Blood in Urine
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Gross hematuria
Abdominal pain
Cloudy urine
Frequent urination
Lower abdominal pain
Foamy urine
Blood clots in urine
Burning sensation when urinating
Bleeding from the urethra
Red brown urine
Pee mixed with blood
About the Symptom
Bloody urine (hematuria) describes frank blood or visible blood in the urine. The urine may appear bright red or brownish.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Bloody or red urine
Possible Causes
Generally, Blood in urine can be related to:
- Hereditary Nephritis (Alport Syndrome)
A rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive kidney disease and abnormalities of the inner ear and the eye. It usually presents as blood in the urine, high blood pressure and swelling (edema).
- Bladder Cancer / Ureteric Cancer / Renal Pelvis Cancer
Cancer of the walls of the urinary system. Risk factors include smoking, age, and exposure to certain chemicals. in addition people over 55, people who have been treated for cancer in the past with certain chemotherapies or radiation to the area are also at higher risk. Symptoms depends on location of the tumor but blood in the urine -- whether seen by the naked eye or seen under the microscope -- is the most common symptom. Painful or frequent urination or flank pain can also be warning signs.
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma is another name for kidney cancer, a cancer that originates in the kidneys. The exact cause is unknown, but smoking and certain kidney diseases and hereditary syndromes are risk factors. Many times there are no symptoms and the tumor is found on a x-ray test performed for another reason. Sometimes patients have blood in the urine or back or side pain.
- IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura)
- Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- Vasculitis (including Cryoglobulinemia)
- Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Blood in urine may be related to these serious diseases:
- Acute Glomerulonephritis
A type of kidney inflammation that causes an abnormal loss of blood or protein in the urine. It can be caused by infection (bacterial or viral) or other illnesses like lupus, Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's disease, and polyarteritis nodosa.
- Renal Infarction
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Do you have blood in your urine?
- When did you first notice blood in your urine?
- How often do you notice blood in your urine?
- Does your urine appear red or bloody in the morning?
Reviewed By:
Kenji Taylor, MD, MSc (Family Medicine, Primary Care)
Dr. Taylor is a Japanese-African American physician who grew up and was educated in the United States but spent a considerable amount of time in Japan as a college student, working professional and now father of three. After graduating from Brown, he worked in finance first before attending medical school at Penn. He then completed a fellowship with the Centers for Disease Control before going on to specialize in Family and Community Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) where he was also a chief resident. After a faculty position at Stanford, he moved with his family to Japan where he continues to see families on a military base outside of Tokyo, teach Japanese residents and serve remotely as a medical director for Roots Community Health Center. He also enjoys editing and writing podcast summaries for Hippo Education.
Nao Saito, MD (Urology)
After graduating from Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Dr. Saito worked at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Toda Chuo General Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, and Ako Chuo Hospital before becoming Deputy Director (current position) at Takasaki Tower Clinic Department of Ophthalmology and Urology in April 2020.
Content updated on Feb 7, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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FAQs
Q.
Red After Beet Juice? Why Your Urine is Red + Medical Next Steps
A.
Red or pink urine soon after beet juice is often harmless beeturia from beet pigments and usually clears within 24 to 48 hours if you feel well. There are several factors to consider, especially if you did not eat beets, the color is dark or lasts beyond 48 hours, or you have pain, fever, clots, or are over 50, which can signal blood in urine and needs prompt care. For a simple self-check plan and clear next steps, plus other causes like UTI, stones, kidney disease, or cancer, see the complete details below.
References:
* Singh T, et al. Beeturia: a harmless red herring. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Apr 17;2017:bcr2016218931. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218931. PMID: 28414903.
* Mitchell SC. Beeturia: a harmless condition. J Med Case Rep. 2021 Jan 27;15(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02685-z. PMID: 33503140.
* Aljuraiban GS, et al. Beeturia: a genetic explanation for red urine. Ann Transl Med. 2017 Oct;5(20):402. doi: 10.21037/atm.2017.09.20. PMID: 29094584.
* Nielubowicz GR, et al. Macroscopic Hematuria: An Overview of Etiology, Evaluation, and Management. Urol Clin North Am. 2022 Feb;49(1):11-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2021.09.002. Epub 2021 Oct 27. PMID: 34960840.
* Barqawi A. Gross Hematuria: A Guide to Evaluation and Management. Curr Urol Rep. 2021 Apr 17;22(5):21. doi: 10.1007/s11934-021-01053-5. PMID: 33737033.
Q.
Blood in Urine? Why Hematuria Happens and Your Medical Next Steps
A.
Blood in urine has many causes, from urinary and kidney infections to stones, prostate enlargement, exercise, medications, kidney disease, and cancers; both visible and microscopic blood need evaluation. Always contact a doctor, and seek urgent care for severe pain, fever, large clots, inability to urinate, or weakness. There are several factors to consider and key tests and treatments that can change your next steps, explained in detail below.
References:
* Goldfarb DA, Fribush DM. Gross and Microscopic Hematuria: An Update for the Primary Care Provider. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Apr 5;16(4):618-624. doi: 10.2215/CJN.14720920. PMID: 33795034.
* Purpura KA, Miller JP, Lee BR, Leslie SW. Clinical approach to microscopic hematuria. Cleve Clin J Med. 2023 Feb 1;90(2):107-113. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.22019. PMID: 36720516.
* Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD, Ciarán F, Guzzo TJ, Herrell SD, Imai A, Kusumi R, Lee SM, Matulewicz RS, Ngai P, Packiam VT, Pierorazio PM, Saltzman S, Smith ZL, Stephen H, Steinberg GD, Tanguay A, Thompson IM Jr, Weight CJ. Evaluation of Hematuria: AUA/SUFU Guideline (2020). J Urol. 2020 Dec;204(6):1140-1147. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001273. PMID: 32679267.
* Tan J, Chan P, Lim A, Hiew J, Sze R, Tiong HY. Macroscopic haematuria: a review of the investigation and management strategies. BJU Int. 2021 May;127(5):547-558. doi: 10.1111/bju.15286. PMID: 33269784.
* Smith-Bindman RL, Gottlieb AK, Chapman MA, Miglioretti DL, Lindquist KM, Ganschow PK, Grady D. Urine Testing for Microscopic Hematuria in Adults: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jan 21;172(2):167-177. doi: 10.7326/M19-2041. PMID: 31869829.
Q.
Is there dna in urine?
A.
Yes, urine contains DNA. It includes DNA from shed urinary tract cells plus highly fragmented human cell-free and mitochondrial DNA and microbial DNA, with amounts that can be low and variable based on hydration, kidney function, infection, and time of day. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more, including how sensitive tests detect it and how findings may guide bladder, prostate, or kidney cancer screening and monitoring, prenatal screening research, transplant surveillance, and infection testing, as well as important limitations and lab quality issues that could change your next steps.
References:
Lo YM, Chan LY, Lo KW, Tsui NB, Lai VV, & Wainscoat JS. (2001). Quantitative analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and urine. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 10835152.
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, & Lok AS. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant… Hepatology, 14522744.
D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, & Pagliaro L. (2006). Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis… Journal of Hepatology, 16717258.
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https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Saleem MO, Hamawy K. Hematuria. 2022 Aug 8. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 30480952.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30480952/#:~:text=Hematuria%20is%20defined%20as%20the,by%20the%20primary%20care%20provider.