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Try one of these related symptoms.
Breast tenderness
Pain when pressing on the breast
This describes a painful sensation when pressing on the breast that can occur when a patient touches herself or when a physician or other person touches her breasts. Breast tenderness is usually caused by fluctuations in hormone levels. Breast tenderness that occurs with a menstrual period and then goes away is not worrisome and does not require a physician evaluation. Breast tenderness that persists and does not go away after a few weeks should be evaluated by a physician.
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
Generally, Breast tenderness can be related to:
Inflammation of the breast, caused by bacteria entering the milk ducts or by a duct becoming blocked. Good breastfeeding technique and avoiding pressure on the breast can help prevent it.
Breast cancer is a malignancy that arises in the breasts of men or women. It can arise from ducts or lobules. Patients either find a lump or have an abnormal mammogram. Risk factors include being female, having breasts, have a genetic predisposition (eg a gene you inherit from a parent), family history of breast or ovarian cancer, getting older, personal history of breast biopsies, dense breasts on mammography, or ovarian cancer, alcohol, and obesity. Protective factors include pregnancy, especially at a younger age, weight maintenance especially after menopause, and exercise.
A condition where a painful lump forms in the breast due to imbalances in female hormone levels, causing symptoms to occur before and during menstruation.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
Reviewed By:
Alice Police, MD (Breast Surgery)
Breast Surgeon of 30 years experience. Recent Chief of breast surgery at UCIrvine Medical Center, Northwell Health in New York State, Chief of breast surgery at Monument Health in Rapid City South Dakota. Breast Cancer Researcher in conjunction with multiple studies through Notre Dame department of electrical engineering. CMO of Nearwave, a start up breast cancer device company.
Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)
Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.
Content updated on Dec 5, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Q.
Why is my nipple puffy?
A.
Puffy nipples are often harmless and usually caused by normal breast development, hormonal shifts, weight or anatomy differences, and in males can be benign gynecomastia. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more. Get medical care sooner if you have a hard or fixed lump, nipple discharge, skin changes, rapid one-sided swelling, fever with redness, or severe pain, as serious causes like infection, medication effects, endocrine or liver disease, or rarely cancer are possible; below you will find home checks, when to see a clinician, what tests to expect, and treatment options that can guide your next steps.
References:
Johnson RE, & Murad MH. (2009). Gynecomastia: pathophysiology, evaluation, and management. Mayo Clin Proc, 19197302.
Kim WR, Biggins SW, & Kremers WK. (2008). Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waitin… N Engl J Med, 18346780.
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrh… Gastroenterology, 16530509.
Q.
Why do my nipples hurt when touched not pregnant after workouts?
A.
There are several factors to consider. Even when not pregnant, post‑workout nipple pain is usually from friction/chafing, sweat/salt irritation, contact dermatitis, yeast/bacterial overgrowth, chest‑muscle strain, or normal hormone sensitivity—and it often improves with a well‑fitting moisture‑wicking sports bra, protective balm, and prompt drying. See below for step‑by‑step prevention and the red flags (new lump, discharge, spreading redness/fever, or skin changes) that determine when to seek medical care.
References:
Mansel RE, & Webster DJ. (2008). Mastalgia: classification, pathogenesis, evaluation, and management… American Family Physician, 18165194.
Malinchoc M, & Kamath PS. (2000). A model to predict survival in patients with end‐stage liver disease… Hepatology, 10659068.
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2005). Prospective comparison of transient elastography, FibroTest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C… Gastroenterology, 16325927.
Q.
Why do my nipples hurt when touched not pregnant and stressed?
A.
There are several factors to consider: even when not pregnant, nipple tenderness is usually benign and can result from cyclical hormone shifts (including perimenopause), stress-related cortisol changes and chest wall tension, friction from clothing or ill‑fitting bras, skin conditions or infections, medication effects, referred chest wall pain, and—less commonly—Paget’s disease or breast cancer. Try a supportive bra, stress reduction, warm/cold compresses or OTC pain relief, and track triggers; seek prompt care for persistent one‑sided pain, discharge (especially bloody/clear), nonhealing rash/ulceration, a lump, fever, or sudden severe pain—complete details and next steps are outlined below.
References:
Mansel RE, & Webster DJ. (1987). Mastalgia: classification, causes and management… Br J Surg, 2431067.
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
D'Amico G, Garcia‐Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review… J Hepatol, 16371845.
Q.
Why do my nipples hurt when touched not pregnant during my cycle?
A.
Most nipple pain during your cycle when you’re not pregnant is usually from normal hormonal swings (cyclical mastalgia) that increase breast sensitivity, but fibrocystic changes, skin irritation, friction, infection, or rarer issues can also contribute. Simple steps like a supportive bra, warm compresses, OTC pain relievers, and cutting back on caffeine/salt/alcohol often help, but seek care for one-sided or persistent pain, discharge, skin changes, a hard lump, or infection signs. There are several factors to consider and important next steps that may apply to you—see below for details.
References:
Rapkin AJ, & Papka RE. (1991). Cyclical breast pain (mastalgia). N Engl J Med, 1900659.
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrh... J Hepatol, 16337341.
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2008). Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transe... J Hepatol, 18395366.
Q.
Why do my nipples hurt when touched not pregnant with skin irritation?
A.
Skin irritation is a leading cause—often from contact dermatitis (soaps/detergents, fabrics), eczema/psoriasis, chafing, or allergies—but hormones, infections (bacterial/yeast/herpes), injury, and rare conditions like Paget’s disease or inflammatory breast cancer can also contribute. Try gentle, fragrance-free products, a supportive bra, cool compresses, and short-term hydrocortisone for dermatitis, and seek care urgently for persistent/worsening pain, discharge (especially bloody), new lumps, spreading redness/fever, or nipple/skin changes. There are several factors to consider; key details and next steps that could affect your care are outlined below.
References:
Hill CL, & Simpson JB. (1996). Clinical evaluation and management of the patient with breast pain. J Am Board Fam Pract, 8870596.
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. Journal of Hepatology, 16473522.
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, et al. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 12706565.
Q.
Why do my nipples hurt when touched not pregnant after workouts?
A.
There are several factors to consider. Even when not pregnant, post‑workout nipple pain is usually from friction/chafing, sweat/salt irritation, contact dermatitis, yeast/bacterial overgrowth, chest‑muscle strain, or normal hormone sensitivity—and it often improves with a well‑fitting moisture‑wicking sports bra, protective balm, and prompt drying. See below for step‑by‑step prevention and the red flags (new lump, discharge, spreading redness/fever, or skin changes) that determine when to seek medical care.
References:
Mansel RE, & Webster DJ. (2008). Mastalgia: classification, pathogenesis, evaluation, and management… American Family Physician, 18165194.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18165194/
Malinchoc M, & Kamath PS. (2000). A model to predict survival in patients with end‐stage liver disease… Hepatology, 10659068.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10659068/
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2005). Prospective comparison of transient elastography, FibroTest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C… Gastroenterology, 16325927.
Q.
Why do my nipples hurt when touched not pregnant with skin irritation?
A.
Skin irritation is a leading cause—often from contact dermatitis (soaps/detergents, fabrics), eczema/psoriasis, chafing, or allergies—but hormones, infections (bacterial/yeast/herpes), injury, and rare conditions like Paget’s disease or inflammatory breast cancer can also contribute. Try gentle, fragrance-free products, a supportive bra, cool compresses, and short-term hydrocortisone for dermatitis, and seek care urgently for persistent/worsening pain, discharge (especially bloody), new lumps, spreading redness/fever, or nipple/skin changes. There are several factors to consider; key details and next steps that could affect your care are outlined below.
References:
Hill CL, & Simpson JB. (1996). Clinical evaluation and management of the patient with breast pain. J Am Board Fam Pract, 8870596.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8870596/
D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. Journal of Hepatology, 16473522.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16473522/
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, et al. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 12706565.
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