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Inability to sleep
Restless leg syndrome
Insomnia
Sleep apnea symptoms
Anxiety attack
Snoring
Bad dreams every night
Waking up in the middle of the night
Feeling depressed for no reason
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the quality, timing, or duration of your sleep, impacting your ability to function when you're awake. There are many types of sleep disorders, including disturbances in sleep quality or quantity, excessive daytime sleepiness, abnormal behaviors during sleep, sleep disorders related to mental disorders, and more. Narcolepsy is one such disorder, often grouped under hypersomnias - a category of conditions characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness - and can be mistaken for or coexist with other sleep disorders like sleep apnea. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
Treatment for sleep disorders depends on the specific cause and type of the condition. Approaches may include lifestyle changes, behavioral therapies, medical devices, or medications tailored to address the underlying issue. For example, obstructive sleep apnea is often treated with CPAP machines or oral appliances, while insomnia may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy or sleep aids. Managing contributing factors such as stress, poor sleep hygiene, or medical conditions is also important. In the case of narcolepsy, treatment focuses on controlling excessive daytime sleepiness and related symptoms through stimulants, antidepressants, and lifestyle adjustments such as scheduled naps, regular sleep–wake routines and avoiding alcohol or heavy meals before bed.
Reviewed By:
Weston S. Ferrer, MD (Psychiatry)
Weston Ferrer is a physician leader, psychiatrist, and clinical informaticist based in San Francisco. With nearly a decade of experience in academia and more recent immersion in industry, he has made significant contributions to the fields of digital health, health tech, and healthcare innovation. | As an Associate Professor at UCSF, Weston was involved in teaching, leadership, and clinical practice, focusing on the intersection of technology and mental health. He recently led mental health clinical for Verily (formerly Google Life Sciences), where he applied his expertise to develop innovative solutions for mental healthcare using the tools of AI/ML, digital therapeutics, clinical analytics, and more.. | Weston is known for his unique ability to innovate and support product development while bringing pragmatism to technology entrepreneurship. He is a strong advocate for patient-centered care and is committed to leveraging technology to improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities. |
Shohei Harase, MD (Neurology)
Dr. Harase spent his junior and senior high school years in Finland and the U.S. After graduating from the University of Washington (Bachelor of Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology), he worked for Apple Japan Inc. before entering the University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, where he received the Best Resident Award in 2016 and 2017. In 2021, he joined the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, specializing in hyperacute stroke.
Content updated on Aug 5, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1Ferini-Strambi L, Galbiati A, Combi R. Sleep disorder-related headaches. Neurol Sci. 2019 May;40(Suppl 1):107-113. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-03837-z. PMID: 30906963.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10072-019-03837-zZhao M, Tuo H, Wang S, Zhao L. The Effects of Dietary Nutrition on Sleep and Sleep Disorders. Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Jun 25;2020:3142874. doi: 10.1155/2020/3142874. PMID: 32684833; PMCID: PMC7334763.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2020/3142874/K Pavlova M, Latreille V. Sleep Disorders. Am J Med. 2019 Mar;132(3):292-299. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.09.021. Epub 2018 Oct 4. PMID: 30292731.
https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(18)30944-6/fulltext