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What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart muscle becomes thick. It is often caused by gene mutations in the heart muscle. The thickened heart muscle can become stiff, reducing the heart's ability to pump blood adequately.

Typical Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Diagnostic Questions for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:

  • Do you have a family history of early sudden death (under 50)?
  • Do you experience wheezing or whistling sounds when breathing?
  • Have you been diagnosed with heart failure at age 45 or younger?
  • Have you been experiencing an irregular heartbeat?
  • Have you fainted recently?

Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

There is currently no specific medication for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms and reducing the risk of complications with medications and lifestyle changes.

Reviewed By:

Unnati Patel, MD, MSc

Unnati Patel, MD, MSc (Family Medicine)

Dr.Patel serves as Center Medical Director and a Primary Care Physician at Oak Street Health in Arizona. She graduated from the Zhejiang University School of Medicine prior to working in clinical research focused on preventive medicine at the University of Illinois and the University of Nevada. Dr. Patel earned her MSc in Global Health from Georgetown University, during which she worked with the WHO in Sierra Leone and Save the Children in Washington, D.C. She went on to complete her Family Medicine residency in Chicago at Norwegian American Hospital before completing a fellowship in Leadership in Value-based Care in conjunction with the Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management, where she earned her MBA. Dr. Patel’s interests include health tech and teaching medical students and she currently serves as Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Arizona School of Medicine.

Tatsuya Shiraishi, MD

Tatsuya Shiraishi, MD (Cardiology)

Dr. Shiraishi graduated from the Kyoto University School of Medicine. He worked as a cardiologist at Edogawa Hospital, and after joining Ubie, he became the Director of East Nihonbashi Internal Medicine Clinic.

From our team of 50+ doctors

Content updated on Mar 31, 2024

Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy

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Symptoms Related to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Diseases Related to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

FAQs

Q.

Chest Pain? Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

There are several medically important steps to consider if chest pain raises concern for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: treat severe or sudden symptoms as an emergency, and otherwise arrange a prompt evaluation with a clinician. See below for red flag symptoms, what to tell your doctor, and why ruling out a heart attack matters. Below you will also find the standard tests used to confirm HCM, how doctors assess risks like arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest, the full range of treatments from medications to septal reduction or an ICD, plus lifestyle guidance and when to pursue family screening and genetic testing.

References:

* Kotecha D, Knight DS, Wassall R, Patel T, Patel A, Al-Mohammad A, Chierchia GB, O'Mahony C, Elliott PM, Lyon AR. Chest Pain in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms, Clinical Evaluation, and Therapeutic Approaches. Circulation. 2023 Sep 5;148(10):859-873. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064562.

* Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, Day SM, Deswal AK, Elliott P, Faulx MD, Hartz VL, Jacobs JP, Joglar JA, Kantor P, Kluck B, Lafont A, Lankford E, Martinez MW, Olivotto I, Sherman F, Semsarian C. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2020 Dec 22;142(25):e558-e631. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000936.

* Kunkel MT, Doughty C, Gentry L, Shah R, Patel A, Ommen SR. Diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Dec;32(8):471-477. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.09.006. Epub 2021 Sep 16.

* Abraham TP, Varma T, Vats P, Reddy V, Nori K, O'Mahony C. Current and Emerging Pharmacological and Device Therapies for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 14;12(18):6029. doi: 10.3390/jcm12186029.

* Szekely Y, Szekely L, Ben-Avraham B, Topilsky Y. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a state-of-the-art review. J Clin Med. 2023 Apr 28;12(9):3195. doi: 10.3390/jcm12093195.

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Q.

What are the early symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?

A.

The majority of people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) will not have symptoms. Symptoms that lead to finding HOCM are non-specific and include heart palpitations, fainting, dizzines, shortness of breath and fatigue.

References:

Basit H, Brito D, Sharma S. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. [Updated 2023 Apr 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430788/

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Maxwell J. Nanes, DO

Maxwell J. Nanes, DO

Emergency Medicine

Waukesha Memorial Hospital, Waukesha Wisconsin, USA

Caroline M. Doan, DO

Caroline M. Doan, DO

Internal Medicine

Signify Health

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Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

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Psychiatry

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

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Dale Mueller, MD

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Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Associates

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Ravi P. Chokshi, MD

Obstetrics and gynecology

Penn State Health

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Which is the best Symptom Checker?

Which is the best Symptom Checker?

Ubie’s symptom checker demonstrated a Top-10 hit accuracy of 71.6%, surpassing the performance of several leading symptom checkers in the market, which averaged around 60% accuracy in similar assessments.

Link to full study:

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1

References