may do tests to find the cause.
References:
Bartlett DJ, Marshall NS, Williams A, & Grunstein RR. (2008). Predictors of primary medical care consultation for sleep .... Sleep medicine, 17980655.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17980655/
Bailes S, Baltzan M, Rizzo D, Fichten CS, Grad R, Wolkove N, et al. (2009). Sleep disorder symptoms are common and unspoken in .... Family practice, 19491151.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19491151/
Senthilvel E, Auckley D, & Dasarathy J. (2011). Evaluation of sleep disorders in the primary care setting. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 21344054.
Q.
When should I see a doctor for restless leg syndrome symptoms?
A.
See a doctor if your restless leg syndrome symptoms are severe, impact your daily life, or don't improve with self-care.
References:
Silber MH, Becker PM, Earley C, Garcia-Borreguero D, Ondo WG, & Medical Advisory Board of the Willis-Ekbom Disease Foundation. (2013). Willis-Ekbom Disease Foundation revised consensus .... Mayo Clinic proceedings, 24001490.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24001490/
Happe S, Vennemann M, Evers S, & Berger K. (2008). Treatment wish of individuals with known and unknown .... Journal of neurology, 18575924.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18575924/
Guinand S, Pedrazzini B, Heinzer R, Cornuz J, & Favrat B. (2013). [Doctor, I have pain and pins and needles in my legs at night]. Revue medicale suisse, 24383246.
Q.
Who is most likely to suffer from insomnia and what are the risk factors?
A.
Insomnia is more common in older adults, women, and those with stress or mental health issues. Risk factors include age, gender, stress, and health problems.
References:
Morin CM, & Jarrin DC. (2022). Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk .... Sleep medicine clinics, 35659072.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35659072/
Doghramji K. (2006). The epidemiology and diagnosis of insomnia. The American journal of managed care, 16686591.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16686591/
Bhaskar S, Hemavathy D, & Prasad S. (2016). Prevalence of chronic insomnia in adult patients and its .... Journal of family medicine and primary care, 28348990.
Q.
Why am I always tired even after getting a full night's sleep?
A.
Feeling tired even after a full night's sleep can be due to various reasons like persistent fatigue, depression, or neurological issues.
References:
Broddadóttir E, Flóvenz SÓ, Gylfason HF, Þormar Þ, Einarsson H, Salkovskis P, & Sigurðsson JF. (2021). "I'm So Tired": Fatigue as a Persistent Physical Symptom .... International journal of environmental research and public health, 34444405.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34444405/
Baldwin DS, & Papakostas GI. (2006). Symptoms of fatigue and sleepiness in major depressive .... The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 16848671.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848671/
Maestri M, Romigi A, Schirru A, Fabbrini M, Gori S, Bonuccelli U, & Bonanni E. (2020). Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue in neurological .... Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 31444679.
Q.
Why do I experience weird dreams every night and how can I address this?
A.
Weird dreams can be caused by certain medications or health issues. To address this, consider talking to a healthcare provider to explore possible causes and solutions.
References:
Yanto TA, Huang I, Kosasih FN, & Lugito NPH. (2018). Nightmare and Abnormal Dreams: Rare Side Effects .... Case reports in endocrinology, 29581904.
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Abdul-Razzak KK, & Alkhatatbeh MJ. (2021). Nightmares and bad dreams among individuals with .... Research in psychotherapy (Milano), 34568104.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34568104/
Thompson DF, & Pierce DR. (1999). Drug-induced nightmares. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 9972389.
Q.
Why do I feel always tired after eating a meal?
A.
Feeling tired after eating might be due to the types of food you eat, like sugary or fatty foods, or it could be related to digestive issues
References:
Wells AS, Read NW, Uvnas-Moberg K, & Alster P. (1997). Influences of fat and carbohydrate on postprandial .... Physiology & behavior, 9145937.
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Cherian D, Paladugu S, Pathikonda M, & Parkman HP. (2012). Fatigue: a prevalent symptom in gastroparesis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 22669206.
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Thayer RE. (1987). Energy, tiredness, and tension effects of a sugar snack .... Journal of personality and social psychology, 3820066.
Q.
Why is it difficult to sleep when sick and how can I improve my sleep quality?
A.
When you're sick, your body temperature changes, which can make it hard to sleep. To sleep better, try to keep your room cool and comfortable.
References:
Lack LC, Gradisar M, Van Someren EJ, Wright HR, & Lushington K. (2008). The relationship between insomnia and body temperatures. Sleep medicine reviews, 18603220.
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Gallup AC, & Gallup JA. (2013). Frequent yawning as an initial signal of fever relief. Medical hypotheses, 24119765.
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Q.
Why might I be unable to sleep after a total knee replacement and what can I do about it?
A.
After a total knee replacement, you might have trouble sleeping because of pain, discomfort, or changes in your daily routine. To help, try using relaxation techniques or talk to your doctor about possible treatments.
References:
Purcell KF, Scarcella N, Chun D, Holland C, Stauffer TP, Bolognesi M, & Lachiewicz P. (2023). Treating Sleep Disorders After Total Hip and Total Knee .... The Orthopedic clinics of North America, 37718079.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37718079/
Whale K, & Gooberman-Hill R. (2022). Development of a novel intervention to improve sleep and .... Trials, 35918742.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35918742/
Pilc E, Bankuru SV, Brauer SF, Cyrus JW, & Patel NK. (2025). Which Interventions Are Effective in Treating Sleep .... Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 39255465.
Q.
Why might I be unable to sleep after drinking alcohol and how can I improve my sleep?
A.
Drinking alcohol can make it hard to sleep because it can cause sleep problems and make your legs move a lot at night. To sleep better, try not to drink before bedtime.
References:
Huang R, Ho SY, Lo WS, Lai HK, & Lam TH. (2013). Alcohol consumption and sleep problems in Hong Kong .... Sleep medicine, 23777753.
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Aldrich MS, & Shipley JE. (1993). Alcohol use and periodic limb movements of sleep. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 8452202.
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu X, Che B, & Yu J. (2021). A Large Cross-Sectional Study in Shaanxi Province, China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 33573245.
Q.
Why might someone feel tired with no energy all the time and what can be done?
A.
Feeling tired all the time can be due to depression, thyroid disorders, neurological issues, or vitamin deficiencies. Addressing the underlying cause can help improve energy levels.
References:
Baldwin DS, & Papakostas GI. (2006). Symptoms of fatigue and sleepiness in major depressive .... The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 16848671.
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