Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Quiz
Reviewed By:
Osler Jay Justo Guzon, MD (Cardiology)
Dr. Guzon graduated from the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine with a BLA and MD. He then completed his Internal Medicine Residency at St. Louis University before a fellowship in Cardiovascular Diseases at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He has since working as an invasive cardiologist with a particular interest in preventative medicine and cardiometabolic disease. Over the past several years, Dr. Guzon has served on the speaker bureaus of AstraZeneca, Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Aralez.
Eisaku Kamakura, MD (Respiratory medicine)
Dr. Kamakura graduated from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Dentistry, and the Niigata University School of Medicine. He trained at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital and held positions in the Respiratory Medicine departments at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ome City General Hospital, and Musashino Red Cross Hospital. In 2021, he became the specially appointed assistant professor at the Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine.
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Have difficulty breathing
Breathing abnormally with skin getting "sucked in" above the collarbone and between the ribs
Breathing is difficult when lying down, breathing is easy when raising the upper body
Allergic reaction after eating/touching something I have a known allergy to
Having difficulty breathing, using shoulders and muscles to breathe
Breathlessness happens or gets worse when the air is cold
Air feels trapped in my lungs and I can't breathe it out
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Developed by doctors.
Learn more about Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Content updated on Sep 20, 2022
Pulmonary arterial hypertension refers to high blood pressure in the small blood vessels in the lungs. It could be due to heart disease, connective tissue disease, blood vessel disease, high blood pressure, liver disease, blood clots in the blood vessels to the lungs, and lung diseases. It can affect anyone but is more common in women.
Feeling breathless
Feel the heart is pounding
Easily fatigued
Hands and feet turned pale and blue
My pulse feels irregular
Fingers and toes turn from pale blue to purplish-red when in the cold
Losing consciousness
Irregular heartbeat
Your doctor may ask these questions to diagnose pulmonary arterial hypertension
Are you breathless or having hard time breathing?
Do you feel your heart is pounding?
Do you get tired easily?
Do you have purple blue colored skin?
Does your pulse feel disordered (irregular)?
There is no cure, but medications are available to control and slow disease progression. Medications may be taken orally, inhaled, or administered into the vein (IV line.) Lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise and quitting smoking should be adopted. Severe cases may require further treatment such as an organ transplant.
View the symptoms of Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Diseases related to Pulmonary arterial hypertension
References
Hassoun PM. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2021 Dec 16;385(25):2361-2376. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2000348. PMID: 34910865.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra2000348
Coons JC, Pogue K, Kolodziej AR, Hirsch GA, George MP. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: a Pharmacotherapeutic Update. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019 Nov 22;21(11):141. doi: 10.1007/s11886-019-1235-4. PMID: 31758342.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11886-019-1235-4
Galiè N, Channick RN, Frantz RP, Grünig E, Jing ZC, Moiseeva O, Preston IR, Pulido T, Safdar Z, Tamura Y, McLaughlin VV. Risk stratification and medical therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jan 24;53(1):1801889. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01889-2018. PMID: 30545971; PMCID: PMC6351343.
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/53/1/1801889
Rosenzweig EB, Abman SH, Adatia I, Beghetti M, Bonnet D, Haworth S, Ivy DD, Berger RMF. Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates on definition, classification, diagnostics and management. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jan 24;53(1):1801916. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01916-2018. PMID: 30545978; PMCID: PMC6351335.
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/53/1/1801916
Southgate L, Machado RD, Gräf S, Morrell NW. Molecular genetic framework underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020 Feb;17(2):85-95. doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0242-x. Epub 2019 Aug 12. PMID: 31406341.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-019-0242-x
Reviewed By:
Osler Jay Justo Guzon, MD (Cardiology)
Dr. Guzon graduated from the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine with a BLA and MD. He then completed his Internal Medicine Residency at St. Louis University before a fellowship in Cardiovascular Diseases at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He has since working as an invasive cardiologist with a particular interest in preventative medicine and cardiometabolic disease. Over the past several years, Dr. Guzon has served on the speaker bureaus of AstraZeneca, Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Aralez.
Eisaku Kamakura, MD (Respiratory medicine)
Dr. Kamakura graduated from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Dentistry, and the Niigata University School of Medicine. He trained at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital and held positions in the Respiratory Medicine departments at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ome City General Hospital, and Musashino Red Cross Hospital. In 2021, he became the specially appointed assistant professor at the Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine.
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Seiji Kanazawa, MD, PHD
Obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN)
National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan