Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Quiz
Reviewed By:
Osler Jay Justo Guzon, MD (Cardiology)
Dr. Guzon graduated from the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine with a BLA and MD. He then completed his Internal Medicine Residency at St. Louis University before a fellowship in Cardiovascular Diseases at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He has since working as an invasive cardiologist with a particular interest in preventative medicine and cardiometabolic disease. Over the past several years, Dr. Guzon has served on the speaker bureaus of AstraZeneca, Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Aralez.
Eisaku Kamakura, MD (Respiratory medicine)
Dr. Kamakura graduated from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Dentistry, and the Niigata University School of Medicine. He trained at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital and held positions in the Respiratory Medicine departments at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ome City General Hospital, and Musashino Red Cross Hospital. In 2021, he became the specially appointed assistant professor at the Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine.
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Shortness of breath when lying down
Breathing out is easy but breathing in is difficult
Wake up in the middle of the night with shortness of breath
I have heart arrhythmia
Feeling that I am suffocating and will die from the breathlessness
Irregular heartbeat while resting
Shortness of breath in the morning
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Learn more about Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Content updated on Sep 20, 2022
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is high blood pressure in the small blood vessels of the lungs. It can be caused by heart disease, connective tissue disease, blood vessel disease, high blood pressure, liver disease, blood clots in the blood vessels to the lungs, and lung diseases. It can affect anyone but is more common in women.
Feeling breathless
Feel the heart is pounding
Easily fatigued
Hands and feet turned pale and blue
My pulse feels irregular
Fingers and toes turn from pale blue to purplish-red when in the cold
Losing consciousness
Irregular heartbeat
Your doctor may ask these questions to diagnose pulmonary arterial hypertension
Are you breathless or having hard time breathing?
Do you feel your heart is pounding?
Do you get tired easily?
Do you have purple blue colored skin?
Does your pulse feel disordered (irregular)?
There is no cure, but medications can control and slow disease progression. Medications may be taken orally, inhaled, or given through an IV line. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and quitting smoking should be adopted. Severe cases may need further treatment such as an organ transplant.
View the symptoms of Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Diseases related to Pulmonary arterial hypertension
References
Hassoun PM. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2021 Dec 16;385(25):2361-2376. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2000348. PMID: 34910865.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra2000348
Coons JC, Pogue K, Kolodziej AR, Hirsch GA, George MP. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: a Pharmacotherapeutic Update. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019 Nov 22;21(11):141. doi: 10.1007/s11886-019-1235-4. PMID: 31758342.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11886-019-1235-4
Galiè N, Channick RN, Frantz RP, Grünig E, Jing ZC, Moiseeva O, Preston IR, Pulido T, Safdar Z, Tamura Y, McLaughlin VV. Risk stratification and medical therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jan 24;53(1):1801889. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01889-2018. PMID: 30545971; PMCID: PMC6351343.
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/53/1/1801889
Rosenzweig EB, Abman SH, Adatia I, Beghetti M, Bonnet D, Haworth S, Ivy DD, Berger RMF. Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates on definition, classification, diagnostics and management. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jan 24;53(1):1801916. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01916-2018. PMID: 30545978; PMCID: PMC6351335.
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/53/1/1801916
Southgate L, Machado RD, Gräf S, Morrell NW. Molecular genetic framework underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020 Feb;17(2):85-95. doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0242-x. Epub 2019 Aug 12. PMID: 31406341.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-019-0242-x
User testimonials
Reviewed By:
Osler Jay Justo Guzon, MD (Cardiology)
Dr. Guzon graduated from the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine with a BLA and MD. He then completed his Internal Medicine Residency at St. Louis University before a fellowship in Cardiovascular Diseases at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He has since working as an invasive cardiologist with a particular interest in preventative medicine and cardiometabolic disease. Over the past several years, Dr. Guzon has served on the speaker bureaus of AstraZeneca, Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Aralez.
Eisaku Kamakura, MD (Respiratory medicine)
Dr. Kamakura graduated from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Dentistry, and the Niigata University School of Medicine. He trained at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital and held positions in the Respiratory Medicine departments at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ome City General Hospital, and Musashino Red Cross Hospital. In 2021, he became the specially appointed assistant professor at the Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine.
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Dale Mueller, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vascular surgery
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Associates