Influenza (Flu) Quiz

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Have a fever

Joint pain that is always there

Both hips hurt

Loss of appetite

Poor feeding

Fatigued

Have joint pain

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What is Influenza (Flu)?

An infection caused by the influenza virus, typically affecting the respiratory tract (nose, windpipe, lungs).

Typical Symptoms of Influenza (Flu)

Diagnostic Questions for Influenza (Flu)

Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:

  • Do you have joint pain in multiple joints throughout your body?
  • Do you have pain all over your body?
  • Do you have a fever?
  • Do you have yellow or green sputum?
  • Do you have pain in your temples?

Treatment of Influenza (Flu)

Antiviral medications for the flu can lessen symptom severity and promote quicker recovery. To be effective, these flu antiviral medications should be taken within the first 48 hours of illness.

Reviewed By:

Phillip Aguila, MD, MBA

Phillip Aguila, MD, MBA (Pulmonology, Critical Care)

Dr. Aguila graduated from West Virginia University School of Medicine. He has trained in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at The University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and Internal Medicine at Medical College of Pennsylvania/Hahnemann University at Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He has served as Assistant Professor since 2010.

Yoshinori Abe, MD

Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)

Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.

From our team of 50+ doctors

Content updated on Apr 4, 2024

Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy

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How Ubie Can Help You

With a free 3-min Influenza (Flu) quiz, powered by Ubie's AI and doctors, find possible causes of your symptoms.

This questionnaire is customized to your situation and symptoms, including the following personal information:

  • Biological Sex - helps us provide relevant suggestions for male vs. female conditions.

  • Age - adjusts our guidance based on any age-related health factors.

  • History - considers past illnesses, surgeries, family history, and lifestyle choices.

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User Testimonials for Influenza (Flu)

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Male, Teens

Ubie confirmed the severity of my health problems. It pushed me to actually contact a doctor, instead of staying at home & suffering. My primary care provider told me I had the flu and prescribed medicines.

(Feb 20, 2025)

Symptoms Related to Influenza (Flu)

Diseases Related to Influenza (Flu)

FAQs

Q.

Influenza A vs B: Which Is Worse? The Reality and Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

There are several factors to consider. Influenza A tends to drive larger outbreaks and pandemics, while influenza B can be just as severe on an individual level and sometimes hits children harder; what matters most is your age, underlying conditions, immune status, and vaccination status. Next steps include early antiviral treatment within 48 hours if eligible, supportive care at home, urgent evaluation for red flag symptoms, and annual vaccination that covers both A and B. See the complete, medically approved guidance below for risk groups, testing, when to seek care, and practical actions that could change your course.

References:

* Mudd PA, Eichelberger M, Sarda SP, et al. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Influenza A and B: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 1;216(11):1371-1380. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix471. PMID: 28992167.

* Thompson MG, Grant L, Ferdinands JM, et al. The global burden of influenza A and B: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 14;22(1):608. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07584-3. PMID: 35835955.

* Pérez-Padilla R, de la Rosa-Zamboni D, Ponce de León S, et al. Influenza A and B virus infection in hospitalized adults: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Jan 25;18(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-2953-2. PMID: 29370707.

* Kim DS, Kim YJ, Kim YJ, et al. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Influenza A and B Virus Infections in Hospitalized Children. J Pediatr. 2017 Jan;176:18-24.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Oct 20. PMID: 27771295.

* Pinto M, Nunes C. Influenza: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention: an update. Eur Respir Rev. 2023 Mar 22;32(167):220202. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0202-2022. Print 2023 Mar. PMID: 36948590.

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Q.

Is it Bird Flu? Why Your Body is Reacting and Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

There are several factors to consider. Bird flu in humans is rare, symptoms often mirror seasonal flu, and risk is higher with recent poultry exposure or work around birds. Your fever, cough, aches, and fatigue reflect an immune response; medically approved next steps include close monitoring, contacting a clinician promptly for severe or high-risk cases, and early antivirals like oseltamivir when appropriate, plus rest and steps to prevent spread. See below for critical red flags, who is at higher risk, and exactly when to seek urgent or emergency care.

References:

* Chiu, W. C., Liu, C. M., & Hsiao, C. H. (2023). Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in humans: a comprehensive review. *Journal of Clinical Virology*, *167*, 105574.

* Lee, M. S., & Kim, C. J. (2021). Human Innate Immunity to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses. *Viruses*, *13*(3), 543.

* Gorman, A. R., Han, J. J., & Kourtis, A. P. (2023). Avian Influenza: A Brief History, Update on Current Epidemiology, and Public Health Implications. *Current Infectious Disease Reports*, *25*(11), 305–316.

* Uyeki, T. M., et al. (2021). Review of human infections with avian influenza A viruses: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. *Infectious Diseases of Poverty*, *10*(1), 101.

* Tshatsis, M., Papagiannakis, N., Souli, M., & Papalois, A. E. (2024). The Threat of Avian Influenza A Virus H5N1 Infection in Humans: A Scoping Review. *Infection and Drug Resistance*, *17*, 339–354.

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Q.

Influenza Symptoms? Why Your Body Aches and Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Influenza symptoms often hit suddenly with fever, chills, dry cough, sore throat, and severe body aches that occur because immune cytokines trigger inflammation to fight the virus. Medically approved next steps include rest, hydration, acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain and fever, isolating until fever-free, and asking a clinician about antivirals within 48 hours, especially if you are high risk; seek urgent care for red flags like breathing difficulty, chest pain, confusion, or worsening symptoms. There are several factors to consider, including differences from a cold, how long recovery takes, and who needs prompt evaluation; see the complete guidance below.

References:

* Choi, Y. J., & Jo, S. (2023). Influenza virus infection: An overview of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. *Journal of Biomedical Science*, *30*(1), 47.

* Teijaro, J. R., & Wherry, E. J. (2021). The Immunopathogenesis of Influenza Virus Infection: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. *Frontiers in Immunology*, *12*, 683395.

* Ippolito, G., Gismondo, M. R., Lauria, F. N., D'Alessandro, A. M., Iacorossi, L., & Cammarata, S. (2022). Influenza: an updated overview. *Minerva Medica*, *113*(4), 519-532.

* Ranjit, S., & Gupta, P. (2021). Influenza: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. *Viruses*, *13*(9), 1739.

* Plescia, C., & Santoro, M. G. (2021). Antiviral drugs for influenza: an overview. *Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy*, *32*(1), 204020662110294.

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Q.

Flu A? Why Your Body is Aching and Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Sudden body aches, chills, fever, and exhaustion are common with Influenza A; the aches come from your immune system’s cytokine response, usually easing in 3 to 5 days, and can be managed with rest, fluids, acetaminophen or ibuprofen, while antivirals work best if started within 48 hours. There are several factors to consider, including who is high risk, warning signs that need urgent care, how to tell flu from a cold, and when to call a doctor. See below for the complete, medically approved next steps and prevention tips.

References:

* Paules CI, Eichelberger MC, Dieffenbach CW, Fauci AS. Influenza Virus Infection: Host Factors and Pathogenesis. Cell Host Microbe. 2017 Mar 8;21(3):284-293. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.007. PMID: 28279314.

* Krammer F, Smith GJD, Fouchier RAM, Peiris M, Kedzierska K, Doherty PC, Garcia-Sastre A. Influenza: treatment and prevention. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Dec 6;4(1):30. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0029-7. PMID: 30523281.

* Short KR, Habibi MS, Palmer CS, Williams SG. The role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection. Viruses. 2019 Jul 25;11(8):680. doi: 10.3390/v11080680. PMID: 31349520.

* Rothberg MB, Haessler SD. Diagnosis and Management of Influenza: A Review. JAMA. 2021 Dec 21;326(23):2413-2423. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.21404. PMID: 34932095.

* Koutsakos M, Kedzierska K, Wheatley AK. Current treatment and prevention strategies for influenza virus infections. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:133-140. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.009. PMID: 34474328.

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Q.

Why Is Your Fever Spiking? Influenza B Symptoms & Medically Approved Steps

A.

Sudden high fever spikes with chills, body aches, cough, and exhaustion are common with influenza B as your immune response raises body temperature; most people recover in about a week with rest, fluids, over the counter fever reducers, isolation, and early antivirals started within 48 hours. There are several factors to consider, including who is high risk and which warning signs mean you should seek urgent care, plus how to tell flu from COVID-19 or RSV; the complete, medically approved steps and key thresholds to act are outlined below.

References:

* Guo, L., He, Q., Li, H., Xu, T., Lio, Q., & Pan, X. (2021). Influenza B virus: A review of global epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and vaccine development. *Journal of Medical Virology*, 93(10), 5707-5717.

* Rothberg, M. B., & Haessler, S. (2019). Diagnosis and management of influenza: a review. *JAMA*, 322(9), 861-872.

* Doi, Y., & Hayden, F. G. (2021). Antiviral treatment of influenza: a clinical review. *Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy*, 27(9), 1279-1286.

* Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, Q., Lu, J., Ma, W., Gao, Y., ... & Hu, H. (2022). Severe Influenza B Virus Infection: Clinical Features, Risk Factors, Treatment and Outcomes in Adults. *Infection and Drug Resistance*, 15, 4117-4126.

* Eccles, R., & D'Alessandro, D. (2022). The challenges of influenza management: an update for clinicians. *Current Medical Research and Opinion*, 38(11), 1835-1845.

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Q.

Flu Not Improving? Oseltamivir Phosphate: Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

There are several factors to consider if your flu is not improving on oseltamivir phosphate; see below for details that could change your next steps. The medication typically shortens illness by about 1-2 days and gradual improvement often starts in 2-3 days, but slow recovery is common and lack of progress can also mean late start, a different virus like COVID-19, or a complication such as pneumonia, especially in high-risk people. Key next steps include finishing the full course, focusing on fluids, rest, and fever control, and seeking urgent care for red flags like trouble breathing, chest pain, confusion, severe dehydration, or fever lasting more than 4-5 days, with more on testing, when doctors may adjust treatment, and how to recognize complications outlined below.

References:

* Arden K. The Role of Antiviral Agents in the Management of Influenza. Drugs. 2021 May;81(7):785-796. doi: 10.1007/s40265-021-01509-w. PMID: 33818783.

* Ison MG. Influenza antiviral resistance: summary of the clinical implications of neuraminidase inhibitor resistance. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Apr 15;8(Suppl 1):S74-S77. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab053. PMID: 33937397; PMCID: PMC8086053.

* Uyeki TM, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Sep 15;67(5):e1-e60. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy425. Epub 2018 Jul 12. PMID: 30047531.

* Hite ML, Kandel S. Oseltamivir for Influenza in Adults. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Mar 15;101(6):353-358. PMID: 32163013.

* Dobson J, et al. Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in preventing complications of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2015 Oct 10;386(10001):1415-26. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60309-4. Epub 2015 Jul 23. PMID: 26215031.

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Q.

Flu A vs Flu B? Why Your Body Aches & Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Flu A is more common and drives larger outbreaks, while Flu B infects only humans and can be just as serious, especially in children; symptoms overlap and you cannot tell the type without testing, and those deep body aches come from immune cytokines and fever driven, whole body inflammation. Medically approved next steps include starting antivirals within 48 hours, true rest, aggressive hydration, safe fever and pain control, close monitoring for red flags, early care for high risk groups, and vaccination to reduce severe illness from both. There are several factors to consider. See below to understand more.

References:

* Wang K, et al. Clinical Differences Between Influenza A and B: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Mar 1;64(5):610-619. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw845. Epub 2016 Dec 9. PMID: 28329241.

* Mayer-Lambertz S, et al. The Immunopathogenesis of Human Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Immunol. 2021 Mar 15;12:656209. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656209. PMID: 33790890; PMCID: PMC8003610.

* Han J, et al. Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Patients Infected with Influenza A and B Viruses. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 26;11(2):e0150242. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150242. PMID: 26919293; PMCID: PMC4769064.

* Uyeki TM, et al. Antiviral Drugs for the Treatment and Prevention of Seasonal Influenza: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Dec 13;69(10):e1-e48. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz462. PMID: 30919010.

* He J, et al. Influenza Viruses: An Overview. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 Apr;42(2):159-173. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1718873. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33827103.

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Q.

Tamiflu Side Effects? The Science & Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Tamiflu side effects are usually mild and brief, most often nausea, vomiting, headache, stomach pain, or diarrhea; rare but urgent problems include sudden confusion or behavior changes, seizures, and severe allergic reactions like rash with blistering, facial swelling, or trouble breathing. Start within 48 hours if recommended, take with food, stay hydrated, and seek urgent care for persistent vomiting, breathing trouble, chest pain, seizures, or severe weakness; benefits tend to outweigh risks in high risk groups like older adults, pregnant people, those with chronic conditions, and many children. There are several factors to consider about dosing, kidney disease, psychiatric history, pregnancy, and when to stop or continue, so see the complete, medically approved next steps below.

References:

* Kawai N, Ikematsu H, Kashiwagi N, Noda T. Safety and tolerability of oseltamivir for influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. J Infect Chemother. 2020 Feb;26(2):161-169. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.09.006. Epub 2019 Nov 25. PMID: 32098254.

* Dobashi Y, Ishimaru Y, Ikegami K. Risk of neuropsychiatric events with oseltamivir for influenza: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Jun;78(6):897-909. doi: 10.1007/s00228-022-03282-5. Epub 2022 Feb 11. PMID: 35149301.

* Yang Z, Li Y, Liu X, Duan W, Long Z. Adverse effects of oseltamivir in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pharm. 2017 Oct;39(5):1017-1025. doi: 10.1007/s11096-017-0524-2. Epub 2017 Aug 22. PMID: 28830704.

* Guo J, Ma S, Li B, Zhang M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in patients with influenza during pregnancy. J Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 16;224(Supplement_4):S790-S797. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab050. PMID: 33504856.

* Jefferson T, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C, Doshi P, Del Mar CB. Antiviral drugs for preventing influenza in healthy adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Dec 10;12(12):CD001189. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001189.pub5. PMID: 33305417.

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Q.

How Long Does the Flu Last? Why Your Body is Still Aching & Medical Next Steps

A.

Most people recover from the flu in 5 to 7 days, though fatigue and cough can linger 1 to 2 weeks; ongoing body aches are common as inflammation from your immune response settles, and dehydration or time in bed can add stiffness and soreness. There are several factors to consider for next steps, including red flags that need urgent care, who is higher risk, whether antivirals started within 48 hours might help, and how long you remain contagious; see below for complete guidance that can shape your care decisions.

References:

* Vestergaard, L. S., et al. (2020). Factors affecting the duration of influenza symptoms in unvaccinated adults: An individual participant data meta-analysis. *Clinical Infectious Diseases*, 71(10), 2530-2537.

* Doran, R. G., & Paules, C. I. (2018). Myalgia in influenza: A review. *Reviews in Medical Virology*, 28(4), e1989.

* Stellbrink, H. J., et al. (2018). Duration of influenza symptoms in adult outpatients in primary care: a systematic review. *BMC Infectious Diseases*, 18(1), 273.

* Chidekel, A., & Wylie, B. R. (2021). Influenza: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. *Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine*, 27(2), 164-169.

* Uyeki, T. M., et al. (2021). Antiviral Treatment of Influenza: A Clinical Practice Guideline of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. *Clinical Infectious Diseases*, 73(5), e1-e47.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Tamiflu Side Effects? Why Timing is Key & Your Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Tamiflu can modestly shorten and lessen flu illness when started within 48 hours, but side effects like nausea and vomiting are common and rare allergic or neuropsychiatric reactions can occur. Act early by contacting a clinician quickly for a prescription, especially if you are high risk, and seek urgent care for trouble breathing, chest pain, confusion, or signs of dehydration. There are several factors to consider, including who benefits most, kidney dosing, pregnancy safety, and how to manage side effects; see the complete guidance below to choose the right next steps.

References:

* Kawai, N., Ikematsu, H., Kashiwagi, S., Nukiwa, T., & Tamura, D. (2018). Postmarketing surveillance of oseltamivir in Japan: an update. *Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy*, *24*(10), 808-816.

* Dobrovolsky, A., Kourtis, A. P., Vellozzi, C., & Broussard, C. S. (2020). Adverse events following oseltamivir and zanamivir in children younger than 5 years. *The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal*, *39*(2), 118–123.

* Dharan, N. J., & Jain, S. (2019). Antiviral treatment for influenza: what's new?. *Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases*, *32*(6), 570-575.

* Jefferson, T., Jones, M. A., Doshi, P., Spencer, E. A., Onakpoya, I., & Heneghan, C. J. (2014). Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of product characteristics. *BMJ*, *348*, g2526.

* Uyeki, T. M., & Zaki, S. R. (2023). Influenza. *The Lancet*, *401*(10385), 1361-1375.

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Q.

Contagious Flu? Essential Recovery & Next Steps for Women 30-45

A.

Most adults with flu are contagious from 1 day before symptoms to about 5 to 7 days after; stay home, limit contact, rest, hydrate, and return to normal activities only once you are fever-free for 24 hours without medication. There are several factors to consider, including pregnancy or postpartum status, chronic conditions, warning signs that need urgent care, and whether antivirals started within 48 hours could help; see the complete guidance below for details that can shape your next steps and prevention.

References:

* Lee N, et al. Duration of influenza virus shedding in adults: a systematic review. J Infect. 2018 Nov;77(5):372-381. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.06.009. Epub 2018 Jun 13. PMID: 29908354.

* Krammer F, et al. Influenza: Current Epidemiology and Prospects for Improved Prevention and Treatment. Cell. 2018 Aug 9;174(4):815-827. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.038. PMID: 30096213.

* Liyana N, et al. Sex differences in influenza susceptibility and outcomes: a narrative review. J Infect Public Health. 2020 Nov;13(11):1668-1677. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.006. Epub 2020 Aug 15. PMID: 32800569.

* Grohskopf LA, et al. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2023-24 Influenza Season. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2023 Aug 25;72(RR-3):1-26. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7203a1. PMID: 37623075.

* Uyeki TM, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 2;68(6):e1-e47. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy866. PMID: 30586411.

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Q.

Tamiflu: A Woman’s Guide to Flu Recovery & Essential Next Steps

A.

Tamiflu can help women recover from the flu by shortening illness 1 to 2 days and lowering complications when started within 48 hours, and it is especially important for those who are pregnant, postpartum, over 65, immunocompromised, or managing chronic conditions. It is not a replacement for the flu vaccine and does not treat colds or COVID. There are several factors to consider. See below for when to start or continue if you are past 48 hours, how to take and finish the course, expected side effects and urgent warning signs, and essential recovery steps like rest, hydration, fever control, and protecting others.

References:

* Dobson J, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, et al. Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2015 May 9;385(9979):1729-37. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62449-1. Epub 2015 Jan 28. PMID: 25638148.

* Rasmussen SA, Kissin DM, Yeung LF, et al. Preparing for influenza season: advice for obstetrician-gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Dec;114(6):1385-94. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c4960d. PMID: 19935140.

* Kujath P, Kujath C. Post-influenza period - an underestimated challenge. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2018 Jan 20;20(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s11908-018-0608-x. PMID: 29352467.

* Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 2;68(3):e1-e47. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy866. PMID: 30423058.

* Monto AS, Malosh RE. Antiviral Therapy for Influenza in Adults. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2018 Jun;32(2):339-351. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.02.007. Epub 2018 Apr 11. PMID: 29653765.

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Q.

How long is the Flu contagious?

A.

Most people with flu are contagious from about 1 day before symptoms start through roughly 5–7 days after, with peak spread during days 1–3; children and people with weakened immunity may remain contagious for 10–14 days. There are several factors that can change this window (age, immune status, strain, and early antivirals) and important guidance on isolation, reducing spread, and when to seek care—see the complete details below.

References:

Carrat F, et al. (2008). Time lines of infection and disease in human influenza: a review of volunteer challenge… Am J Epidemiol, 18217814.

Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease… Hepatology, 11157951.

Foucher J, et al. (2006). Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (FibroScan): a prospective… J Hepatol, 16901431.

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Q.

How soon should you start taking antiviral medicine after flu symptoms begin?

A.

You should start taking antiviral medicine within 48 hours of flu symptoms beginning for the best results.

References:

Chan KKP, & Hui DSC. (2023). Antiviral therapies for influenza. Current opinion in infectious diseases, 36752709.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36752709/

Committee on Infectious Diseases. (2024). Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza .... Pediatrics, 39183669.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39183669/

Morris SE, Mathis SM, Reeves E, Chung JR, Borchering RK, Lewis NM, et al. (2025). Modeling the Potential Impacts of Outpatient Antiviral .... The Journal of infectious diseases, 40219874.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40219874/

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Q.

Who should definitely consider taking prescription flu medicine?

A.

People who are older or have health problems should think about taking prescription flu medicine to help prevent serious illness.

References:

Drinka PJ. (2003). Influenza vaccination and antiviral therapy: is there a role .... Drugs & aging, 12578397.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12578397/

Prada GI, Băjenaru OL, Chelu GC, Matei-Lincă CM, Nuţă CR, & Moscu SG. (2024). Protecting the elderly from influenza in the context of .... Journal of medicine and life, 39440332.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39440332/

Rosero CI, Gravenstein S, & Saade EA. (2025). Influenza and Aging: Clinical Manifestations .... Drugs & aging, 39775605.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39775605/

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Q.

Are there side effects or precautions when taking flu antivirals?

A.

Flu antivirals like oseltamivir can have side effects such as liver issues and mental health changes. It's important to be aware of these when taking the medication.

References:

Mastroianni A, Vangeli V, Greco S, Urso F, Greco F, Chidichimo L, & Mauro MV. (2021). Oseltamivir and acute hepatitis, reality association or .... Antiviral therapy, 35485329.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35485329/

Lan CC, Liu CC, & Chen YS. (2015). Acute exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms during .... Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 25823677.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25823677/

Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, & Heneghan CJ. (2014). Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic .... BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 24811411.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24811411/

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Q.

Can you have the flu without a fever?

A.

Yes, you can have the flu without a fever. Some people with influenza may not show a fever but can still have other symptoms like a cough or sore throat.

References:

Smith BJ, Price DJ, Johnson D, Garbutt B, Thompson M, Irving LB, et al. (2020). Influenza With and Without Fever: Clinical Predictors .... Open forum infectious diseases, 33123614.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33123614/

Uyeki TM, Hui DS, Zambon M, Wentworth DE, & Monto AS. (2022). Influenza. Lancet (London, England), 36030813.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36030813/

Ehrhard S, Herren L, Ricklin ME, Suter-Riniker F, Exadaktylos AK, Hautz W, et al. (2024). Do all Emergency Room Patients With Influenza-like .... Open forum infectious diseases, 38770207.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38770207

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Q.

Can you take flu medicine together with over-the-counter cold remedies?

A.

You can generally take flu medicine with over-the-counter cold remedies, but be cautious of overlapping ingredients.

References:

Eccles R. (2006). Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in .... Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 16882099.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16882099/

Picon PD, Costa MB, da Veiga Picon R, Fendt LC, Suksteris ML, Saccilotto IC, et al. (2013). Symptomatic treatment of the common cold with a fixed .... BMC infectious diseases, 24261438.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24261438/

White WB, & Riotte K. (1985). Drugs for cough and cold symptoms in hypertensive patients. American family physician, 3976459.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976459/

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Q.

Do you still need flu medicine if you've had the flu shot?

A.

Even if you get the flu shot, you might still need flu medicine if you catch the flu, as the shot doesn't always prevent it completely.

References:

Drinka PJ. (2003). Influenza vaccination and antiviral therapy: is there a role .... Drugs & aging, 12578397.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12578397/

Committee on Infectious Diseases. (2024). Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza .... Pediatrics, 39183669.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39183669/

Grohskopf LA, Alyanak E, Broder KR, Blanton LH, Fry AM, Jernigan DB, & Atmar RL. (2020). Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with .... MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports, 32820746.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32820746/

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Q.

Does the flu cause a higher fever than a regular cold?

A.

Yes, the flu usually causes a higher fever than a regular cold.

References:

Murray EL, Khagayi S, Ope M, Bigogo G, Ochola R, Muthoka P, et al. (2013). What are the most sensitive and specific sign and symptom .... Epidemiology and infection, 22417876.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22417876/

Montalto NJ. (2003). An office-based approach to influenza: clinical diagnosis .... American family physician, 12537174.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537174/

Abdullahi H, Elnahas A, & Konje JC. (2021). Seasonal influenza during pregnancy. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 33476926.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33476926/

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Q.

How can you tell the difference between a common cold and the flu?

A.

The common cold usually causes mild symptoms like a runny nose and sore throat, while the flu often leads to more severe symptoms such as high fever and body aches.

References:

Eccles R. (2005). Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and .... The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 16253889.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16253889/

Prior L, Evans MR, & Prout H. (2011). Talking about colds and flu: the lay diagnosis of two .... Social science & medicine (1982), 21186076.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21186076/

Czubak J, Stolarczyk K, Orzeł A, Frączek M, & Zatoński T. (2021). Comparison of the clinical differences between COVID-19 .... Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University, 33529514.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33529514/

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Q.

How quickly do symptoms appear with the flu compared to a cold?

A.

Flu symptoms usually appear faster than cold symptoms, often within 1 to 4 days after infection.

References:

Yamagishi T, Matsui T, Nakamura N, Oyama T, Taniguchi K, Aoki T, et al. (2010). Onset and duration of symptoms and timing of disease .... Japanese journal of infectious diseases, 20858998.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20858998/

Cori A, Valleron AJ, Carrat F, Scalia Tomba G, Thomas G, & Boëlle PY. (2012). Estimating influenza latency and infectious period .... Epidemics, 22939310.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22939310/

Baccam P, Beauchemin C, Macken CA, Hayden FG, & Perelson AS. (2006). Kinetics of influenza A virus infection in humans - PubMed - NIH. Journal of virology, 16840338.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16840338/

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Q.

What are the first symptoms that suggest you might have the flu, not a cold?

A.

The flu usually starts suddenly with a high fever, body aches, and extreme tiredness, while a cold comes on more gradually with a runny nose and sore throat.

References:

Cate TR. (1987). Clinical manifestations and consequences of influenza. The American journal of medicine, 3591813.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3591813/

Monto AS, Gravenstein S, Elliott M, Colopy M, & Schweinle J. (2000). Clinical signs and symptoms predicting influenza infection. Archives of internal medicine, 11088084.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11088084/

Gaitonde DY, Moore FC, & Morgan MK. (2019). Influenza: Diagnosis and Treatment. American family physician, 31845781.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31845781/

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Q.

If I get the flu, when can I return to work or school?

A.

You should stay home from the flu until you have no fevers for 24 hours while not taking anti-fever medication and you're feeling better to go back to work or school.

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References