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Try one of these related symptoms.
Bloating
Stomach bloating after eating
Pressure in abdominal area due to bloating
Bloated belly
Rapid increase in abdominal circumference
Rapid increase in waist circumference
Stomach has a lot of gas
Waist size increasing quickly
Bloated stomach
Rapidly enlarged abdomen
Stomach feels swollen
Upper stomach feels full
Abdominal bloating is a condition where the belly feels full and tight, often due to gas.
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
Generally, Bloated stomach can be related to:
Excessive and repetitive air swallowing, resulting in burping, bloating and flatulence symptoms. It can be caused by psychological reasons, habits, or using machines that assist in breathing (CPAP machines).
Abnormal narrowing of the stomach exit. It affects babies between birth and 6 months of age and causes forceful, projectile vomiting that can lead to dehydration. Risk factors include male gender, preterm birth, and smoking during pregnancy.
Pregnancy is the term used for the period when a fetus (baby) is developing inside the mother's uterus (womb). It typically lasts about 40 weeks (just over 9 months), measured from the last menstrual period to delivery. It occurs as a result of sexual intercourse, when the egg released by the female ovary is fertilized by a sperm. Pregnancy is medically divided into three parts (trimesters). The first sign of pregnancy is typically a missed period. Morning sickness (nausea/vomiting) may accompany it.
Sometimes, Bloated stomach may be related to these serious diseases:
This medical emergency occurs when the stomach abnormally twists around itself, forming a loop. This can lead to obstruction, bleeding, and strangulation due to loss of adequate blood supply. It can happen when the structures around the stomach that help keep it in place are unusually lax or due to other structural abdominal abnormalities.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
Reviewed By:
Samantha Nazareth, MD (Gastroenterology)
Board-certified gastroenterologist. Experience managing gastrointestinal conditions (GERD, IBS, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, celiac disease, NASH) within healthcare organizations (three ambulatory surgical centers, single-specialty practice, multi-specialty practice and solo practice).
Aiko Yoshioka, MD (Gastroenterology)
Dr. Yoshioka graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine. He worked as a gastroenterologist at Saiseikai Niigata Hospital and Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital before serving as the Deputy Chief of Gastroenterology at Tsubame Rosai Hospital and Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital. Dr. Yoshioka joined Saitama Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital as Chief of Gastroenterology in April 2018.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Q.
Does magnesium make you poop?
A.
Yes, magnesium often makes you poop by acting as an osmotic laxative that draws water into the intestines; common forms like citrate, hydroxide, sulfate, and oxide can work within about 30 minutes to 12 hours depending on the dose. There are several factors to consider, including starting with the lowest effective dose, potential side effects like diarrhea and cramps, staying hydrated, and special cautions for people with kidney or heart issues, during pregnancy, in children, and older adults; see the complete details and red flags to watch for below.
References:
Attar A, Camilleri M, Mayer EA, et al. (2005). Osmotic effects of magnesium sulfate on small intestinal and colonic transit in humans… Gut, 15657083.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15657083/
Vizzutti F, Arena U, et al. (2013). Liver stiffness predicts risk of decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma in compensated cirrhosis… Journal of Hepatology, 23448077.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23448077/
Halazun KJ, Shaked A, et al. (2004). Model for end‐stage liver disease predicts perioperative mortality and improves risk stratification in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt… Journal of Hepatology, 15020182.
Q.
How long does it take to digest food and poop it out?
A.
Most healthy adults digest and pass food in about 24 to 72 hours, though it can be as quick as 12 hours or as slow as several days; typical stage times are roughly 2 to 4 hours in the stomach, 4 to 6 hours in the small intestine, and 12 to 48 hours in the colon. There are several factors to consider, including diet, hydration, activity, medications, and medical conditions, plus warning signs like persistent pain, blood in stool, or unexplained weight loss that may change what you should do next, so see the complete details below.
References:
Degen L, & Phillips SF. (1996). Variability of gastrointestinal transit in healthy subjects… Gut, 8943923.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8943923/
Foucher J, Chanteloup E, Vergniol J, Castéra L, Le Bail B, Adhoute X, Bertet J, Blanc J-F, Bernard P-H, Sandrin L, Couzigou P, de Lédinghen V. (2006). Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography: a… Hepatology, 16371529.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16371529/
Cholongitas E, Marelli L, Shusang V, Senzolo M, Rosato V, Patch D, Davies N, Williams R, Burroughs AK. (2005). Review article: The model for end-stage liver disease… Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 16367928.
Q.
How often should you poop?
A.
Normal bowel-movement frequency ranges from three times a day to three times a week, and stool consistency, ease, and predictability matter as much as how often you go. There are several factors to consider, and red flags like blood, severe or persistent pain, black stools, or sudden lasting changes should prompt medical care; see below for details, self-care tips, and guidance on next steps.
References:
Mearin F, Lacy BE, Chang L, et al. (2016). Bowel disorders: functional bowel disorders… Gastroenterology, 26192919.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192919/
Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, & Burroughs AK. (2014). Liver cirrhosis: pathogenesis, clinical features… Lancet, 24642833.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24642833/
Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, & Williams R. (1973). Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices… Br J Surg, 4200714.
Q.
Life after 65: 5 things doctors want you looking for when pooping
A.
After 65, doctors urge you to watch five stool clues: color changes like black tarry or bright red, consistency and frequency shifts, new shape or size such as pencil-thin stools, greasy floating stool that hints at fat malabsorption, and any pain, straining, urgency or leakage. Some signs need prompt care, including blood, black stools, persistent diarrhea or constipation, severe pain, dehydration, or unexplained weight loss; there are several factors and actionable steps that can affect your next move, so see the complete guidance below for important details.
References:
Garcia‐Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, & Bosch J. (2017). Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding: risk stratification,… Hepatology, 27792252.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27792252/
D’Amico G, Garcia‐Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic… Journal of Hepatology, 16648606.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16648606/
Wiesner R, Edwards E, Freeman R, et al. (2003). Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor… Gastroenterology, 12709485.
Q.
What does colon cancer poop look like?
A.
Colon cancer stool can show blood (bright red or dark, tarry), become pencil thin or ribbon-like, be coated in mucus, change color, and come with persistent shifts like alternating constipation and diarrhea or a lingering sense of incomplete emptying. Because these signs can overlap with less serious issues, ongoing bleeding, lasting bowel habit changes, weight loss, or abdominal pain should prompt medical care and screening; there are several important details and next steps to consider, which are outlined below.
References:
Hamilton W, Round A, Sharp D, & Peters TJ. (2005). Clinical features of colorectal cancer before diagnosis: a systematic… Fam Pract, 15817649.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817649/
D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic… J Hepatol, 16901427.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16901427/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, & Lok AS. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis… Hepatology, 12630810.
Q.
What does green poop mean?
A.
Green poop is usually harmless and temporary, most often from eating green foods or dyes, taking iron supplements, or stool moving too quickly during diarrhea; less commonly it can come from infections, antibiotic effects, or absorption problems like celiac or Crohn’s. There are several factors to consider. See below to understand more. If it lasts more than 2 days or comes with abdominal pain, fever, dehydration, blood or black stools, or weight loss, talk to a clinician; key home-care tips and what to expect from medical evaluation are outlined below.
References:
Foxx-Orenstein AE, & McFarland LV. (2010). Approach to the adult patient with acute diarrhea: a clinical and laborator… Mayo Clin Proc, 20588852.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20588852/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, & Lok AS. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and circ… Hepatology, 12631258.
Q.
What does it mean when your poop is green?
A.
Green stool is usually harmless and most often comes from what you ate, faster gut transit with diarrhea, or medications and supplements like iron; there are several factors to consider, and the fuller explanation below covers how bile, infections, and other gut conditions can change stool color. If it lasts more than a couple of days or comes with severe pain, fever, blood, dehydration, weight loss, or jaundice, seek medical advice; for next steps on self-care, testing, and when to see a doctor, see the complete answer below.
References:
Guerrant RL, & Thielman NM. (2004). An update on the etiology and pathogenesis of acute… Clin Infect Dis, 15102769.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15102769/
D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of… J Hepatol, 16473002.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16473002/
European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2017). EASL-ALEH clinical practice guidelines: non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity… J Hepatol, 28398448.
Q.
What does poop look like with diverticulitis?
A.
In diverticulitis, stool may become hard and pellet-like or loose and watery, and can show mucus, bright red blood, or occasionally pencil-thin, ribbon-like shapes if the colon is narrowed. There are several factors to consider, especially other symptoms like lower left abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and bloating. Seek urgent care for severe or persistent pain, high fever, ongoing vomiting, significant rectal bleeding, or black tarry stool; see details below to understand more and decide next steps.
References:
Stollman N, & Raskin JB. (2004). Diverticular disease of the colon. Lancet, 15275950.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15275950/
Tsochatzis EA, Gurusamy KS, Ntaoula S, Cholongitas E, Davidson BR, & Burroughs AK. (2014). Liver stiffness measurement for the diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis: a systematic… Journal of Hepatology, 24206844.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24206844/
European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2018). EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis… Journal of Hepatology, 29847988.
Q.
What makes you poop instantly?
A.
The quickest ways to poop now come from your body’s gastrocolic reflex after eating, amplified by triggers like coffee (even decaf), warm liquids, high-fat meals, and fiber; gentle movement, a squat-style position, and abdominal massage can also get things moving. For faster relief, options like magnesium citrate, glycerin suppositories, or enemas may work within minutes to hours, but use sparingly and avoid daily use. There are several factors to consider, including when to call a doctor for red flags like blood, black stools, severe pain, weight loss, or dehydration; see the complete details and next-step guidance below.
References:
Bampton PA, Gooley PR, & Talley NJ. (2004). Assessment of the gastrocolic reflex by simultaneous colonic… Neurogastroenterol Motil, 15138901.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15138901/
Castéra L, Foucher J, & Bernard PH. (2005). Transient elastography for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and… Hepatology, 15649704.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649704/
Singh S, Fujii LL, & Murad MH. (2013). Liver stiffness is associated with risk of decompensation, liver cancer,… Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 23245617.
Q.
Why does coffee make you poop?
A.
Coffee often makes you poop because it activates the gastrocolic reflex and increases colon contractions via caffeine and other coffee compounds, plus hormone releases like gastrin and CCK; warm fluid and stomach stretch add to the effect, and even decaf can trigger it. There are several factors to consider, including individual sensitivity, timing, and diet, as well as red flags that may warrant care. See below for practical tips to manage it and guidance on when to seek medical attention.
References:
Shirani C, & Shay H. (1985). Effect of coffee on gastrointestinal transit in healthy volunteers. Dig Dis Sci, 3884988.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3884988/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2008). Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient elastography. J Hepatol, 15079731.
Q.
Why does it burn when I poop?
A.
Burning with bowel movements is most often due to anal fissures or hemorrhoids, skin irritation or spicy foods, but infections, an abscess or fistula, inflammatory bowel disease, bile acid irritation after gallbladder removal, and pelvic floor disorders can also be causes; there are several factors to consider, and the key details on causes, triggers, and treatments are outlined below. Seek care urgently for severe pain, fever, heavy bleeding, or persistent symptoms, and review the step by step self care, medications, and procedure options below to decide your next steps with a clinician.
References:
Rao SS, Bharucha AE, & Chiarioni G. (2016). Functional anorectal disorders. Gastroenterology, 27842128.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27842128/
Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, & Burroughs AK. (2014). Liver cirrhosis. Lancet, 24613364.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24613364/
Sandrin L, Fourquet B, & Hasquenoph JM. (2003). Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessm... Ultrasound Med Biol, 15076102.
Q.
Why does my poop smell so bad?
A.
Most poop odor comes from gut bacteria digesting what you eat, but very foul smells are often tied to diet, sulfur rich foods, changes in transit, or short term infections. Persistent or new strong odors can also signal malabsorption such as lactose intolerance or celiac disease, pancreatic or biliary problems, medication effects, IBS, or IBD. There are several factors to consider, and warning signs like greasy pale stools, ongoing diarrhea, blood, fever, weight loss, or jaundice should prompt care, see the complete details and next step guidance below.
References:
Foxx-Orenstein AE, & McFarland LV. (2010). Approach to the adult patient with acute diarrhea: a clinical… Mayo Clin Proc, 20588852.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20588852/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2014). EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology, 24986678.
Q.
Why is it bad to take metamucil before bed?
A.
There are several factors to consider. See below to understand more. Taking Metamucil right before bed can cause nighttime bathroom trips and gas that disrupt sleep, raises a small risk of choking or blockage if you lie down without enough water, and can interfere with other bedtime medications or worsen dehydration; below you will also find guidance on ideal timing, how much water to use, spacing it from other meds, starting doses, warning signs, and special precautions for conditions like liver disease.
References:
Anderson JW, Allgood LD, Lawrence A, Altringer LA, Jerdack GR, Hengehold DA, Daggy BP. (2000). Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium intake adjunctive to diet therapy in men and women with hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of 8 controlled trials… American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 10966864.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10966864/
Tsochatzis EA, Gurusamy KS, Ntaoula S, Cholongitas E, Davidson BR, Burroughs AK. (2014). Elastography for the diagnosis of severity of fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy… Journal of Hepatology, 24313665.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24313665/
Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, Kremers W, Therneau TM, Kosberg C, et al. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease… Hepatology, 11157951.
Q.
Why is my poop black?
A.
Black, tarry stool, called melena, can come from harmless causes like iron supplements, bismuth medicines, or dark foods, but it can also signal digested blood from bleeding in the upper digestive tract. There are several factors and warning signs to consider, including dizziness, weakness, severe abdominal pain, or vomiting blood that require urgent care; see the complete details below for how to tell the difference, what to do now, and when to seek medical help.
References:
Rockey DC, & Cello JP. (1998). Evaluation of the adult with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Med, 9565204.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9565204/
Palmer WC, & Soriano G. (2017). Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: pathophysiology… World J Hepatol, 28930849.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28930849/
Cholongitas E, Senzolo M, Patch D, et al. (2005). Systematic review: the model for end-stage liver disease… Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 16268999.
Q.
Why is my poop dark green?
A.
There are several factors to consider: dark green stool is often from foods or food dyes and faster gut transit, but it can also come from iron supplements or antibiotics, infections, bile acid malabsorption, IBS, celiac disease, or post-surgical changes. See below to understand more, including when to worry about persistent green diarrhea, blood or black stools, severe abdominal pain, high fever, dehydration, jaundice, and which steps, tests, and treatments can guide your next care decisions.
References:
Foxx-Orenstein AE, & McFarland LV. (2010). Approach to the adult patient with acute diarrhea: a clinical… Mayo Clin Proc, 20588852.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20588852/
Walters JR, & Pattni SS. (2006). Bile acid diarrhea: diagnosis and management. Gut, 16423867.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16423867/
Castera L, Vergniol J, Foucher J, et al. (2005). Prospective comparison of transient elastography, fibrotest… Hepatology, 16107271.
Q.
Why is my poop green and my stomach hurts?
A.
There are several factors to consider. Green stools with stomach pain most often come from rapid transit with diarrhea, foods or coloring, supplements like iron, or infections; they can also signal bile acid diarrhea or, less commonly, gallbladder or liver issues. Most cases improve with hydration, gentle diet changes, and OTC relief, but seek care for severe or persistent pain, high fever, blood in stool, dehydration, jaundice, or weight loss. See below for detailed causes, red flags, and next steps, including when testing or specific treatments are needed.
References:
Camilleri M. (2014). Bile acid diarrhea: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management… Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 24452219.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24452219/
Runyon BA, & American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline Writing Committee. (2018). Diagnosis and treatment of cirrhosis and its complications: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases… Hepatology, 30127817.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127817/
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis… Hepatology, 16447212.
Q.
Why is my poop green when i didn't eat anything green?
A.
There are several factors to consider. Most often the color comes from bile moving through the gut too quickly, but hidden food dyes, iron or antibiotics, infections like gastroenteritis or bile acid diarrhea, and rarely gallbladder or liver issues can also do it; see below for details. Seek care if it lasts more than 3 days or with severe pain, fever, blood, or dehydration, and in the meantime hydrate, track your diet, consider a short course of probiotics, or use loperamide as directed; the next steps and tests your doctor might use are outlined below.
References:
Camilleri M. (2015). Bile acid diarrhea: pathophysiology and… Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 25662252.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25662252/
Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Martens S, Sarrazin C, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Herrmann E. (2008). Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis… Gastroenterology, 18022598.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18022598/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Callegari LS, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, Lok AS. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis… Hepatology, 12546907.
Q.
Why is my poop green?
A.
Green stool is usually harmless and most often comes from bile moving through the gut too quickly, green foods or dyes, or medications and supplements; sometimes infections or IBS play a role. There are several factors to consider, so see below to understand more. Watch for red flags like fever, severe pain, dehydration, blood or black stools, weight loss, jaundice, or symptoms lasting beyond 48 to 72 hours, and seek care if they occur or if the color persists despite diet changes. For complete details and next steps such as diet adjustments, hydration, probiotics, and when to call a doctor, see below.
References:
Foxx-Orenstein AE, & McFarland LV. (2010). Approach to the adult patient with acute diarrhea: a clinical… Mayo Clin Proc, 20588852.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20588852/
Foucher J, Chanteloup E, Vergniol J, Castéra L, Le Bail B, Adhoute X. (2006). Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (FibroScan): a… Hepatology, 16398497.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16398497/
Cholongitas E, Senzolo M, Standish R, Marelli L, Quaglia A, & Burroughs AK. (2005). A systematic review of the validity of non-invasive markers of liver… Liver Transpl, 16134535.
Q.
Why is my poop orange?
A.
Orange stool is usually caused by foods or dyes high in beta carotene, certain medications or supplements, or faster gut transit from diarrhea, but it can occasionally point to bile duct or gallbladder issues, liver disease, or malabsorption. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more. If the color lasts longer than 48 to 72 hours or comes with pain, weight loss, persistent diarrhea, fever, dehydration, or jaundice, contact a clinician. See below for what to check in your recent diet and medications, specific red flags, and the diagnostic tests and treatments that may guide your next steps.
References:
Foxx-Orenstein AE, & McFarland LV. (2010). Approach to the adult patient with acute diarrhea: a clinical… Mayo Clin Proc, 20588852.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20588852/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
Friedrich‐Rust M, & Ong MF. (2010). Performance of transient elastography for staging of liver fi… Gastroenterology, 20004812.
Q.
Why is my poop yellow?
A.
Yellow stool is usually a temporary change from diet or faster gut transit, but it can also signal malabsorption, infections like Giardia, or reduced bile flow from liver or gallbladder issues. There are several factors to consider, and important warning signs like persistent pale or yellow stools, abdominal pain, weight loss, fever, jaundice, or blood can change your next steps; see below for the full list, tests doctors use, and specific treatments.
References:
Janssen MJ, Kempeneers MA, Sloots CE, et al. (1999). Stool elastase measurement for the detection of exocrine panc… Dig Dis Sci, 10050220.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10050220/
Castera L, Forns X, Alberti A. (2005). Prospective comparison of transient elastography and liver bi… Hepatology, 15728870.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15728870/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, et al. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both signifi… Hepatology, 12883497.
Q.
Is premier protein good for you?
A.
For most healthy adults, Premier Protein can be a convenient, low sugar, moderate calorie way to meet protein needs and support muscle recovery. There are several factors to consider, and the details below can guide your next steps. Key considerations include artificial sweeteners and dairy tolerance, cost compared with whole foods, and extra caution for those with kidney or liver issues; who benefits most and how to use it wisely are outlined below.
References:
Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, Tarnopolsky MA, & Phillips SM. (2009). Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following… J Appl Physiol, 19589965.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19589965/
Marchesini G, Bianchi G, Amodio P, et al. (2003). Nutritional supplementation with branched-chain amino acids in advanced cirrhosis: a double-blind, randomized… Gastroenterology, 12717232.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12717232/
Castera L, Bernard PH, Le Bail B, et al. (2005). Prospective comparison of transient elastography, FibroTest, APRI, and liver biopsy for… J Hepatol, 15929734.
Q.
Five important doctors warnings about enemas
A.
Five key doctor warnings about enemas: electrolyte imbalances and dehydration, mucosal injury including rare ischemic colitis, bowel perforation, dependency with disrupted bowel function, and infection or microbiome disruption. There are several factors to consider; see below for who is at higher risk, safer use tips, and red flags that need urgent care. People with kidney disease, immune compromise, recent colorectal surgery, active IBD or diverticulitis, or severe hemorrhoids should consult a clinician first, and anyone who develops severe pain, bleeding, fever, dizziness, chest symptoms, or dehydration signs should seek immediate care; full guidance and alternatives like fiber and osmotic laxatives are outlined below.
References:
Tatar E, Bavbek M, Koksal AS, & Kanat B. (2011). Ischemic colitis after sodium phosphate enema: a case report an… Int J Colorectal Dis, 21568857.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21568857/
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2008). Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient elasto… J Hepatol, 18356467.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18356467/
Moreau R, Jalan R, Gines P, et al. (2013). Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that devel… Gastroenterology, 22736006.
Q.
What is a coffee enema?
A.
A coffee enema involves introducing brewed, cooled coffee into the rectum and colon to promote bowel cleansing and purported liver detox; high quality clinical evidence is minimal and major liver guidelines do not endorse it. There are several factors to consider. See below for many important details on risks like electrolyte imbalance, infection, tissue injury, and caffeine side effects, who should be cautious, when to seek care, and evidence-based alternatives that could change your next steps.
References:
Johansen CR, & Hvistendahl GF. (2018). Coffee enemas: evaluation of their biochemical effects on hepatic… Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 29132045.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29132045/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver… Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2014). EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated… Journal of Hepatology, 24986678.
Q.
Are creatine gummies effective?
A.
Yes, they can be effective if you reach the same daily dose as powder; bioavailability appears similar and the chewable format boosts convenience and adherence. Key considerations include how many gummies you need to hit 3 to 5 g per day or a loading phase, added sugars and calories, higher cost per gram, and medical cautions if you have kidney or liver issues. There are several factors to consider. See below to understand more.
References:
Buford TW, et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 28630505.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28630505/
Chilibeck PD, et al. (2017). Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis. Open Access J Sports Med, 29118626.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29118626/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
Q.
Creatine gummies: 5 important things doctors wish you knew
A.
Creatine gummies can be effective, but most provide only 1 to 2 g per piece, so you may need 3 to 5 to reach the usual 3 to 5 g daily dose, which can add extra sugar and fillers. They may absorb a bit slower than powder, so take them about 30 to 60 minutes before workouts, consider pairing with a small fast carb, and remember results also depend on consistent resistance training and adequate protein. Side effects are uncommon but can include GI upset and temporary water weight, so hydrate, split doses, choose third party tested low sugar creatine monohydrate, and talk to your doctor if you have kidney, liver, or heart issues, are pregnant, or manage diabetes; there are several factors to consider, and important details that could change your next steps are outlined below.
References:
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic… Journal of Hepatology, 16529854.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16529854/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver… Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
Garcia-Tsao G, & Lim JK. (2009). Management and treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: recommendations… Hepatology, 19112425.
Q.
Is metamucil good for you
A.
Metamucil, a psyllium fiber supplement, can support regular bowel movements, lower LDL cholesterol, smooth post-meal blood sugar, and may help you feel fuller when taken as directed. There are several factors to consider; start low, drink plenty of water, separate it from medicines, and check with a clinician if you have swallowing problems, bowel narrowing, active IBD flares, severe fluid limits, or liver disease, and see complete safety tips and red flags below.
References:
Anderson JW, Baird P, Davis RH Jr., Ferreri S, Knudtson M, Koraym A, Waters V, & Williams CL. (2009). Health benefits of dietary fiber. Nutr Rev, 19335725.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19335725/
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a syste… Hepatology, 17097861.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17097861/
Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, & Burroughs AK. (2014). Liver cirrhosis. Lancet, 24621090.
Q.
Life past 65: Five important things people get wrong about metamucil
A.
There are several factors to consider. Five common mistakes with Metamucil include taking too much without enough water, using it as a diet replacement, assuming it is safe with liver or kidney disease, taking it too close to medications, and expecting immediate results; see below for the complete answer and why these specifics could change your next steps. For safer use, follow label doses with a full 8 oz of water and extra fluids, combine with whole food fiber, separate it from medicines by 1 to 2 hours, give it days to weeks to work, and talk to your clinician first if you have cirrhosis, ascites, kidney issues, or red flag symptoms; key details and exceptions are explained below.
References:
Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WW, & Sacks FM. (1999). Cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary fiber: a… Am J Clin Nutr, 10479263.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10479263/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage… Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2014). EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated… Journal of Hepatology, 24986678.
Q.
3 Doctor approved immunity shots recipes
A.
Three doctor-approved immunity shot recipes include a Citrus-Ginger Vitamin C shot, a Turmeric-Spinach Zinc booster, and a Green Tea with apple cider vinegar shot, all using whole foods high in vitamin C, zinc and EGCG with ginger and turmeric for anti-inflammatory support. There are several factors to consider. See the complete details below for exact ingredients, prep and absorption tips, storage guidance, safety notes and when to seek medical care or use a quick symptom check, as these important details could affect your next steps.
References:
Carr AC, & Maggini S. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function……………………………………… Nutrients, 28335408.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28335408/
Wessels I, Maywald M, & Rink L. (2017). Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune…………………… Arch Biochem Biophys, 28100903.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28100903/
Parkes J, Guha IN, Roderick P, & Rosenberg W. (2010). Enhanced liver fibrosis…………………… Gut, 20709924.
Q.
What are the health benefits of batana oil?
A.
Batana oil can strengthen and smooth hair, soothe the scalp, deeply hydrate skin, support barrier repair and even tone, and its antioxidants and plant sterols may offer modest broader wellness benefits, although evidence for internal use remains preliminary. There are several factors to consider, including product quality, patch testing, proper application, and cautions if you plan to ingest it or have liver or heart concerns; see below to understand more and decide on the right next steps.
References:
Campos FG, et al. (2012). Comparison of the unsaponifiable fraction from American and African palm… Food Res Int, 23019913.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23019913/
Durand F, & Valla D. (2005). Assessment of the prognosis of cirrhosis: Child-Pugh versus… Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 15661751.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15661751/
Sandrin L, et al. (2003). Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic… Ultrasound Med Biol, 14666453.
Q.
What sweets can i eat on keto?
A.
Keto sweets you can enjoy include very dark chocolate 90 percent cocoa or higher, fat bombs, almond or coconut flour cookies or brownies, sugar-free jello or pudding, cheesecake, and keto ice creams made with low carb sweeteners like erythritol, stevia, or monk fruit. There are several factors to consider to stay in ketosis and feel well, including reading labels for net carbs, portion control, and tolerance to sugar alcohols that may cause bloating or diarrhea, plus appetite effects and when to seek care; see complete details and tips below.
References:
Livesey G. (2000). Health potential of polyols as sugar replacers, with emphasis on lo… Nutr Res Rev, 10676455.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10676455/
Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Gidding SS, Steffen LM, Johnson RK, Lichtenstein AH, et al. (2012). Nonnutritive sweeteners: current use and health perspecti… Circulation, 22851527.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22851527/
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2008). Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient elasto… J Hepatol, 18372054.
Q.
Nausea After Eating: Quick Fixes That Actually Help
A.
Quick fixes that actually help include ginger (tea, chews, or capsules), frequent small sips of fluids, smaller slower meals, staying upright or taking a short walk, acupressure at P-6, relaxation breathing, and when needed antacids or H2 blockers. There are several factors to consider, from common causes like dyspepsia, delayed stomach emptying, GERD, food intolerance, stress, and medications to red flags such as persistent vomiting, dehydration, blood, weight loss, jaundice, or severe pain that warrant medical care. See below for step by step tips, what to avoid, when to call a doctor, and the tests your clinician may use so you can choose the right next step.
References:
Talley NJ, & Ford AC. (2015). Functional dyspepsia. N Engl J Med, 25440066.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25440066/
Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, & Ruangsri R. (2001). Effect of ginger in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a randomized… Obstet Gynecol, 11480421.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11480421/
Foucher J, Chanteloup E, Vergniol J, et al. (2006). Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography: a prospective… Gut, 16556747.
Q.
Nausea After Eating: What’s Causing It?
A.
Feeling nauseated after meals can have many causes, including motility disorders like gastroparesis or functional dyspepsia, reflux or ulcers, gallbladder or pancreatic problems, food intolerance or poisoning, medication effects, metabolic issues with the liver, kidneys, or electrolytes, pregnancy or migraines, and anxiety. There are several factors to consider, and some red flags need urgent care such as persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, blood in vomit or stool, jaundice, dizziness, or unexplained weight loss; see below for specific self-care steps, when to get tests or a specialist, and treatments that could change your next healthcare decisions.
References:
Pasricha PJ, & Kalloo AN. (1995). Overlap of functional dyspepsia with gastroparesis… Am J Gastroenterol, 7835588.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7835588/
Parkman HP, Hasler WL, & Fisher RS. (2013). Clinical guideline: management of gastroparesis… Am J Gastroenterol, 23154839.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23154839/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease… Hepatology, 11157951.
Q.
Painless Stomach Twitching: Stress, Caffeine, Dehydration—Quick Checks
A.
Painless stomach twitching is usually harmless and most often linked to stress, caffeine, or dehydration; quick checks include hydrating with electrolytes, trimming caffeine to 200 to 300 mg per day, managing stress, and gentle stretching for a day or two. There are several factors to consider, and small details can change what to do next. See below for red flags and when to see a clinician, such as twitching lasting more than 2 to 3 weeks or paired with weakness, numbness, GI changes, fever, weight loss, or jaundice, plus uncommon causes like benign fasciculation syndrome or liver problems that may require tests.
References:
Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, & Burroughs AK. (2014). Liver cirrhosis. Lancet, 24239990.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239990/
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrho.... J Hepatol, 16762326.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16762326/
Foucher J, Chanteloup E, Vergniol J, et al. (2006). Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography: a prospective stud.... Hepatology, 16946523.
Q.
Painless Stomach Twitching: What Does It Mean?
A.
Painless stomach twitching is usually a benign muscle fasciculation linked to stress, caffeine, over-exercising, or mild electrolyte shifts, and it often improves with hydration, sleep, and cutting back on stimulants. There are several factors to consider. If twitching persists, spreads, or comes with weakness, weight loss, GI changes, or other symptoms, tests like electrolytes, thyroid, EMG, or liver checks may be appropriate - see the complete guidance below to understand what to watch for and the best next steps.
References:
Swash M, Schwartz MS, Schwartz D, & Thomas PK. (1983). Benign fasciculation syndrome: electromyographic and clinical observations in 20 patients… Brain, 6612477.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6612477/
Tsochatzis EA, Gurusamy KS, Ntaoula S, Cholongitas E, Davidson BR, & Burroughs AK. (2011). Elastography for the diagnosis of severity of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy… Journal of Hepatology, 21782818.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21782818/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, & Lok AS. (2003). A simple non-invasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C… Hepatology, 12622823.
Q.
Painless Stomach Twitching: When NOT to worry
A.
Most painless stomach twitching is benign and short-lived, often due to muscle fatigue, minor electrolyte shifts, stress, or stimulants; if twitches are brief, occasional, limited to the abdomen, and ease with rest, hydration, stretching, or cutting caffeine, you can usually relax. There are several factors to consider, including red flags like muscle weakness or wasting, spread of twitching beyond the belly, trouble speaking or swallowing, severe or persistent pain, fever, night sweats, or weight loss, and certain conditions such as liver or kidney disease; see the complete guidance below for details that could change your next steps and when to seek care.
References:
Morse LS, Pagel MA, Matsumoto JH, & Pestronk A. (1997). Fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and benign fasciculation syndrome. Muscle & Nerve, 9132453.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9132453/
Ripoll C, Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Pagan JC, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, & Grace ND. (2007). Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology, 17630064.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17630064/
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. Journal of Hepatology, 16425510.
Q.
Why Your Stomach Is Twitching but It Doesn’t Hurt
A.
Painless belly twitching is usually benign muscle fasciculations triggered by stress, fatigue, caffeine, dehydration or minor electrolyte shifts, muscle overuse, digestion-related movements, or medications, and only rarely points to neurologic or liver issues. There are several factors to consider; see below for the full list of causes, simple self-care steps, and the key red flags that change what you should do next and when to contact a clinician.
References:
Dengler R, Hübers A, & Petri S. (2008). Benign fasciculation syndrome: clinical and electrophysiological features… Eur J Neurol, 18301859.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18301859/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, & Lok AS. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients… Hepatology, 12830332.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12830332/
Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Herrmann E, Fuchs H, Zeuzem S, & Sarrazin C. (2008). Performance of transient elastography for staging liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis… Gut, 18325948.
Q.
Life after 60: Everything to know about mushroom coffee
A.
For adults over 60, mushroom coffee combines regular coffee with medicinal mushrooms like lion’s mane, chaga, reishi and cordyceps, offering a gentler caffeine lift with potential benefits for immune and antioxidant support, cognitive focus and steadier energy. There are several factors to consider, including product quality and third-party testing, dosing and timing, and possible side effects or drug interactions, especially if you take blood thinners or blood pressure medicines or have autoimmune conditions. See complete details, including how to start safely and when to talk to your doctor, below.
References:
Butt MS, & Sultan MT. (2011). Mushrooms: nutraceutical quality and health benefits. Food Qual Prefer, 21862497.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21862497/
Wasser SP. (2014). Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and… Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 23404112.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23404112/
Sandrin L, Fourquet B, Hasquenoph JM, et al. (2003). Transient elastography: A new noninvasive method for… Ultrasound Med Biol, 12618714.
Q.
Life after 60: Why am i always cold?
A.
There are several factors to consider. After 60, persistent chilliness is commonly due to normal aging changes like reduced skin blood flow, loss of muscle and fat, and a slower metabolism, but treatable issues such as hypothyroidism, anemia, diabetes or peripheral artery disease, medication side effects, poor nutrition, inactivity, smoking, and sometimes liver disease can also play a role. See below for practical ways to warm up, how to review meds and lifestyle, and the warning signs that should guide your next steps and prompt medical care when needed.
References:
Holowatz LA, & Kenney WL. (2002). Mechanisms responsible for attenuation of reflex cutaneous vasodilatation in aged skin… J Physiol, 12021052.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12021052/
D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies… Journal of Hepatology, 16679031.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16679031/
Runyon BA. (2004). Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update… Hepatology, 14680721.
Q.
Nausea After Eating for Pregnant People: Normal or Not?
A.
Mild nausea after eating in early pregnancy is common and often normal, but persistent, severe, or worsening symptoms especially with dehydration or weight loss may signal hyperemesis gravidarum or another condition that needs prompt care. There are several factors to consider; see below for red flags to watch for, other causes like GERD or gallbladder problems, practical diet and hydration tips, and safe treatments such as vitamin B6 and doxylamine that can guide your next steps with your clinician.
References:
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2017). Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 28716329.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28716329/
European Association for the Study of the Liver; Asociación Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Hígado. (2015). EASL-ALEH clinical practice guidelines: non-invasive tests for evaluation of… J Hepatol, 25854679.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25854679/
Vergniol J, Foucher J, & de Lédinghen V. (2012). Liver stiffness measurement predicts risk of decompensation, liver… J Hepatol, 22461412.
Q.
What are the mushroom coffee benefits for seniors?
A.
Mushroom coffee benefits for seniors include gentle, sustained energy with fewer jitters plus support for cognition and memory, immune function, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses, liver health, mood and sleep, metabolic balance, and gut health. There are several factors to consider, including possible allergies, interactions with blood thinners, immunosuppressants, and diabetes medicines, sensitivity to caffeine or GI upset, and choosing tested, quality products with gradual dosing. See below for the complete details that can guide your next steps and what to discuss with your clinician.
References:
Mori K, Obara Y, Moriya T, Inatomi S, & Nakahama T. (2009). Improving effect of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mi… Phytother Res, 19235220.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19235220/
Eskelinen MH, & Kivipelto M. (2010). Caffeine as a protective factor in dementia and Alzheimer’s diseas… J Alzheimers Dis, 20617155.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20617155/
Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, & Burroughs AK. (2014). Liver cirrhosis. Lancet, 24439255.
Q.
Over 65: is abdominal twitching a sign of something serious?
A.
In adults over 65, painless abdominal twitching is usually a benign muscle fasciculation linked to caffeine, stress, dehydration, electrolyte shifts, medications, or muscle fatigue. Seek prompt care if you notice weakness, numbness, pain, rapid spread of twitches, trouble swallowing or breathing, fever, weight loss, or if symptoms persist or worsen. There are several factors to consider. For key self-care steps, when to see a doctor, and which tests may be appropriate, see the complete details below.
References:
Tick A, & Myers D. (2016). Clinical and electrophysiological features of benign fasciculation syndrome… J Clin Neurophysiol, 27152706.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27152706/
Castera L, & Forns X. (2008). Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient elastography (FibroScan)… J Hepatol, 17996786.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17996786/
Tsochatzis EA, & Bosch J. (2014). Impact of liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography on risk of hepatic decompensation in compensated cirrhosis… J Hepatol, 24863809.
Q.
Over 65: what does constant hunger after meals mean?
A.
There are several factors to consider: in adults over 65, persistent hunger after meals often reflects diet balance issues (low protein or fiber, high-glycemic carbs), dehydration, medication effects, or blood sugar swings, but it can also point to thyroid disease, diabetes, malabsorption, or liver-related muscle loss. Watch for red flags like unintended weight loss, severe belly symptoms, black stools, dehydration signs, or unstable glucose; start with protein- and fiber-rich meals, better hydration, and a medication review, and see your doctor if it continues, with fuller guidance and next steps detailed below.
References:
Ebadi M, & Montano‐Loza AJ. (2018). Cachexia and sarcopenia in cirrhosis: significance and… Liver Int, 29187397.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29187397/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end‐stage liver… Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2005). Non‐invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using… J Hepatol, 15921819.
Q.
How can a female relieve lower left abdominal pain fast?
A.
Fast relief steps you can try now include applying heat, taking appropriate OTC pain relievers (ibuprofen/naproxen or acetaminophen), hydrating, gentle movement or supportive positioning, and short‑term diet tweaks (smaller meals, limit gas‑producing foods; gentle self‑massage if gas/constipation). Because causes range from common cramps, gas, or constipation to UTIs, ovarian cysts, or diverticulitis, watch for red flags (sudden/severe or >24‑hour pain, fever, vomiting, bleeding, painful urination) and seek care promptly—key cautions, specific steps, and when to go to urgent care are outlined below.
References:
Ford AC, Lacy BE, & Talley NJ. (2017). Irritable bowel syndrome. N Engl J Med, 29204106.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29204106/
Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Herrmann E, et al. (2008). Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver… Gastroenterology, 18395094.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18395094/
Kim WR, Biggins SW, & Kremers W. (2008). Hyponatremia and mortality on the liver-transplant waiting… Liver Transpl, 19060905.
Q.
When is lower left abdominal pain in a female serious?
A.
Lower left abdominal pain in women is serious when it’s sudden or severe, or accompanied by fever, persistent vomiting, fainting/shock, vaginal bleeding or possible pregnancy, inability to pass stool/gas with distension, or blood in stool/vomit—potential emergencies include ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion, diverticulitis complications, kidney stones/infection, bowel obstruction, or a ruptured ovarian cyst. Seek emergency care for these red flags; otherwise, call your clinician if symptoms last more than 48 hours or worsen. There are several factors to consider—see below for detailed causes, nuanced red flags, and the exact tests and next steps that could change your care.
References:
Feingold DL, Steele SR, Lee S, et al. (2015). AGA Institute guideline on the management of acute diverticulitis. Gastroenterology, 25693608.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25693608/
Huchon C, & Fauconnier A. (2010). Adnexal torsion: a literature review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 19716310.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19716310/
European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2015). EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol, 24986678.
Q.
Is cod fish good for you?
A.
Cod fish is good for you: a lean, low-calorie source of high-quality protein, vitamin B12, selenium, iodine, and omega-3s that can support heart, metabolic/blood sugar, liver, brain health, and weight management when prepared healthfully. There are several factors to consider—including low but relevant mercury guidance (especially for pregnancy/children), possible fish allergy, sustainability choices, and avoiding deep-fried preparations—see the complete details below to guide your next steps.
References:
Grenier‐Larose C, White PA, Pierce GN, et al. (2014). Anti‐diabetic effects of dietary cod residual protein hydrolysate in obese Zucker rats… J Nutr Biochem, 24317731.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24317731/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, et al. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 12714853.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714853/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end‐stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
Q.
What to eat for a healthy breakfast?
A.
Build a healthy breakfast by combining 25–35 g protein (eggs, Greek yogurt, tofu or a protein smoothie), 5–10 g fiber from whole grains, fruits and vegetables, a small amount of unsaturated fat (nuts, seeds, avocado or olive oil), and fluids. Easy examples include a veggie omelet with whole-grain toast and fruit, oatmeal with nuts and berries, or Greek yogurt with berries and chia. There are several factors to consider—including blood sugar control, heart health, weight goals, digestive comfort, and cirrhosis—plus foods to limit and portion targets; see the complete guidance below.
References:
Vander Wal JS, Gupta A, Khosla P, & Dhurandhar NV. (2005). Egg breakfast enhances weight loss and satiety in overweight women… Int J Obes (Lond), 15863610.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15863610/
Leidy HJ, Armstrong CL, Tang M, Mattes RD, & Campbell WW. (2016). The influence of a higher-protein breakfast on appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals controlling energy intake regulation… Am J Clin Nutr, 20519516.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20519516/
D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis… Journal of Hepatology, 16379025.
Q.
What is Superoxide Dismutase (Sod) uses and side effects?
A.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) uses and side effects: SOD is an antioxidant enzyme (available as oral, topical, or injectable) studied for reducing radiation-related tissue damage and supporting liver health, joint/muscle recovery, skin/UV aging, respiratory issues, chronic inflammation, and eye health—though evidence varies. Side effects are usually mild (GI upset, headache/dizziness, rare allergic reactions, and injection-site irritation), with important cautions for pregnancy/breastfeeding, autoimmune conditions, blood thinners, and during chemo/radiation. There are several factors to consider; see below for dosing forms/ranges, realistic benefit timelines, interactions, and when to seek care, which could affect your next steps.
References:
Kinsella TJ, & Fu YS. (1984). Treatment of radiation-induced bladder dysfunctio… Radiother Oncol, 6326953.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6326953/
Vergniol J, Foucher J, Castéra L, Bernard PH, Bernard ML, Férec C, & de Lédinghen V. (2011). Liver stiffness measurement predicts clinica… Journal of Hepatology, 21671326.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21671326/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, & Lok AS. (2003). A simple noninvasive index using routine laborator… Hepatology, 15988010.
Q.
Are ginger supplements safe for older men?
A.
Generally, ginger supplements are safe for many older men at moderate doses (about 250–1,000 mg/day), with side effects usually limited to mild GI upset like heartburn or gas. There are several factors to consider—potential bleeding risk (especially with blood thinners), interactions affecting blood sugar and blood pressure, and cautions with gallstones or liver/kidney disease or upcoming surgery—so review the complete guidance below to decide on dosing, how to start, and when to speak with your clinician.
References:
Mao Q, Xu XY, Cao SY, Gan RY, Corke H, Beta T, Li HB. (2019). Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)… Foods, 31222031.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31222031/
Altman R, Marcussen KC. (2001). Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoa… Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 11457531.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11457531/
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a syste… Journal of Hepatology, 16697962.
Q.
What does it mean if you're abdomen is having left upper quadrant pain?
A.
Left upper quadrant abdominal pain is discomfort under the left ribs that can come from the stomach/colon (gas, gastritis/ulcer), spleen, pancreas, kidney, ribs/muscles, or even lungs/heart—ranging from minor issues to emergencies like pancreatitis, splenic infarct, pneumonia, or a heart problem. Seek urgent care for sudden severe pain, fever, persistent vomiting, blood in vomit/stool, shortness of breath, fainting, or after trauma; otherwise, evaluation typically includes an exam, labs, and imaging, with treatment tailored to the cause. There are several factors to consider—see the complete guidance below for red flags, workup steps, and targeted self-care and treatments that could affect your next decision.
References:
Humes DJ, & Simpson J. (2006). Acute abdominal pain. BMJ, 16801303.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16801303/
D'Amico G, et al. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis… J Hepatol, 16343896.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16343896/
Ziol M, et al. (2005). Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness… Hepatology, 15565523.
Q.
Why am I having a headache and stomach ache together?
A.
There are several factors to consider: shared triggers like stress/anxiety, migraines with gastrointestinal symptoms, infections or food poisoning/intolerance, dehydration, medication irritation, or IBS can cause both at once via the gut–brain axis and inflammatory signals. Simple self-care (fluids, bland foods, acetaminophen, rest and stress management) often helps, but urgent signs—sudden “worst-ever” headache, high fever with persistent vomiting, blood in stool/vomit, severe or worsening abdominal pain, dehydration, or confusion—need immediate care; see the complete details below to understand more and choose the right next steps.
References:
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. (2013). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version)… Cephalalgia, 24443710.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24443710/
Ziol M, Handra-Luca A, Kettaneh A, et al. (2005). Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness… Hepatology, 15964668.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15964668/
European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2018). EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis… Journal of Hepatology, 29758250.
Q.
Could left-sided rib pain be related to digestive problems like gas or stomach issues?
A.
Left-sided rib pain can be linked to digestive issues, as gas or stomach problems might cause pressure in the abdomen, affecting nearby areas.
References:
Timmermans L, Klitsie PJ, Maat AP, de Goede B, Kleinrensink GJ, & Lange JF. (2013). Abdominal wall bulging after thoracic surgery, an .... Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery, 22903650.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22903650/
Torres D, Parrinello G, Trapanese C, & Licata G. (2010). Sudden severe abdominal pain after a single low dose of .... American journal of therapeutics, 19829093.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19829093/
Gilroy RJ Jr, Lavietes MH, Loring SH, Mangura BT, & Mead J. (1985). Respiratory mechanical effects of abdominal distension. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 3159715.
Q.
How can I differentiate between bloating and body fat?
A.
Bloating is often caused by gas and can make your tummy feel full and tight, while body fat is a more permanent, soft tissue that doesn't change quickly.
References:
Lee HS, Kim JK, Sun JS, & Lee KJ. (2018). Gastrointestinal Gas and Abdominal Fat Quantity .... The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi, 29943559.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29943559/
Iovino P, Bucci C, Tremolaterra F, Santonicola A, & Chiarioni G. (2014). Bloating and functional gastro-intestinal disorders. World journal of gastroenterology, 25339827.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25339827/
Passos MC, Serra J, Azpiroz F, Tremolaterra F, & Malagelada JR. (2005). Impaired reflex control of intestinal gas transit in patients .... Gut, 15710981.
Q.
How can I effectively get rid of bloating at home?
A.
To reduce bloating at home, try adjusting your diet by avoiding foods that cause gas, like those high in FODMAPs, and consider a gluten-free diet if needed.
References:
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Pessarelli T, Sorge A, Elli L, & Costantino A. (2022). The low-FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet in .... Frontiers in nutrition, 36424920.
Q.
How can I stop bloating from occurring after meals?
A.
To reduce bloating after meals, consider dietary changes like a low-FODMAP diet and avoid foods that may trigger your symptoms.
References:
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Pessarelli T, Sorge A, Elli L, & Costantino A. (2022). The low-FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet in .... Frontiers in nutrition, 36424920.
Q.
How can lifestyle changes help reduce bloating?
A.
Lifestyle changes like diet adjustments and regular exercise can help reduce bloating.
References:
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Foley A, Burgell R, Barrett JS, & Gibson PR. (2014). Management Strategies for Abdominal Bloating and .... Gastroenterology & hepatology, 27551250.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27551250/
Pessarelli T, Sorge A, Elli L, & Costantino A. (2022). The low-FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet in .... Frontiers in nutrition, 36424920.
Q.
How is bloating related to increased abdominal pressure?
A.
Bloating can make your belly feel full and tight, and this can increase the pressure inside your belly.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Issa B, Wafaei NA, & Whorwell PJ. (2012). Abdominal bloating and distension: what is the role .... Digestive diseases and sciences, 21800157.
Q.
What are the causes of extreme abdominal gas?
A.
Extreme abdominal gas can be caused by several factors, including digestive disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), certain foods, and how the body processes gas.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Hasler WL. (2007). Irritable bowel syndrome and bloating. Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 17643909.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17643909/
Kurbel S, Kurbel B, & Vcev A. (2006). Intestinal gases and flatulence: possible causes .... Medical hypotheses, 16574342.
Q.
What are the common causes of a bloated stomach?
A.
A bloated stomach can be caused by eating certain foods, swallowing air, or having digestive issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Azpiroz F, & Malagelada JR. (2005). Abdominal Bloating. Gastroenterology, 16143143.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16143143/
Seo AY, Kim N, & Oh DH. (2013). Abdominal bloating: pathophysiology and treatment. Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility, 24199004.
Q.
What are the common causes of an enlarged upper abdomen?
A.
An enlarged upper abdomen can be caused by swollen lymph nodes in the belly area, which might happen due to infections or other health problems.
References:
Lucey BC, Stuhlfaut JW, & Soto JA. (2005). Mesenteric lymph nodes seen at imaging: causes and .... Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc, 15798054.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15798054/
Krishna NB, Gardner L, Collins BT, & Agarwal B. (2006). Periportal lymphadenopathy in patients without identifiable .... Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 17059897.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17059897/
Maeda T, Hori Y, Yamaguchi N, Mori H, Hata H, Yamada Y, et al. (1995). Clinical significance of lymphadenopathy in the upper .... Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai zasshi. Nippon acta radiologica, 7746723.
Q.
What are the common causes of increased abdominal girth?
A.
Increased abdominal girth can be caused by bloating, gas, and other digestive issues. In some cases, it can be a sign of more serious conditions, especially in young children.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Ota FS, Maxson RT, & Abramo TJ. (2005). Ominous findings in toddlers with increasing abdominal girth. Annals of emergency medicine, 15855950.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15855950/
Marino B, Ogliari C, & Basilisco G. (2004). Effect of rectal distension on abdominal girth. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 15306005.
Q.
What are the potential causes of rapid abdominal weight gain?
A.
Rapid abdominal weight gain can be due to factors like quick weight gain after birth, problems with stomach emptying, or weight cycling.
References:
Demerath EW, Reed D, Choh AC, Soloway L, Lee M, Czerwinski SA, et al. (2009). Rapid postnatal weight gain and visceral adiposity in .... Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 19373221.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19373221/
Parkman HP, Van Natta M, Yamada G, Grover M, McCallum RW, Sarosiek I, et al. (2021). Body weight in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 32930463.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32930463/
Cereda E, Malavazos AE, Caccialanza R, Rondanelli M, Fatati G, & Barichella M. (2011). Weight cycling is associated with body weight excess and .... Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 21764186.
Q.
What can I do to prevent stomach bloating after meals?
A.
To prevent stomach bloating after meals, try eating slowly, avoiding certain foods, and doing light physical activity like walking.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Hosseini-Asl MK, Taherifard E, & Mousavi MR. (2021). The effect of a short-term physical activity after meals on .... Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench, 33868611.
Q.
What causes a heavy feeling in the upper stomach?
A.
A heavy feeling in the upper stomach can be caused by gallstones, digestive issues without a clear disease, or thyroid problems affecting the gut.
References:
Diehl AK. (1992). Symptoms of gallstone disease. Bailliere's clinical gastroenterology, 1486206.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1486206/
Miwa H. (2012). Why dyspepsia can occur without organic disease. Journal of gastroenterology, 22766746.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22766746/
Ebert EC. (2010). The thyroid and the gut. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 20351569.
Q.
What causes a tight feeling in the upper stomach?
A.
A tight feeling in the upper stomach can be caused by issues like abdominal wall pain, gallstone disease, or celiac plexus syndrome.
References:
Feurle GE. (2007). Abdominal wall pain--classification, diagnosis and .... Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 18043883.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18043883/
Diehl AK. (1992). Symptoms of gallstone disease. Bailliere's clinical gastroenterology, 1486206.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1486206/
Maratka Z. (1993). Celiac (solar) plexus syndrome. A frequently overlooked .... Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 8463630.
Q.
What conditions could lead to an enlarged stomach?
A.
An enlarged stomach can be caused by conditions like acute gastric dilatation, which is a sudden and severe swelling of the stomach. This can be dangerous and needs medical attention.
References:
Shaikh DH, Jyala A, Mehershahi S, Sinha C, & Chilimuri S. (2021). Acute Gastric Dilatation: A Cause for Concern. Case reports in gastroenterology, 33708066.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33708066/
Watanabe S, Terazawa K, Asari M, Matsubara K, Shiono H, & Shimizu K. (2008). An autopsy case of sudden death due to acute gastric .... Forensic science international, 18757145.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18757145/
Koch KL. (2003). Diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders of the .... Current gastroenterology reports, 12864963.
Q.
What conditions might cause an enlarged, hard stomach?
A.
An enlarged, hard stomach can be caused by serious conditions like acute gastric issues or abdominal compartment syndrome, which may require urgent medical attention.
References:
Watanabe S, Terazawa K, Asari M, Matsubara K, Shiono H, & Shimizu K. (2008). An autopsy case of sudden death due to acute gastric .... Forensic science international, 18757145.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18757145/
Jambet S, Guiu B, Olive-Abergel P, Grandvuillemin A, Yeguiayan JM, & Ortega-Deballon P. (2012). Psychiatric drug-induced fatal abdominal compartment .... The American journal of emergency medicine, 21354752.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21354752/
Omata J, Utsunomiya K, Kajiwara Y, Takahata R, Miyasaka N, Sugasawa H, et al. (2016). Acute gastric volvulus associated with wandering spleen in .... Surgical case reports, 27221130.
Q.
What could be causing pressure and fullness in my abdomen?
A.
Pressure and fullness in the abdomen can be caused by bloating, which may result from various digestive issues or gut-brain interactions.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Ford AC, Staudacher HM, & Talley NJ. (2024). Postprandial symptoms in disorders of gut-brain interaction .... Gut, 38697774.
Q.
What could be causing stomach pain and bloating after eating?
A.
Stomach pain and bloating after eating can be caused by various factors, including digestive issues and gut-brain interactions.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Ford AC, Staudacher HM, & Talley NJ. (2024). Postprandial symptoms in disorders of gut-brain interaction .... Gut, 38697774.
Q.
What could be the reason for my stomach feeling heavy?
A.
A heavy feeling in the stomach can be due to issues like thyroid problems, gas in the intestines, or swallowing too much air.
References:
Ebert EC. (2010). The thyroid and the gut. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 20351569.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351569/
Maconi G, Furfaro F, Fries W, Dell'Era A, Bezzio C, Costantino G, et al. (2017). Intestinal gas and liver steatosis: a casual association? A .... Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 27375263.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27375263/
Bredenoord AJ. (2013). Management of belching, hiccups, and aerophagia. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 22982101.
Q.
What could cause a bloated stomach and back pain in females?
A.
A bloated stomach and back pain in females can be caused by gastrointestinal issues or gallstone disease, and may also be linked to emotional symptoms.
References:
Smith MD, Russell A, & Hodges PW. (2008). How common is back pain in women with gastrointestinal .... The Clinical journal of pain, 18287824.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287824/
Huerta-Franco MR, & Malacara JM. (1993). Association of physical and emotional symptoms with the .... The Journal of reproductive medicine, 8331624.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8331624/
Diehl AK. (1992). Symptoms of gallstone disease. Bailliere's clinical gastroenterology, 1486206.
Q.
What could cause a bloated stomach and pain on the left side after eating?
A.
A bloated stomach and left-side pain after eating can be caused by conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, thyroid issues, or sugar malabsorption.
References:
Corsetti M, & Whorwell PJ. (2015). Managing irritable bowel syndrome in primary care. The Practitioner, 26455114.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26455114/
Ebert EC. (2010). The thyroid and the gut. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 20351569.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351569/
Fernández-Bañares F, Rosinach M, Esteve M, Forné M, Espinós JC, & Maria Viver J. (2006). Sugar malabsorption in functional abdominal bloating. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 16410032.
Q.
What could cause a heavy feeling at the bottom of my stomach?
A.
A heavy feeling in the lower stomach can be caused by various factors, including conditions related to the pelvic area, post-menopausal changes, or complications after childbirth.
References:
Reddy J, Barber MD, Walters MD, Paraiso MF, & Jelovsek JE. (2011). Lower abdominal and pelvic pain with advanced .... American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 21345412.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21345412/
Rotoli JM. (2017). Abdominal Pain in the Post-menopausal Female. The Journal of emergency medicine, 28238384.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28238384/
Sax MR, & Whiteside JL. (2019). Persistent Abdominal Pain 2 Years After Cesarean Delivery. Obstetrics and gynecology, 31188327.
Q.
What could cause extreme swelling of the abdomen?
A.
Extreme swelling of the abdomen can be caused by conditions like abdominal compartment syndrome or acute pancreatitis. These conditions can lead to severe bloating and pressure inside the abdomen.
References:
Blevins DV, & Khanduja KS. (2001). Abdominal compartment syndrome with massive lower- .... The American surgeon, 11379647.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11379647/
Wang YY, Qian ZY, Jin WW, Chen K, Xu XD, Mou YP, & Zhang W. (2019). Acute pancreatitis with abdominal bloating and distension, .... Medicine, 30985682.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30985682/
Koomans HA, & Boer WH. (1997). Causes of edema in the intensive care unit. Kidney international. Supplement, 9185115.
Q.
What could cause my stomach to be full of gas?
A.
Your stomach might be full of gas due to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or because of certain foods that cause bloating.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Hasler WL. (2007). Irritable bowel syndrome and bloating. Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 17643909.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17643909/
Corsetti M, & Whorwell PJ. (2015). Managing irritable bowel syndrome in primary care. The Practitioner, 26455114.
Q.
What could lead to rapid abdominal swelling?
A.
Rapid abdominal swelling can be caused by conditions like mesothelioma, intra-abdominal hypertension, or hereditary angioedema.
References:
Vyas D, Pihl K, Kavuturu S, & Vyas A. (2012). Mesothelioma as a rapidly developing Giant Abdominal Cyst. World journal of surgical oncology, 23256650.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23256650/
Rogers WK, & Garcia L. (2018). Intraabdominal Hypertension, Abdominal Compartment .... Chest, 28780148.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28780148/
Moellman JJ, & Bernstein JA. (2012). Diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema. The Journal of emergency medicine, 22285754.
Q.
What dietary changes help with reducing bloating?
A.
To reduce bloating, consider trying a low-FODMAP diet and avoid foods that cause gas. It's also helpful to eat slowly and in smaller portions.
References:
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Pessarelli T, Sorge A, Elli L, & Costantino A. (2022). The low-FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet in .... Frontiers in nutrition, 36424920.
Q.
What does increased abdominal girth indicate about my health?
A.
Increased abdominal girth can mean bloating or distension, often linked to digestive issues like constipation or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It's important to consider other symptoms and consult a healthcare provider for a proper assessment.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Issa B, Morris J, & Whorwell PJ. (2018). Abdominal distension in health and irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 30070066.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30070066/
Houghton LA. (2011). Bloating in constipation: relevance of intraluminal gas .... Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 21382585.
Q.
What does it mean if I have a persistently bloated stomach?
A.
A persistently bloated stomach can be caused by various factors, including digestive issues and dietary habits. It is important to identify the underlying cause to manage it effectively.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Iovino P, Bucci C, Tremolaterra F, Santonicola A, & Chiarioni G. (2014). Bloating and functional gastro-intestinal disorders. World journal of gastroenterology, 25339827.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25339827/
Zar S, Benson MJ, & Kumar D. (2002). Review article: bloating in functional bowel disorders. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 12390095.
Q.
What does it mean to have an enlarged abdomen?
A.
An enlarged abdomen can happen when you feel bloated or when your belly looks bigger than usual. This can be due to gas, overeating, or weight issues.
References:
Chang L, Lee OY, Naliboff B, Schmulson M, & Mayer EA. (2001). Sensation of bloating and visible abdominal distension in .... The American journal of gastroenterology, 11774947.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11774947/
Shacker M, Latorre-Rodríguez AR, & Mittal SK. (2024). Prevalence and severity of abdominal bloating in patients .... Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus, 37738150.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37738150/
Granström L, & Backman L. (1985). Stomach distension in extremely obese and in normal .... Acta chirurgica Scandinavica, 4036492.
Q.
What factors contribute to the rapid accumulation of belly fat?
A.
Belly fat can build up fast due to weight cycling, metabolic issues, and lifestyle factors.
References:
Cereda E, Malavazos AE, Caccialanza R, Rondanelli M, Fatati G, & Barichella M. (2011). Weight cycling is associated with body weight excess and .... Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 21764186.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21764186/
Misra A, Soares MJ, Mohan V, Anoop S, Abhishek V, Vaidya R, & Pradeepa R. (2018). Body fat, metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia in South .... Journal of diabetes and its complications, 30115487.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30115487/
Baek GH, Yoo KM, Kim SY, Lee DH, Chung H, Jung SC, et al. (2023). Collagen Peptide Exerts an Anti-Obesity Effect by .... Nutrients, 37299573.
Q.
What might cause my stomach to feel swollen without weight gain?
A.
Feeling like your stomach is swollen without gaining weight can be due to bloating, which might be caused by gas, food intolerances, or digestive issues.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Sullivan SN. (2012). Functional abdominal bloating with distention. ISRN gastroenterology, 22778978.
Q.
What might cause my upper stomach to feel full even without eating much?
A.
Feeling full in the upper stomach without eating much could be due to a condition called gastroparesis, where the stomach empties food slowly. It can also be related to how the stomach accommodates food.
References:
Koch KL, & Stern RM. (1996). Functional disorders of the stomach. Seminars in gastrointestinal disease, 8902932.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8902932/
Hagopian GG, Johnson KP, Shahsavari D, & Parkman HP. (2022). Meal Eating Characteristics of Patients with Gastroparesis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 34324088.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324088/
Parkman HP, Van Natta ML, Maurer AH, Koch KL, Grover M, Malik Z, et al. (2022). roles of gastric emptying and accommodation. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 35502871.
Q.
What might cause my upper stomach to feel like it's been punched?
A.
Feeling like your upper stomach has been punched can be caused by conditions such as abdominal trauma or specific types of hernias.
References:
Chen DP, Walayat S, Balouch IL, Martin DK, & Lynch TJ. (2017). Abdominal pain with a twist: a rare presentation of acute .... Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 5676972.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5676972/
Barrett C, & Smith D. (2012). RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF ABDOMINAL .... International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 3414076.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3414076/
So HF, & Nabi H. (2018). Handlebar hernia - A rare complication from blunt trauma. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 6037005.
Q.
What might cause my upper stomach to feel weird or unusual?
A.
Feeling weird in your upper stomach can be caused by issues like acid reflux or thyroid problems affecting your gut.
References:
Torres D, Parrinello G, Trapanese C, & Licata G. (2010). Sudden severe abdominal pain after a single low dose .... American journal of therapeutics, 19829093.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19829093/
Ebert EC. (2010). The thyroid and the gut. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 20351569.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351569/
Ahuja V, Yencha MW, & Lassen LF. (1999). Head and neck manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux .... American family physician, 10498113.
Q.
What might cause pressure in the pelvic area alongside bloating?
A.
Pelvic pressure and bloating can be caused by conditions like ovarian disorders or uterine fibroids.
References:
Oliver A, & Overton C. (2014). Detecting ovarian disorders in primary care. The Practitioner, 24791406.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24791406/
Bradley LD. (2009). Uterine fibroid embolization: a viable alternative to .... American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 19646564.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19646564/
Gupta S, Jose J, & Manyonda I. (2008). Clinical presentation of fibroids. Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 18372219.
Q.
What might cause rapid abdominal distension?
A.
Rapid abdominal distension can be caused by sudden medical issues like blockages in the stomach or intestines, or by certain types of cancer such as lymphoma.
References:
Klair JS, Girotra M, Medarametla S, & Shah HR. (2014). Sudden onset abdominal pain and distension. The Journal of the Arkansas Medical Society, 25654924.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25654924/
Song X, Wei Y, Zhang N, Sun X, & Kang L. (2024). A Case of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma With Rapidly .... Cureus, 39161525.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161525/
Lei J, & Wu L. (2025). Acute Abdominal Pain With Gastrointestinal Wall .... Cureus, 40104465.
Q.
What over-the-counter options are available for bloated stomach relief?
A.
For bloated stomach relief, over-the-counter options include an herbal medicine called Carmint and other self-medication methods for abdominal cramps.
References:
Giacosa A, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Fazia T, Bernardinelli L, et al. (2022). Beneficial Effects on Abdominal Bloating with an Innovative .... Nutrients, 35276778.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35276778/
Vejdani R, Shalmani HR, Mir-Fattahi M, Sajed-Nia F, Abdollahi M, Zali MR, et al. (2006). The efficacy of an herbal medicine, Carmint, on the relief .... Digestive diseases and sciences, 16868824.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16868824/
Storr M, Weigmann H, Landes S, & Michel MC. (2022). Self-Medication for the Treatment of Abdominal Cramps .... Journal of clinical medicine, 36362589.
Q.
What should I do if my stomach has a lot of acid?
A.
If your stomach has a lot of acid, consider changing your diet and habits, as these can help reduce acid levels and improve symptoms.
References:
Liang H, & Chen JD. (2005). Assessment of the esophageal pressure in .... Annals of biomedical engineering, 16078624.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16078624/
Khan M, Shah K, Gill SK, Gul N, J JK, Valladares V, et al. (2024). Dietary Habits and Their Impact on Gastroesophageal .... Cureus, 39192902.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39192902/
Kahrilas PJ, & Lee TJ. (2005). Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Thoracic surgery clinics, 16104123.
Q.
What steps can I take when my stomach has a lot of gas?
A.
To reduce stomach gas, try eating slowly, avoiding carbonated drinks, and staying active. If gas persists, consult a healthcare provider for further advice.
References:
Azpiroz F, & Serra J. (2004). Treatment of Excessive Intestinal Gas. Current treatment options in gastroenterology, 15238205.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15238205/
Jones MP. (2005). Bloating and intestinal gas. Current treatment options in gastroenterology, 16009032.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16009032/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
Q.
What symptoms can occur if you have a lot of gas in your stomach?
A.
Having a lot of gas in your stomach can make you feel bloated and cause your belly to stick out. It might also make you feel uncomfortable or have a tummy ache.
References:
Hasler WL. (2007). Irritable bowel syndrome and bloating. Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 17643909.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17643909/
Chang L, Lee OY, Naliboff B, Schmulson M, & Mayer EA. (2001). Sensation of bloating and visible abdominal distension in .... The American journal of gastroenterology, 11774947.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11774947/
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
Q.
Why do carbs cause stomach pain and bloating?
A.
Carbs can cause stomach pain and bloating because some people have trouble digesting them, leading to gas and discomfort.
References:
Fernández-Bañares F, Rosinach M, Esteve M, Forné M, Espinós JC, & Maria Viver J. (2006). Sugar malabsorption in functional abdominal bloating. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 16410032.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16410032/
Ong DK, Mitchell SB, Barrett JS, Shepherd SJ, Irving PM, Biesiekierski JR, et al. (2010). Manipulation of dietary short chain carbohydrates alters the .... Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 20659225.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20659225/
Barrett JS, & Gibson PR. (2012). FODMAPs or food chemicals?. Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 22778791.
Q.
Why do I experience bloating after eating certain foods?
A.
Bloating after eating certain foods may be due to how your body processes sugars and other nutrients, which can cause gas and discomfort.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Fernández-Bañares F, Rosinach M, Esteve M, Forné M, Espinós JC, & Maria Viver J. (2006). Sugar malabsorption in functional abdominal bloating. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 16410032.
Q.
Why do I experience upper stomach bloating after meals?
A.
Upper stomach bloating after meals can be due to various reasons, like how your stomach reacts to food or how it moves food along. It can also be related to how your body senses signals from the stomach.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143108/
Feinle-Bisset C. (2016). Upper gastrointestinal sensitivity to meal-related signals in .... Physiology & behavior, 27013098.
Q.
Why does my stomach bloat even after eating very little?
A.
Stomach bloating, even after eating little, can happen due to various reasons like gas buildup or difficulty digesting certain sugars.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, & Vazquez-Roque M. (2021). Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 32246999.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32246999/
Fernández-Bañares F, Rosinach M, Esteve M, Forné M, Espinós JC, & Maria Viver J. (2006). Sugar malabsorption in functional abdominal bloating. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 16410032.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16410032/
Serra J. (2022). Management of bloating. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 35143108.
Q.
Why does my stomach feel bloated after drinking alcohol?
A.
Drinking alcohol can make your stomach feel bloated because it affects how your stomach and intestines work, and it can also change the way your stomach feels and acts.
References:
Reding KW, Cain KC, Jarrett ME, Eugenio MD, & Heitkemper MM. (2013). Relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption and .... The American journal of gastroenterology, 23295280.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23295280/
Bienia A, Sodolski W, & Luchowska E. (2002). The effect of chronic alcohol abuse on gastric and .... Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio D: Medicina, 12898897.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12898897/
Grande L, Manterola C, Ros E, Lacima G, & Pera C. (1997). Effects of red wine on 24-hour esophageal pH and .... Digestive diseases and sciences, 9201083.
Q.
Why does my stomach feel bloated after pooping?
A.
Feeling bloated after pooping can be linked to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects how your gut works and feels.
References:
Corsetti M, & Whorwell PJ. (2015). Managing irritable bowel syndrome in primary care. The Practitioner, 26455114.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26455114/
Misery L, Duboc H, Coffin B, Brenaut E, Huet F, & Taieb C. (2019). Irritable bowel and sensitive skin syndromes. European journal of pain (London, England), 30076662.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30076662/
Grundy L, & Brierley SM. (2018). Cross-organ sensitization between the colon and bladder. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 29146678.
Q.
Why does my stomach feel heavy even when I haven't eaten?
A.
A heavy feeling in your stomach without eating could be related to gas, liver issues, or gallstones.
References:
Maconi G, Furfaro F, Fries W, Dell'Era A, Bezzio C, Costantino G, et al. (2017). Intestinal gas and liver steatosis: a casual association? A .... Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 27375263.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27375263/
Diehl AK. (1992). Symptoms of gallstone disease. Bailliere's clinical gastroenterology, 1486206.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1486206/
Sato Y, & Fukudo S. (2015). Gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders in patients with .... Clinical journal of gastroenterology, 26499370.
Q.
Why does my upper stomach feel empty right after eating?
A.
Feeling an empty sensation in your upper stomach after eating might be related to visceral hypersensitivity, which can be influenced by factors like cold water intake.
References:
Zuo XL, Li YQ, Shi L, Lv GP, Kuang RG, Lu XF, et al. (2006). Visceral hypersensitivity following cold water intake in .... Journal of gastroenterology, 16741609.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16741609/
van Dam JH, Gosselink MJ, Drogendijk AC, Hop WC, & Schouten WR. (1997). Changes in bowel function after hysterectomy. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 9369110.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9369110/
Mathew RJ, Wilson WH, Humphreys D, Lowe JV, & Wiethe KE. (1992). Middle cerebral artery velocity during upright posture after .... Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1529742.
Q.
Why might a female feel sick and tired with a bloated stomach?
A.
Feeling sick, tired, and bloated can be related to gastroparesis or gallstone disease. These conditions can cause fatigue and stomach discomfort.
References:
Cherian D, Paladugu S, Pathikonda M, & Parkman HP. (2012). Fatigue: a prevalent symptom in gastroparesis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 22669206.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22669206/
Diehl AK. (1992). Symptoms of gallstone disease. Bailliere's clinical gastroenterology, 1486206.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1486206/
Theckumparampil N, Elsamra SE, Carons A, Salami SS, Leavitt D, Kavoussi A, et al. (2015). Symptoms after removal of ureteral stents. Journal of endourology, 25137344.
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