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Try one of these related symptoms.
Dark urine
Concentrated urine
Dark yellow urine
Dark yellow urine even drinking a lot of water
Dark yellow urine in the morning
Urine color generally ranges from a pale-yellow color to neon to deep amber. Urine color can change for a wide variety of reasons ranging from dehydration, medications, foods you've recently eaten, kidney stones and even urinary tract infections.
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
Generally, Dark yellow urine can be related to:
Liver cancer most commonly refers to hepatocellular carcinoma, the primary type of liver cancer. It often develops after long-term liver damage caused by chronic hepatitis B or C infections, heavy alcohol use, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These conditions can lead to ongoing inflammation and cirrhosis, increasing the risk of cancer over time. Early detection is key, as symptoms may not appear until the disease has advanced.
A condition in which a baby is born with abnormally narrow or even absent bile ducts in the liver. It can cause rapid liver failure, so prompt medical attention is needed. The exact cause is unclear, but genetics and exposure to certain toxins may play a role.
Viral infection of the nose and throat. Symptoms include coughing, runny nose, and throat pain. Most colds are caused by viruses; a few are caused by bacteria.
Sometimes, Dark yellow urine may be related to these serious diseases:
This is a life-threatening emergency where the person's body temperature is dangerously high and they display neurological abnormalities. This occurs when the body fails to regulate its temperature properly. It can be caused by the surrounding environment (heat, moisture) or internal factors (dehydration, strenuous exercise).
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
Reviewed By:
Kenji Taylor, MD, MSc (Family Medicine, Primary Care)
Dr. Taylor is a Japanese-African American physician who grew up and was educated in the United States but spent a considerable amount of time in Japan as a college student, working professional and now father of three. After graduating from Brown, he worked in finance first before attending medical school at Penn. He then completed a fellowship with the Centers for Disease Control before going on to specialize in Family and Community Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) where he was also a chief resident. After a faculty position at Stanford, he moved with his family to Japan where he continues to see families on a military base outside of Tokyo, teach Japanese residents and serve remotely as a medical director for Roots Community Health Center. He also enjoys editing and writing podcast summaries for Hippo Education.
Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)
Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Q.
What does creatine do for women?
A.
Creatine helps women increase strength and power, build lean muscle, recover faster, and may support bone density and cognitive function by boosting phosphocreatine stores for quicker ATP regeneration. It’s generally safe for most healthy women at 3–5 g/day of creatine monohydrate, but there are several factors to consider—hydration, loading vs. maintenance, mild side effects, and when to avoid or talk to a clinician (kidney/liver disease, pregnancy, certain meds); see complete guidance and next steps below.
References:
International Society of Sports Nutrition. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine use in… Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 28615983.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28615983/
Devries MC, & Phillips SM. (2015). Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults… Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24974709.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24974709/
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2008). Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient… Journal of Hepatology, 18304528.
Q.
Does creatine cause hair loss?
A.
There are several factors to consider: current evidence does not show a direct link, though one small study found DHT rose during a high‑dose loading phase in young men, and no trials have measured actual hair thinning. Genetics, dose (loading vs 3–5 g/day), and other common causes of shedding often matter more; if concerned, monitor your hair and talk with a clinician. See the complete answer below for key nuances, practical dosing tips, and when to seek care that could affect your next steps.
References:
van der Merwe J, Brooks NE, & Myburgh K. (2009). Three-week supplementation of a commercially available creatine formulation elevates dihydrotestosterone levels in college-aged rugby players… Clin J Sport Med, 19164832.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19164832/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease… Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
Biggins SW, Kim WR, Terrault NA, Saab S, Balan V, & Schiano TD. (2011). Addition of serum sodium to the model for end-stage liver disease score improves prediction of mortality on the liver transplant waiting list… Am J Transplant, 21388418.
Q.
Does creatine cause weight gain?
A.
Yes—there are several factors to consider. Creatine often causes a small, early weight increase (about 1–2 kg) from water moving into muscles; with training, later increases are usually from added lean muscle rather than fat, and weight typically stabilizes on maintenance dosing. Important safety and strategy details (hydration, skipping the loading phase, and when to avoid use—e.g., kidney/liver disease or certain meds) are covered below.
References:
Rawson ES, & Volek JS. (2003). Effects of creatine supplementation and resistance training on… J Strength Cond Res, 14636153.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14636153/
Buford TW, Kreider RB, Stout JR, Greenwood M, Campbell B, Spano M, Ziegenfuss T, Lopez H, Landis J, & Antonio J. (2007). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine… J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 18059652.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18059652/
Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, & Burroughs AK. (2014). Liver cirrhosis. Lancet, 24480926.
Q.
How does creatine work medically?
A.
Creatine works as an energy buffer: in muscle, brain, and heart the phosphocreatine–creatine kinase system rapidly regenerates ATP for short, high‑intensity demands and supports cellular hydration; its breakdown product, creatinine, is also used to assess kidney function and is a component of liver prognosis scores like MELD. Supplementation can boost strength and lean mass and is generally safe at standard doses, but those with kidney issues, on certain medications, or who are pregnant/breastfeeding should be cautious and may need monitoring. There are several factors to consider—dosing, timing, side effects, and when to talk to a doctor—see the complete details below to guide your next steps.
References:
Wyss M, & Kaddurah-Daouk R. (2000). Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism. Physiol Rev, 10893406.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10893406/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
Ziol M, Handra-Luca A, Kettaneh A, et al. (2005). Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of st… Gastroenterology, 15685703.
Q.
How much reatine should i take?
A.
For healthy adults using creatine monohydrate, either load with 20 g/day (4 x 5 g) for 5–7 days then maintain 3–5 g/day, or skip loading and take 3–5 g/day from the start—timing is flexible, daily consistency matters most. There are several factors to consider (hydration, mild GI effects, and medical considerations like kidney/liver disease, certain meds, and youth); see the complete details below and consult a clinician if you have conditions or plan higher doses.
References:
Kreider RB, et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy… J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 28615996.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28615996/
Castera L, Forns X, & Alberti A. (2008). Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient… Hepatology, 18855707.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18855707/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
Q.
Is Creatine bad for you?
A.
For most healthy adults, creatine isn’t bad when used as creatine monohydrate at recommended doses; decades of studies find it safe and effective, with benefits for strength and recovery and no kidney harm in healthy users. There are several factors to consider—mild water-weight gain or stomach upset can occur, and people with kidney or liver disease, diabetes, those who are pregnant, or anyone under 18 should be cautious and talk to a clinician. See dosing, hydration, product quality, and when to seek care in the complete guidance below.
References:
Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, Ziegenfuss TN, Wildman R, Collins R, Candow DG, Rogers M, Smith-Ryan A, Lopez HL. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine… J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 28496645.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28496645/
Bender A, Samtleben W, Elstner M, Klopstock T. (2008). Creatine supplementation in Parkinson disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial… Mov Disord, 18340335.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18340335/
Biggins SW, Kim WR, Terrault NA, Wiesner RH, Kamath PS, Parish MC, Lucey MR, Barker CN, Benson JT, Therneau TM. (2006). Inclusion of serum sodium in the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score improves prediction of mortality in patients awaiting… Gastroenterology, 15765334.
Q.
Should I tell my doctor if I'm on creatine?
A.
Yes—always tell your doctor if you use creatine: while generally safe for healthy adults, it can raise creatinine on labs (mimicking kidney issues), interact with meds like NSAIDs/diuretics, and may warrant kidney/liver monitoring or tailored dosing, especially with underlying conditions or in pregnancy, breastfeeding, or youth. There are several factors to consider, and key details to share (product, dose, duration, other meds, symptoms) could change your next steps—see below for what to discuss with your clinician and when to seek care.
References:
Persky AM, & Brazeau GA. (2001). Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine… Pharmacological Reviews, 11734657.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11734657/
Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, Ziegenfuss TN, Wildman R, Collins R, et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety… Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 28068242.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28068242/
Ziol M, Handra‐Luca A, Kettaneh A, et al. (2005). Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness… Hepatology, 15963929.
Q.
What does alkaline phosphatase low usually mean?
A.
Low alkaline phosphatase means your level is below the lab’s reference range and is most often tied to nutrition or absorption issues (low protein, zinc, magnesium, B12), hypothyroidism, chronic liver disease, or rarer conditions like hypophosphatasia or Wilson’s disease; most cases are mild and reversible. There are several factors to consider—see below for detailed causes, red-flag symptoms (bone pain or fractures, jaundice, neurologic changes), and clear next steps such as repeating the test, checking related labs, reviewing diet/medications, and when to see a clinician.
References:
Bhan I, Mira M, Bansal S, et al. (2016). Low serum alkaline phosphatase predicts malnutrition and inflammation and is associated with higher mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. Peritoneal Dialysis International, 27452955.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27452955/
Kamath PS, & Wiesner RH. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 11157951.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157951/
de Lédinghen V, Vergniol J, Foucher J, et al. (2017). Prognostic value of liver stiffness measurements for hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology, 28676078.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1Aycock RD, Kass DA. Abnormal urine color. South Med J. 2012 Jan;105(1):43-7. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31823c413e. PMID: 22189666.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22189666/