Immune thrombocytopenic purpura quiz
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Learn more about Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Content updated on Jun 1, 2022
What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura?
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by a decrease in platelets in the blood which are cells in the blood that help in clotting. ITP can cause easy bruising and bleeding. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets. Triggers include infections like HIV, hepatitis, etc.
Symptoms related to immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Bruising easily
Bloody or red urine
Nose or gum bleeding
Red spots on the skin
Purple rash
Bleeding inside joint
Questions your doctor may ask to check for immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Your doctor may ask these questions to diagnose immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Do you bleed easily, even due to minor injuries?
Is there blood in your stool?
Have you ever had red or brown urine (hematuria)?
Do you have bleeding in your nose or gums?
Do you have small red dots which look like bleeding under the skin?
Treatment for immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Children with ITP usually recover without treatment. Adults need treatment with medication to suppress the immune cells, increase platelet production/ prevent bleeding and blood transfusion. Rarely the spleen may need to be removed. In ITP, the immune system treats platelets as foreign and destroys them. Spleen removes these damaged platelets, hence spleen removal helps keep more platelets circulating in the body.
View the symptoms of Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Diseases related to Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Leukemia
Hemophilia
Endometriosis
von Willebrand disease (vWD)
Cushing syndrome
References
Cines DB, Blanchette VS. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med. 2002 Mar 28;346(13):995-1008. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra010501. PMID: 11919310.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra010501
David P, Dotan A, Mahroum N, Shoenfeld Y. Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Triggered by COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination. Isr Med Assoc J. 2021 Jun;23(6):378-380. PMID: 34155853.
https://www.ima.org.il/MedicineIMAJ/viewarticle.aspx?year=2021&month=06&page=378
Rodeghiero F, Stasi R, Gernsheimer T, Michel M, Provan D, Arnold DM, Bussel JB, Cines DB, Chong BH, Cooper N, Godeau B, Lechner K, Mazzucconi MG, McMillan R, Sanz MA, Imbach P, Blanchette V, Kühne T, Ruggeri M, George JN. Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group. Blood. 2009 Mar 12;113(11):2386-93. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-07-162503. Epub 2008 Nov 12. PMID: 19005182.
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/113/11/2386/109971/Standardization-of-terminology-definitions-and
Candelli M, Rossi E, Valletta F, De Stefano V, Franceschi F. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Br J Haematol. 2021 Aug;194(3):547-549. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17508. Epub 2021 May 2. PMID: 33934330; PMCID: PMC8239819.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjh.17508
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Seiji Kanazawa, MD, PHD
Obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN)
National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan