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Frequent body pain
Fatigue and weakness
Pale skin
Yellow skin and eyes
Painful and swollen hands
Painful and swollen feet
Pain in arms and legs
Stiff and swollen fingers
Unexplained abdominal pain
Dizziness
Back pain
Joint pain
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where the body produces abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to take on a sickle shape instead of their normal round form. These distorted cells can block blood flow, leading to pain, organ damage, and an increased risk of infection.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
Treatment for sickle cell disease focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Pain management, proper hydration, and blood transfusions are used to address severe anemia or blockages. Medications like hydroxyurea may be prescribed to reduce the frequency of painful episodes, and newer therapies aim to address the underlying cause of the disease.
Reviewed By:
Eisaku Kamakura, MD (Pulmonology)
Dr. Kamakura graduated from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Dentistry, and the Niigata University School of Medicine. He trained at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital and held positions in the Respiratory Medicine departments at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ome City General Hospital, and Musashino Red Cross Hospital. In 2021, he became the specially appointed assistant professor at the Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine.
Kenji Taylor, MD, MSc (Family Medicine, Primary Care)
Dr. Taylor is a Japanese-African American physician who grew up and was educated in the United States but spent a considerable amount of time in Japan as a college student, working professional and now father of three. After graduating from Brown, he worked in finance first before attending medical school at Penn. He then completed a fellowship with the Centers for Disease Control before going on to specialize in Family and Community Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) where he was also a chief resident. After a faculty position at Stanford, he moved with his family to Japan where he continues to see families on a military base outside of Tokyo, teach Japanese residents and serve remotely as a medical director for Roots Community Health Center. He also enjoys editing and writing podcast summaries for Hippo Education.
Content updated on Jan 23, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1Siddiqi AE, Jordan LB, Parker CS. Sickle cell disease--the American saga. Ethn Dis. 2013 Spring;23(2):245-8. PMID: 23530308; PMCID: PMC4517422.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4517422/Elendu C, Amaechi DC, Alakwe-Ojimba CE, Elendu TC, Elendu RC, Ayabazu CP, Aina TO, Aborisade O, Adenikinju JS. Understanding Sickle cell disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Sep 22;102(38):e35237. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035237. PMID: 37746969; PMCID: PMC10519513.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10519513/Brandow, A.M., Liem, R.I. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell disease. J Hematol Oncol 15, 20 (2022).
https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-022-01237-z