Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Quiz
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Calf pain
Thigh pain
Varicose veins
Swollen feet
Leg pain
Leg discoloration
Red skin discoloration on lower legs
Swelling in one foot only
Burning sensation in leg
Leg swelling
Leg pain when lying down
Upper thigh pain
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
A condition in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually affecting the legs. The blood clot impairs blood circulation. Sometimes, the clots can dislodge and travel to an artery in your lung, which is a medical emergency.
Typical Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- History of brain tumour
- Personal history of lupus / SLE
- Had a line inserted over my neck or groin in the last 3 months
- Swelling or water retention on one side of the body
- History of cancer within last 1 year
- Diagnosed with Crohn's disease in the past
- History of deep vein thrombosis / blood clot in my leg veins
- Thigh pain
Diagnostic Questions for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Have you ever had a brain tumor?
- Have you ever been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
- Have you had a central venous catheter inserted recently?
- Is one side of your body swollen?
- Have you had cancer in the past year?
Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Treatment for deep vein thrombosis primarily focuses on preventing the clot from growing further using blood-thinning medications and medication to break up the clots. In severe cases, surgery or an interventional radiology procedure to remove the clots may be required.
Reviewed By:
Maxwell J. Nanes, DO (Emergency Medicine)
Dr Nanes received a doctorate from the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and went on to complete a residency in emergency medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin. There he trained at Froedtert Hospital and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in the practice of adult and pediatric emergency medicine. He was a chief resident and received numerous awards for teaching excellence during his time there. | | After residency he took a job at a community hospital where he and his colleagues worked through the toughest days of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)
Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.
Content updated on Dec 13, 2024
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Symptoms Related to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Diseases Related to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
FAQs
Q.
Is it a Blood Clot? Why Thrombosis Forms and Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more: thrombosis is a blood clot inside a vessel that forms when blood flow slows, a vessel’s lining is injured, or the blood is more prone to clot, and it can show up as one-sided leg swelling, pain, warmth, or redness, or as sudden chest pain and shortness of breath if a clot reaches the lungs. Medically approved next steps include urgent evaluation for red flags, diagnosis with ultrasound or imaging, and anticoagulants as first-line treatment, with compression, clot-busting drugs, and prevention strategies used in select cases; see below for specifics, timelines, and how personal risk factors like surgery, immobility, hormones, cancer, and pregnancy should guide what you do next.
References:
* Stevens SM, Woller SC, Bauer KA, Kasthuri R, Cushman M, Streiff M, Dunn K, Kett DH, James A, Douketis JD, Lim W, Witt DM, Crowther R, Garcia DA, Bates SM, Pauker SG, Dahm V, Schünemann H, Guyatt GH, Jaff MR, Cohen A, American Society of Hematology 2020 Guidelines for Management of Venous Thromboembolism. *Blood Adv*. 2020 Oct 27;4(20):5033-5038. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003057. PMID: 33104193; PMCID: PMC7588326.
* Wolberg AS, Campbell RA, Mackman N. Procoagulant activity in hemostasis and thrombosis. *J Thromb Haemost*. 2020 Sep;18(9):2125-2139. doi: 10.1111/jth.14925. Epub 2020 Aug 17. PMID: 32627962; PMCID: PMC7526735.
* Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, Bueno H, Geersing GJ, Harjola VP, Henschke M, Kerrinnes DS, Lip GYH, Parretti M, Popescu BA, Psaroudakis M, Reissig A, Righini M, Roffi M, Sznajdman W, Ten Cate H, Vlachopoulos C, Vliegen HW, Von Bardeleben RS; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). *Eur Heart J*. 2020 Jan 21;41(4):543-603. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405. Epub 2019 Aug 31. PMID: 31505060.
* Libby P, Pasterkamp G, Crea F, Koenig W, Steg PG, Mach F. The concept of atherothrombosis: an evolution in understanding and treatment of cardiovascular disease. *J Intern Med*. 2023 Apr;293(4):396-412. doi: 10.1111/joim.13601. Epub 2023 Jan 22. PMID: 36683260.
* Al-Ani F, Al-Ani M, Kichloo A, Dasa O, Singh J, Shakaib R, Khan MA. Thromboembolism: A Comprehensive Review. *Cureus*. 2022 Mar 15;14(3):e23190. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23190. PMID: 35433235; PMCID: PMC9008986.
Q.
Is it DVT? Why your leg is swelling and the medical steps to take now.
A.
New swelling in one leg with pain, warmth, or redness can be a deep vein thrombosis blood clot that needs same-day medical evaluation; call a clinician now, seek emergency care if you also have chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing blood, or fainting, and avoid massaging the leg. Other causes of leg swelling range from prolonged standing or minor injury to varicose veins and heart, kidney, or liver problems, and the symptom pattern plus an ultrasound guides diagnosis and treatment with blood thinners. There are several factors to consider and important nuances that can change your next steps; see complete details below.
References:
* Righini M, et al. Deep Venous Thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Oct 14;385(16):1488-1499. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp2109988. PMID: 34651034.
* Lim W, et al. Clinical assessment of deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020 Jul;8(4):645-654. doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.01.006. PMID: 32669147.
* Al-Nouri O, et al. Approach to the Patient with Unilateral Leg Swelling. Am J Med. 2019 Aug;132(8):918-922. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.03.003. PMID: 31082103.
* Kesieme EB, et al. Deep Vein Thrombosis: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 18;10(6):1257. doi: 10.3390/jcm10061257. PMID: 33744610.
* D'Oronzio J, et al. Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2022;20(2):168-181. doi: 10.2174/1570161119666211116120516. PMID: 35017409.
Q.
Worried About Clots? The Reality of Heparin and Medically Approved Next Steps.
A.
Heparin is a proven, medically approved anticoagulant that rapidly prevents and treats serious clots like DVT and pulmonary embolism, with hospital monitoring to keep it safe. There are several factors to consider, including urgent symptoms to act on, how and when heparin is started, risks like bleeding or rare HIT, and what comes after; see below for details that could change your next steps.
References:
* Kumar R, Alhamad B, Hussain A, Patel R. Heparin: A Comprehensive Review on Current Medical Uses, Structural, and Biological Aspects. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 24;24(17):13146. PMID: 37637841.
* Cuker A. An Update on Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;36(6):1043-1057. PMID: 36024109.
* Kearon C, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2018 Oct;154(3):713-744. PMID: 30350482.
* Shah R, Patel P, Varma A, Patel P, Marwah A, Patoliya S, Parmar J, Parikh P. Current Anticoagulants and Their Reversal Strategies. J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 13;11(12):3396. PMID: 35741630.
* Konstantinides SV, Meyer G. Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: A Review. JAMA. 2022 Jul 5;328(1):79-91. PMID: 35791771.
Q.
Worried About Heparin? The Scientific Reality and Medical Next Steps
A.
Heparin is a long-studied anticoagulant that prevents life-threatening clots; its main risk is bleeding, with a rare condition called HIT, and when it is prescribed and monitored appropriately the benefits usually outweigh the risks. Do not stop it on your own; review all medications and risk factors with your clinician, know how you will be monitored, and seek urgent care for any signs of severe bleeding or sudden chest, breathing, or neurologic symptoms. There are several factors to consider that can shape your next steps; see the complete details below.
References:
* Linkins LA, Warkentin TE, O'Meara E, et al. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Narrative Review. Ann Intern Med. 2021 May;174(5):674-683. doi: 10.7326/M20-6391. PMID: 33719114.
* Warkentin TE. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2020 Feb;34(1):215-231. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.09.006. PMID: 31735593.
* Arepally GM, Cuker A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019 Dec 10;3(23):4030-4041. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000181. PMID: 31821422; PMCID: PMC6903260.
* Pai M, Crowther M. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: management and treatment strategies. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020 Dec 22;2020(1):608-613. doi: 10.1182/hematology.2020000109. PMID: 33275727; PMCID: PMC7954124.
* Cuker A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: diagnosis and management. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2017 Dec 8;2017(1):164-171. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2017.1.164. PMID: 29222262.
Q.
Is it DVT? Why Deep Vein Thrombosis occurs and your medical next steps
A.
Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot in a deep leg vein that can cause one-sided swelling, pain, warmth, or redness and can lead to a life-threatening pulmonary embolism; it occurs when blood flow slows, blood clots more easily, or a vein is damaged. There are several factors to consider and some conditions can mimic it; see below for risk factors, symptom clues, and how doctors confirm it. If you suspect it, do not massage the leg and seek prompt care for evaluation with D-dimer and ultrasound, and go to the ER immediately for chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, or coughing blood, with treatment, prevention, and next-step details outlined below.
References:
* Kearon C, et al. Diagnosis and Management of VTE: A Review. JAMA. 2021 Jul 13;326(2):182-192. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.10023. PMID: 34255018.
* Konstantinides SV, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 21;41(4):543-603. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405. PMID: 31505067.
* Mousa SA, et al. Pathophysiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Critical Appraisal of Virchow's Triad. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;906:1-12. doi: 10.1007/5584_2016_62. PMID: 27957777.
* Stevens SM, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2021 May;159(5):1930-1951. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.013. PMID: 33676274.
* Cushman M. Epidemiology and risk factors for venous thrombosis. Semin Hematol. 2017 Jan;54(1):1-10. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2017.01.002. PMID: 28410769.
Q.
Xarelto Risks? Why Your Body Is Reacting & Medical Next Steps
A.
Common Xarelto reactions include easy bruising, nosebleeds, stomach upset, and fatigue; seek emergency care for vomiting blood, black stools, red or brown urine, severe headache, stroke signs, chest pain, or sudden breathlessness, and note that new one-sided leg swelling or pain can signal a clot even on treatment. There are several factors to consider, like missed or wrong doses, taking it with or without food as directed, drug interactions, and higher-risk conditions such as kidney or liver disease or older age. Do not stop Xarelto without medical advice; contact your doctor promptly for persistent symptoms and see below for specific next steps, monitoring tips, and when to call your doctor versus go to the ER.
References:
* Yeh, C. H., Wu, H. C., Yeh, S. J., & Yen, T. H. (2022). Risk of bleeding with direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. *Journal of Clinical Pharmacology*, *62*(10), 1198–1210.
* Manolis, T. A., Manolis, A. A., Melita, H., & Manolis, A. S. (2021). The management of bleeding complications in patients on direct oral anticoagulants. *Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety*, *12*, 20420986211029800.
* Schneeweiss, S., Kim, S. C., Gagne, J. J., & Avorn, J. (2020). Risk of bleeding and stroke with rivaroxaban in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with concomitant P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. *American Journal of Cardiology*, *126*, 113–119.
* Riva, N., Ageno, W., & Fontanella, A. (2020). Rivaroxaban: A systematic review of safety and efficacy in various clinical settings. *Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety*, *11*, 2042098620959400.
* Patel, P., & Dinh, H. (2023). Rivaroxaban. In *StatPearls*. StatPearls Publishing.
Q.
How does erythritol affect blood clotting?
A.
Erythritol, a sugar substitute, may be linked to increased risk of blood clots and heart issues according to recent studies.
References:
Witkowski M, Nemet I, Alamri H, Wilcox J, Gupta N, Nimer N, et al. (2023). The artificial sweetener erythritol and cardiovascular event .... Nature medicine, 36849732.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36849732/
Mazi TA, & Stanhope KL. (2023). Elevated Erythritol: A Marker of Metabolic Dysregulation or .... Nutrients, 37764794.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37764794/
Bao Y, Li B, Zhao C, Man X, Zhang S, Zhang J, et al. (2025). Deep learning to assess erythritol in zebrafish .... NPJ science of food, 40640190.
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Di Nisio M, van Es N, Büller HR. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Lancet. 2016 Dec 17;388(10063):3060-3073. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30514-1. Epub 2016 Jun 30. PMID: 27375038.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30514-1/fulltextThachil J. Deep vein thrombosis. Hematology. 2014 Jul;19(5):309-10. doi: 10.1179/1024533214Z.000000000284. PMID: 24939044.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/1024533214Z.000000000284Goldhaber SZ, Bounameaux H. Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Lancet. 2012 May 12;379(9828):1835-46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61904-1. Epub 2012 Apr 10. PMID: 22494827.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)61904-1/fulltextJaffray J, Young G. Deep vein thrombosis in pediatric patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018 Mar;65(3). doi: 10.1002/pbc.26881. Epub 2017 Nov 8. PMID: 29115714.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pbc.26881