Intermittent Urine Flow
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Incomplete bladder emptying
Frequent urination at night
Feeling of incomplete urination
Weak urine stream
Trouble starting urine stream
Difficulty starting urination
Frequent urination
Excessive urination
Leaking after peeing
Low urine pressure
Urine stream starts and stops
Intermittent urination
About the Symptom
Having a urine stream that involuntarily starts and stops. Generally this is due to partial obstruction of the urethra, the tube that drains the bladder.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Urine flow starts and stops
Possible Causes
Generally, Intermittent urine flow can be related to:
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate. Age-related changes in male hormone levels are thought to be the cause. Incidence increases with age with an estimated 80% of men over the age of 70 with BPH. Symptoms may include a weak urinary stream, leakage of urine after voiding and urinating frequently at night (nocturia).
- Urethral Stricture
The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder and allows urine to leave the body. A urethral stricture is when the urethra is narrowed, restricting the flow of urine from the bladder. This condition usually occurs due to inflammation or the presence of scar tissue. Pelvic fractures and an enlarged prostate can also cause urethral strictures.
- Neurogenic Bladder
A condition where nerves supplying the bladder are damaged. Causes include injury to the spinal cord and nerve diseases like Parkinson's disease and Multiple sclerosis.
- Prostate Cancer
- Overactive Bladder
- Drug-Induced Urinary Retention
- Cystitis
- Diabetes Mellitus
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Intermittent urine flow may be related to these serious diseases:
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare nerve disorder where a person's own immune system attacks their nerves. GBS can cause symptoms ranging from mild (arm/leg numbness or weakness) to severe and life-threatening (inability to breathe, abnormal heart rhythm, very high/low blood pressure). The prognosis is generally good. Over half of people fully recover and 80% can walk independently at 1 year. However, a minority of people may have permanent nerve damage or need a ventilator to breathe, and the overall death rate ranges from 3% to 7%.
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Does your urine flow stop and start?
- When did you first notice that your urine flow stops and starts?
- How frequently does your urine flow intermittently?
- How has your intermittent urine flow changed since it started?
Reviewed By:
Jason Chandrapal, MD (Urology)
Dr Chandrapal received his MD degree from Texas Tech Health Science Center School of Medicine. After graduation he did a research fellowship with the University of Utah Division of Urology, followed by 4 years of urology residency at Duke University. In 2020 he began a 2 year tenure as an Interprofessional Advanced Clinical Simulation Fellow at the Durham VA in Durham, NC where he created and implemented clinical simulations with an emphasis on emotional intelligence. Additionally he has experience with medical writing and consultation for Buoy Health.
Nao Saito, MD (Urology)
After graduating from Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Dr. Saito worked at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Toda Chuo General Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, and Ako Chuo Hospital before becoming Deputy Director (current position) at Takasaki Tower Clinic Department of Ophthalmology and Urology in April 2020.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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FAQs
Q.
Can sexually transmitted diseases cause frequent urination?
A.
Yes, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can cause frequent urination, as they may lead to urinary tract infections or inflammation.
References:
Wanic-Kossowska M, Kozioł L, Bajew L, & Czekalski S. (2001). Acute and chronic urinary tract infections caused by .... International urology and nephrology, 11583368.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11583368/
Lipsky BA. (1999). Prostatitis and urinary tract infection in men: what's new. The American journal of medicine, 10190383.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10190383/
Bremnor JD, & Sadovsky R. (2002). Evaluation of dysuria in adults. American family physician, 11989635.
Q.
Could lower back pain and frequent urination at night be related?
A.
Lower back pain and frequent urination at night can be related due to conditions like lumbar canal stenosis, which affects bladder function.
References:
Tretyakov VV, & Myakotnykh VS. (2020). [Lower urinary tract syndrome in elderly and senile people .... Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii, 33550748.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33550748/
Deen HG Jr, Zimmerman RS, Swanson SK, & Larson TR. (1994). Assessment of bladder function after lumbar .... Journal of neurosurgery, 8189277.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8189277/
Yamazaki K, Morimoto D, Isu T, Imai T, Matsumoto R, Isobe M, & Taniguchi N. (2011). Lumbar canal stenosis with overactive bladder presenting .... No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery, 21972188.
Q.
How can men improve a weak urine stream?
A.
Men can improve a weak urine stream by addressing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) through lifestyle changes, medications, or discussing surgical options with their doctor.
References:
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25823641/
Pfeiffer GM, & Giacomarra M. (1999). Benign prostatic hyperplasia. A review of diagnostic and .... Advance for nurse practitioners, 10382383.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10382383/
Hsieh K, Taylor JA, & Albertsen PC. (2003). Lower urinary tract symptoms in the older male. Connecticut medicine, 14587129.
Q.
How does menopause affect urination patterns at night?
A.
Menopause can lead to more frequent urination at night, known as nocturia, due to hormonal changes affecting the bladder and urinary tract.
References:
Pauwaert K, Goessaert AS, Robinson D, Cardozo L, Bower W, Calders P, et al. (2024). Nocturia in Menopausal Women: The Link Between Two .... International urogynecology journal, 38436669.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38436669/
Pauwaert K, Goessaert AS, Ghijselings L, Monaghan TF, Depypere H, & Everaert K. (2021). Nocturia through the menopausal transition and beyond. International urogynecology journal, 33439278.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33439278/
Robinson D, Toozs-Hobson P, & Cardozo L. (2013). The effect of hormones on the lower urinary tract. Menopause international, 24336244.
Q.
How does stress impact urine flow and frequency?
A.
Stress can cause changes in how often you need to pee and how much urine you produce, making you go more frequently or feel like you really need to go.
References:
Chess-Williams R, McDermott C, Sellers DJ, West EG, & Mills KA. (2021). Chronic psychological stress and lower urinary tract .... Lower urinary tract symptoms, 34132480.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34132480/
Imamura T, Ishizuka O, & Nishizawa O. (2013). Cold stress induces lower urinary tract symptoms. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association, 23441811.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23441811/
Selcuki D, Selcuki M, & Erturk AR. (2012). Urinary incontinence triggered by stretching exercises. Turkish neurosurgery, 22665007.
Q.
How is a weak urine stream medically defined?
A.
A weak urine stream is when the flow of urine is slower or less forceful than usual, often due to problems like benign prostatic hyperplasia.
References:
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25823641/
Kyoda Y, Shibamori K, Shindo T, Maehana T, Hashimoto K, Kobayashi K, et al. (2024). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing hyperplasia of the .... International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association, 38462732.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38462732/
Pfeiffer GM, & Giacomarra M. (1999). Benign prostatic hyperplasia. A review of diagnostic and .... Advance for nurse practitioners, 10382383.
Q.
Is it common to experience leaking urine after having a baby, and what can be done about it?
A.
It is common for women to experience urine leakage after having a baby. Exercises and other treatments can help manage this issue.
References:
Schytt E, Lindmark G, & Waldenström U. (2004). Symptoms of stress incontinence 1 year after childbirth. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 15453888.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15453888/
Thom DH, & Rortveit G. (2010). Prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 21050146.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21050146/
Jansson MH, Franzén K, Tegerstedt G, Hiyoshi A, & Nilsson K. (2021). Stress and urgency urinary incontinence one year after a .... Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 34699060.
Q.
Is it normal to feel like urination is incomplete during pregnancy?
A.
Feeling like you haven't completely emptied your bladder during pregnancy can happen, but it's important to talk to your doctor about it.
References:
Nutaitis AC, Meckes NA, Madsen AM, Toal CT, Menhaji K, Carter-Brooks CM, et al. (2023). Postpartum urinary retention: an expert review. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 35932877.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35932877/
Stevenson MM, & Radcliffe KW. (1995). Preventing pelvic infection after abortion. International journal of STD & AIDS, 8547409.
Q.
What are the common causes of difficulty starting urination in males?
A.
Difficulty starting urination in males is often caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or certain medications that can lead to urinary retention.
References:
Chaikin DC, & Blaivas JG. (2001). Voiding dysfunction: definitions. Current opinion in urology, 11429500.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11429500/
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25823641/
Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, & Bosch R. (2008). Drug-induced urinary retention: incidence, management .... Drug safety, 18422378.
Q.
What are the common causes of leaking urine after peeing?
A.
Leaking urine after peeing can be caused by weak pelvic floor muscles, certain medications, or conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
References:
Bø K. (2004). Urinary incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, exercise and .... Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 15233598.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15233598/
Tsakiris P, Oelke M, & Michel MC. (2008). Drug-induced urinary incontinence. Drugs & aging, 18582143.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18582143/
Battaglia S, Benfante A, Principe S, Basile L, & Scichilone N. (2019). Urinary Incontinence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary .... Drugs & aging, 31201688.
Q.
What are the common causes of low pee pressure?
A.
Low pee pressure can be caused by nerve problems affecting the bladder or blockages that make it hard for urine to flow out.
References:
Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, & Kelly JJ. (2012). Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies. Muscle & nerve, 22190298.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22190298/
Hasegawa N, Kitagawa Y, Takasaki N, & Miyazaki S. (1983). The effect of abdominal pressure on urinary flow rate. The Journal of urology, 6864886.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6864886/
Cameron AP, & Gajewski JB. (2009). Bladder outlet obstruction in painful bladder syndrome .... Neurourology and urodynamics, 19301413.
Q.
What are the implications of having low bladder pressure?
A.
Low bladder pressure can be linked to issues like difficulty urinating or incomplete bladder emptying, especially in the elderly or those with specific conditions.
References:
Webb RJ, Griffiths CJ, Ramsden PD, & Neal DE. (1992). Ambulatory monitoring of bladder pressure in low .... The Journal of urology, 1433551.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1433551/
Rastogi S. (2017). Low-Pressure, Low-Flow Voiding Dysfunction in an Elderly .... Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 28592135.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28592135/
Wang SC, McGuire EJ, & Bloom DA. (1988). A bladder pressure management system for myelodysplasia. The Journal of urology, 3193522.
Q.
What are the possible causes and treatments for intermittent urine flow?
A.
Intermittent urine flow can be caused by problems with the pelvic floor muscles or other voiding dysfunctions, and treatments often involve exercises, medications, or other therapies to improve bladder control.
References:
Chermansky CJ, & Moalli PA. (2016). Role of pelvic floor in lower urinary tract function. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 26209089.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26209089/
Bowen LW. (1989). Voiding dysfunction. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 2697820.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2697820/
Takeda M, Araki I, Kamiyama M, Takihana Y, Komuro M, & Furuya Y. (2003). Diagnosis and treatment of voiding symptoms. Urology, 14662402.
Q.
What are the potential causes of low urine pressure?
A.
Low urine pressure can be caused by aging, nerve problems, or bladder issues. These conditions can affect how well the bladder and urinary system work.
References:
Rastogi S. (2017). Low-Pressure, Low-Flow Voiding Dysfunction in an Elderly .... Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 28592135.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28592135/
Diokno AC, Brown MB, Goldstein NG, & Herzog AR. (1994). Urinary flow rates and voiding pressures in elderly men .... The Journal of urology, 8189568.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8189568/
Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, & Kelly JJ. (2012). Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies. Muscle & nerve, 22190298.
Q.
What are the primary causes of frequent urination at night?
A.
Frequent urination at night, known as nocturia, can be caused by factors like aging, certain medical conditions, and lifestyle habits.
References:
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Asplund R. (2004). Nocturia, nocturnal polyuria, and sleep quality in the elderly. Journal of psychosomatic research, 15172208.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15172208/
Oelke M, Fangmeyer B, Zinke J, & Witt JH. (2018). [Nocturia in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Aktuelle Urologie, 30086589.
Q.
What are the treatment options for incomplete bladder emptying in females?
A.
Incomplete bladder emptying in females can be treated with lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery. It's important to understand the cause to choose the best treatment.
References:
Yamany T, Elia M, Lee JJ, & Singla AK. (2019). Female underactive bladder - Current status and .... Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India, 30692720.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30692720/
Mevcha A, & Drake MJ. (2010). Etiology and management of urinary retention in women. Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India, 20877602.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20877602/
Hellström P, Lukkarinen O, & Kontturi M. (1987). The treatment of incomplete bladder emptying in females .... Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae, 3619390.
Q.
What are the treatment options for low pee pressure in men?
A.
Low pee pressure in men can be treated with medications like tadalafil, which can improve urinary flow. It's important to identify if any medications are causing urinary retention, as stopping them might resolve the issue.
References:
Negro CL, & Muir GH. (2012). Chronic urinary retention in men: how we define it, and .... BJU international, 22452619.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22452619/
Roehrborn CG, Chapple C, Oelke M, Cox D, Esler A, & Viktrup L. (2014). Effects of tadalafil once daily on maximum urinary flow rate .... The Journal of urology, 24445278.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24445278/
Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, & Bosch R. (2008). Drug-induced urinary retention: incidence, management .... Drug safety, 18422378.
Q.
What can be done to address a low pressure urine stream?
A.
To address a low pressure urine stream, understanding the relationship between abdominal pressure and urinary flow is key, and treatment can be tailored based on pressure-flow studies.
References:
Hasegawa N, Kitagawa Y, Takasaki N, & Miyazaki S. (1983). The effect of abdominal pressure on urinary flow rate. The Journal of urology, 6864886.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6864886/
Haab F. (1999). [Contribution of pressure-flow relationship studies in .... Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie, 10212970.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10212970/
Tanaka Y, Masumori N, Tsukamoto T, Furuya S, Furuya R, & Ogura H. (2009). Treatment strategy according to findings on pressure-flow .... Advances in urology, 19841751.
Q.
What can cause difficulty in initiating a urine stream?
A.
Difficulty in starting to pee can be caused by problems with the nerves, muscles, or prostate, such as in cerebral palsy or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
References:
Mayo ME. (1992). Lower urinary tract dysfunction in cerebral palsy. The Journal of urology, 1732607.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1732607/
Chaikin DC, & Blaivas JG. (2001). Voiding dysfunction: definitions. Current opinion in urology, 11429500.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11429500/
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
Q.
What causes a urine stream to split, and is it a concern?
A.
A split urine stream can be caused by an obstruction or abnormality in the urethra and may require medical attention if persistent.
References:
Cohen AJ, Patino G, Mirramezani M, Srirangapatanam S, Tresh A, Cheema B, et al. (2020). Novel measurement tool and model for aberrant urinary .... PloS one, 33175862.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33175862/
Kubota Y, Kamei S, Ehara H, Deguchii T, & Takahashi Y. (2008). Anterior urethral valve in the fossa navicularis presenting .... Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica, 18323174.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18323174/
Hallak A, Bennett W, Tanbir MA, Donthamsetty SR, & Vincent B. (2023). Penile Livedoid Vasculopathy: First Reported Case. Case reports in vascular medicine, 37440957.
Q.
What causes an intermittent urine stream and how can it be treated?
A.
An intermittent urine stream can be caused by issues with the pelvic floor or lower urinary tract, and treatments may include medications like tamsulosin.
References:
Chermansky CJ, & Moalli PA. (2016). Role of pelvic floor in lower urinary tract function. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 26209089.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26209089/
Rakowska-Silska M, Jobs K, Paturej A, & Kalicki B. (2020). Voiding Disorders in Pediatrician's Practice. Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics, 33293883.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33293883/
Yanardag H, Goktas S, Kibar Y, Kilic S, & Erduran D. (2005). Intermittent tamsulosin therapy in men with lower urinary .... The Journal of urology, 15592062.
Q.
What could a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying suggest about bladder health?
A.
Feeling like you haven't fully emptied your bladder might mean there are issues with how your bladder is working. This can happen due to different reasons, such as muscle problems or nerve issues.
References:
Van Kuiken M, Volkin D, Zaila Ardines K, Lin FC, Fullerton M, Kwan L, & Nitti VW. (2022). Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying in women. Neurourology and urodynamics, 34913516.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34913516/
Özlülerden Y, Toktaş C, Zümrütbaş AE, Gülten MC, Başer A, Yapıcı O, & Aybek Z. (2018). Can feeling of incomplete bladder emptying reflect .... Investigative and clinical urology, 29333513.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29333513/
Lee KS, & Koo KC. (2020). Clinical Factors Associated With the Feeling of Incomplete .... International neurourology journal, 32615680.
Q.
What could be causing my urine flow to be slow?
A.
Slow urine flow can be caused by certain medications or medical conditions affecting the bladder or urinary tract.
References:
Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, & Bosch R. (2008). Drug-induced urinary retention: incidence, management .... Drug safety, 18422378.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18422378/
Roehrborn CG, Chapple C, Oelke M, Cox D, Esler A, & Viktrup L. (2014). Effects of tadalafil once daily on maximum urinary flow rate .... The Journal of urology, 24445278.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24445278/
Drake MJ, Nixon PM, & Crew JP. (1998). Drug-induced bladder and urinary disorders. Incidence, .... Drug safety, 9673857.
Q.
What could cause a decrease in the strength of my urine stream?
A.
A decrease in the strength of your urine stream can be caused by certain medications that affect the bladder's ability to empty properly.
References:
Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, & Bosch R. (2008). Drug-induced urinary retention: incidence, management .... Drug safety, 18422378.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18422378/
Drake MJ, Nixon PM, & Crew JP. (1998). Drug-induced bladder and urinary disorders. Incidence, .... Drug safety, 9673857.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9673857/
Meyboom RH, Brodie-Meijer CC, Diemont WL, & van Puijenbroek EP. (1999). Bladder dysfunction during the use of tramadol. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 15073888.
Q.
What could cause frequent urination if a urinary tract infection is not present?
A.
Frequent urination can be caused by conditions like overactive bladder, peripheral neuropathies, or the use of diuretics, even if there is no urinary tract infection.
References:
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, & Kelly JJ. (2012). Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies. Muscle & nerve, 22190298.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22190298/
Ekundayo OJ. (2009). The association between overactive bladder and diuretic .... Current urology reports, 19863854.
Q.
What could cause low pressure in urine flow for males?
A.
Low urine flow in men can be caused by issues like an enlarged prostate or problems with the bladder muscles.
References:
Rastogi S. (2017). Low-Pressure, Low-Flow Voiding Dysfunction in an Elderly .... Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 28592135.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28592135/
Diokno AC, Brown MB, Goldstein NG, & Herzog AR. (1994). Urinary flow rates and voiding pressures in elderly men .... The Journal of urology, 8189568.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8189568/
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
Q.
What could cause my urine stream to not be straight?
A.
A not-straight urine stream can be influenced by your posture while urinating, such as standing or sitting.
References:
Devreese AM, Nuyens G, Staes F, Vereecken RL, De Weerdt W, & Stappaerts K. (2000). Do posture and straining influence urinary-flow parameters .... Neurourology and urodynamics, 10602243.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10602243/
de Jong Y, Pinckaers JH, ten Brinck RM, Lycklama à Nijeholt AA, & Dekkers OM. (2014). Urinating standing versus sitting: position is of influence in .... PloS one, 25051345.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25051345/
Godec CJ, Cass AS, & Ruiz E. (1982). Another aspect of acute urinary retention in young patients. Annals of emergency medicine, 7114592.
Q.
What could excessive thirst and urination indicate about my health?
A.
Excessive thirst and urination can be signs of conditions like diabetes or a problem with how your body handles water.
References:
Robertson GL. (1988). Differential diagnosis of polyuria. Annual review of medicine, 3285784.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3285784/
Priya G, Kalra S, Dasgupta A, & Grewal E. (2021). Diabetes Insipidus: A Pragmatic Approach to Management. Cureus, 33425560.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33425560/
Gupta S, Sharma N, Arora S, & Verma S. (2024). Diabetes: a review of its pathophysiology, and advanced .... Current medical research and opinion, 38512073.
Q.
What could frequent urination at night indicate for males?
A.
Frequent urination at night in males, known as nocturia, can be a sign of sleep apnea or an enlarged prostate. It is important to understand the underlying cause to manage the condition effectively.
References:
Pressman MR, Figueroa WG, Kendrick-Mohamed J, Greenspon LW, & Peterson DD. (1996). Nocturia. A rarely recognized symptom of sleep apnea and .... Archives of internal medicine, 8604961.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8604961/
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Oelke M, Fangmeyer B, Zinke J, & Witt JH. (2018). [Nocturia in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Aktuelle Urologie, 30086589.
Q.
What diagnostic tests are used to assess incomplete emptying of the bladder?
A.
Doctors use several tests to check if the bladder is not emptying completely, like measuring how much urine is left in the bladder after peeing and using special scans or tests to see how the bladder works.
References:
Van Kuiken M, Volkin D, Zaila Ardines K, Lin FC, Fullerton M, Kwan L, & Nitti VW. (2022). Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying in women. Neurourology and urodynamics, 34913516.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34913516/
Özlülerden Y, Toktaş C, Zümrütbaş AE, Gülten MC, Başer A, Yapıcı O, & Aybek Z. (2018). Can feeling of incomplete bladder emptying reflect .... Investigative and clinical urology, 29333513.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29333513/
Garrett VE, Scott JA, Costich J, Aubrey DL, & Gross J. (1989). Bladder emptying assessment in stroke patients. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2916918.
Q.
What does a sense of incomplete bladder emptying indicate?
A.
Feeling like your bladder isn’t empty after peeing can be due to various reasons, including bladder problems or other health issues.
References:
Van Kuiken M, Volkin D, Zaila Ardines K, Lin FC, Fullerton M, Kwan L, & Nitti VW. (2022). Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying in women. Neurourology and urodynamics, 34913516.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34913516/
Özlülerden Y, Toktaş C, Zümrütbaş AE, Gülten MC, Başer A, Yapıcı O, & Aybek Z. (2018). Can feeling of incomplete bladder emptying reflect .... Investigative and clinical urology, 29333513.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29333513/
Lee KS, & Koo KC. (2020). Clinical Factors Associated With the Feeling of Incomplete .... International neurourology journal, 32615680.
Q.
What interventions are effective for managing pee leaking after urination?
A.
Exercises for the pelvic floor and changing body positions can help manage pee leaking after urination.
References:
Bø K. (2004). Urinary incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, exercise and .... Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 15233598.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15233598/
Sajadi KP, & Vasavada SP. (2010). Overactive bladder after sling surgery. Current urology reports, 20803179.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20803179/
Norton PA, & Baker JE. (1994). Postural changes can reduce leakage in women with .... Obstetrics and gynecology, 7936510.
Q.
What medical conditions could cause leaking after urination?
A.
Leaking after urination can be caused by urine leaks from the urinary system or by certain medications that affect bladder function.
References:
Titton RL, Gervais DA, Hahn PF, Harisinghani MG, Arellano RS, & Mueller PR. (2003). Urine leaks and urinomas: diagnosis and imaging-guided .... Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc, 12975505.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12975505/
Tsakiris P, Oelke M, & Michel MC. (2008). Drug-induced urinary incontinence. Drugs & aging, 18582143.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18582143/
Drake MJ, Nixon PM, & Crew JP. (1998). Drug-induced bladder and urinary disorders. Incidence, .... Drug safety, 9673857.
Q.
What medical conditions might cause difficulty starting a urine stream?
A.
Difficulty starting a urine stream can be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or other voiding dysfunctions.
References:
Chaikin DC, & Blaivas JG. (2001). Voiding dysfunction: definitions. Current opinion in urology, 11429500.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11429500/
Sidney S, Quesenberry C Jr, Sadler MC, Lydick EG, Guess HA, & Cattolica EV. (1991). Risk factors for surgically treated benign prostatic .... Urology, 1714653.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1714653/
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
Q.
What might cause a delay in starting a urine stream?
A.
A delay in starting a urine stream can be caused by certain medications or medical conditions that affect the urinary system.
References:
Lowenstein L, Mueller ER, Sharma S, & FitzGerald MP. (2007). Urinary hesitancy and retention during treatment with .... International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 17089079.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17089079/
Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, & Bosch R. (2008). Drug-induced urinary retention: incidence, management .... Drug safety, 18422378.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18422378/
Stankovic C, & Mahajan PV. (2007). A 16-year-old boy with acute urinary retention. Pediatric emergency care, 17726420.
Q.
What might cause a male to feel like urination is incomplete?
A.
Feeling like you haven't finished urinating can happen if there are issues with the bladder or prostate, like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is common in older men.
References:
Chaikin DC, & Blaivas JG. (2001). Voiding dysfunction: definitions. Current opinion in urology, 11429500.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11429500/
Takeda M, Araki I, Kamiyama M, Takihana Y, Komuro M, & Furuya Y. (2003). Diagnosis and treatment of voiding symptoms. Urology, 14662402.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14662402/
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
Q.
What might cause a urine stream to start and stop intermittently?
A.
A urine stream that starts and stops can be caused by certain medications, like tramadol, or infections, such as herpes, which affect bladder function.
References:
Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, & Bosch R. (2008). Drug-induced urinary retention: incidence, management .... Drug safety, 18422378.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18422378/
Meyboom RH, Brodie-Meijer CC, Diemont WL, & van Puijenbroek EP. (1999). Bladder dysfunction during the use of tramadol. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 15073888.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15073888/
Yamanishi T, Yasuda K, Sakakibara R, Hattori T, Uchiyama T, Minamide M, & Ito H. (1998). Urinary retention due to herpes virus infections. Neurourology and urodynamics, 9829425.
Q.
What remedies are available to fix a weak urine stream?
A.
A weak urine stream can sometimes be improved with medications like tadalafil, which may help increase urine flow. Other causes, such as bladder or prostate issues, might require different treatments.
References:
Roehrborn CG, Chapple C, Oelke M, Cox D, Esler A, & Viktrup L. (2014). Effects of tadalafil once daily on maximum urinary flow rate .... The Journal of urology, 24445278.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24445278/
Deen HG Jr, Zimmerman RS, Swanson SK, & Larson TR. (1994). Assessment of bladder function after lumbar .... Journal of neurosurgery, 8189277.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8189277/
Reynard JM, & Shearer RJ. (1999). Failure to void after transurethral resection of the prostate .... Urology, 9933050.
Q.
What should a 30-year-old male do if experiencing a weak urine stream?
A.
A 30-year-old male experiencing a weak urine stream should consider seeing a doctor to check for possible causes such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or other conditions.
References:
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25823641/
Paśko P, Rodacki T, Domagała-Rodacka R, & Owczarek D. (2016). Interactions between medications employed in treating .... Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 27551761.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27551761/
Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks I, & Wilt TJ. (2010). Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 20927745.
Q.
What strategies can help with difficulty starting urination?
A.
Difficulty starting urination can be managed by addressing underlying conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia and avoiding medications that may cause urinary retention.
References:
Chaikin DC, & Blaivas JG. (2001). Voiding dysfunction: definitions. Current opinion in urology, 11429500.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11429500/
Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, & Bosch R. (2008). Drug-induced urinary retention: incidence, management .... Drug safety, 18422378.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18422378/
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
Q.
What treatments are available for leaking urine after peeing?
A.
Leaking urine after peeing can be treated with pelvic floor exercises or surgery, depending on the cause.
References:
Bø K. (2004). Urinary incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, exercise and .... Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 15233598.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15233598/
Marcelissen T, & Van Kerrebroeck P. (2018). Overactive bladder symptoms after midurethral sling .... Neurourology and urodynamics, 28631830.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28631830/
Sajadi KP, & Vasavada SP. (2010). Overactive bladder after sling surgery. Current urology reports, 20803179.
Q.
Which medications are known to cause frequent urination at night?
A.
Certain medications like clozapine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can cause frequent urination at night, also known as nocturia.
References:
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Tanzer T, Warren N, McMahon L, Barras M, Kisely S, Brooks E, et al. (2022). Treatment strategies for clozapine-induced nocturnal .... CNS spectrums, 35086595.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35086595/
Movig KL, Leufkens HG, Belitser SV, Lenderink AW, & Egberts AC. (2002). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced urinary .... Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 12138594.
Q.
Why might men experience leaking after peeing?
A.
Men might leak urine after peeing due to a condition called post-micturition dribble, which can happen for various reasons, including previous surgeries or other medical conditions.
References:
Yang DY, Jeong HC, Ko K, Lee SH, Lee SK, Shin TY, et al. (2019). Effect of tadalafil 5 mg on post-micturition dribble in men .... BJU international, 31207030.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31207030/
Penson DF, McLerran D, Feng Z, Li L, Albertsen PC, Gilliland FD, et al. (2005). 5-year urinary and sexual outcomes after radical .... The Journal of urology, 15821561.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15821561/
Colapinto V, & McCallum RW. (1976). Urinary continence after repair of membranous urethral .... The Journal of urology, 1263313.
Q.
Why might some women experience leaking pee while pregnant?
A.
Some women might leak pee during pregnancy because their growing baby puts pressure on the bladder, and hormonal changes can affect bladder control.
References:
Martínez Franco E, Parés D, Lorente Colomé N, Méndez Paredes JR, & Amat Tardiu L. (2014). Urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Is there a .... European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 25262291.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25262291/
Daly D, Clarke M, & Begley C. (2018). Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and .... International urogynecology journal, 29362836.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29362836/
Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS, Hunskaar S, & Norwegian EPINCONT Study. (2003). Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean .... The New England journal of medicine, 12621134.
Q.
Can becoming sexually active increase the frequency of urination in females?
A.
Becoming sexually active can increase the frequency of urination in females, often due to urinary tract infections (UTIs).
References:
Elster AB, Lach PA, Roghmann KJ, & McAnarney ER. (1981). Relationship between frequency of sexual intercourse and .... Southern medical journal, 7244750.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7244750/
Foxman B, & Chi JW. (1990). Health behavior and urinary tract infection in college-aged .... Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2324774.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2324774/
Feldman RG, Johnson AL, Schober PC, Bignell CJ, Ridgway GL, & Oriel JD. (1986). Aetiology of urinary symptoms in sexually active women. Genitourinary medicine, 3533756.
Q.
How can frequent urination in women be effectively managed?
A.
Frequent urination in women can be managed with lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, and sometimes medication, depending on the cause.
References:
Kowalczyk J. (2003). A review of the overactive bladder in women and men. The journal of gender-specific medicine : JGSM : the official journal of the Partnership for Women's Health at Columbia, 14714447.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14714447/
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Hsieh CH, & Su TH. (2017). Treatment strategy for urinary frequency in women. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 28074550.
Q.
How can I manage frequent urination at night to improve sleep quality?
A.
To manage frequent urination at night, consider adjusting fluid intake, managing certain health conditions, and consulting a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
References:
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Asplund R. (1995). The nocturnal polyuria syndrome (NPS). General pharmacology, 7590108.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7590108/
Oelke M, Fangmeyer B, Zinke J, & Witt JH. (2018). [Nocturia in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Aktuelle Urologie, 30086589.
Q.
Is it normal to experience frequent urination just one week into pregnancy?
A.
Frequent urination is a common symptom during pregnancy, but it typically becomes more noticeable later on rather than just one week in.
References:
Beyazıt A, Hakverdi AU, & Gözükara KH. (2023). The Effect of Pregnancy on Urinary Symptoms. Cureus, 37772213.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37772213/
Ivare AM, Obloza A, & Goddard JC. (2023). Bladder pain syndrome and pregnancy. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 37421744.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37421744/
van der Post JA, van Buul BJ, Hart AA, van Heerikhuize JJ, Pesman G, Legros JJ, et al. (1997). Vasopressin and oxytocin levels during normal pregnancy. The Journal of endocrinology, 9071954.
Q.
What causes the feeling of incomplete urination in females, and how can it be addressed?
A.
The feeling of incomplete urination in females can be caused by several factors, including bladder dysfunction or urinary tract issues. Addressing it involves identifying the underlying cause and may include lifestyle changes or medical treatment.
References:
Van Kuiken M, Volkin D, Zaila Ardines K, Lin FC, Fullerton M, Kwan L, & Nitti VW. (2022). Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying in women. Neurourology and urodynamics, 34913516.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34913516/
Lee KS, & Koo KC. (2020). Clinical Factors Associated With the Feeling of Incomplete .... International neurourology journal, 32615680.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32615680/
Takeda M, Araki I, Kamiyama M, Takihana Y, Komuro M, & Furuya Y. (2003). Diagnosis and treatment of voiding symptoms. Urology, 14662402.
Q.
What medical evaluations are recommended for excessive urination at night?
A.
Excessive urination at night, also known as nocturia, can be evaluated by considering conditions like sleep apnea, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the effects of aging. A healthcare provider might explore these issues to find the cause.
References:
Pressman MR, Figueroa WG, Kendrick-Mohamed J, Greenspon LW, & Peterson DD. (1996). Nocturia. A rarely recognized symptom of sleep apnea and .... Archives of internal medicine, 8604961.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8604961/
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Oelke M, Fangmeyer B, Zinke J, & Witt JH. (2018). [Nocturia in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Aktuelle Urologie, 30086589.
Q.
What underlying conditions could cause frequent urination in females?
A.
Frequent urination in females can be caused by urinary tract infections and other conditions affecting the bladder or urethra.
References:
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Stamm WE, Wagner KF, Amsel R, Alexander ER, Turck M, Counts GW, & Holmes KK. (1980). Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women. The New England journal of medicine, 6993946.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6993946/
Anton CI, Ștefan I, Zamfir M, Ghiațău CF, Sima CS, Osman CL, et al. (2025). Etiology and Risk Factors of Recurrent Urinary Tract .... Microorganisms, 40142518.
Q.
When during pregnancy does frequent urination typically begin?
A.
Frequent urination often starts early in pregnancy and can continue as the pregnancy progresses.
References:
Beyazıt A, Hakverdi AU, & Gözükara KH. (2023). The Effect of Pregnancy on Urinary Symptoms. Cureus, 37772213.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37772213/
Wesnes SL, Rortveit G, Bø K, & Hunskaar S. (2007). Urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 17400855.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17400855/
Lubrano Rosales A, & Chesa Ponce N. (1999). [Study of urinary outflow in pregnancy]. Actas urologicas espanolas, 10608060.
Q.
How prevalent is frequent urination among men of different age groups?
A.
Frequent urination is common among men, especially as they get older. It can happen during the day or at night, and older men are more likely to experience it.
References:
Andersson SO, Rashidkhani B, Karlberg L, Wolk A, & Johansson JE. (2004). Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged 45 .... BJU international, 15291861.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15291861/
Tabara Y, Matsumoto T, Murase K, Setoh K, Kawaguchi T, Nagashima S, et al. (2019). Frequent nocturnal urination in older men is associated .... Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 31399710.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31399710/
Saito M, Kondo A, Kato T, & Yamada Y. (1993). comparison of frequency between elderly and adult patients. British journal of urology, 8149176.
Q.
Is frequent urination before a period a common symptom, and why does it occur?
A.
Frequent urination before a period can be common due to hormonal changes affecting the urinary tract. These changes can lead to symptoms like increased urination.
References:
Hextall A, Bidmead J, Cardozo L, & Hooper R. (2001). The impact of the menstrual cycle on urinary symptoms and .... BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 11762662.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11762662/
Miodrag A, Castleden CM, & Vallance TR. (1988). Sex hormones and the female urinary tract. Drugs, 3069438.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3069438/
Neĭmark AI, Chuliukova II, Mazyrko AV, Neĭmark BA, & Blinova OB. (2003). [Treatment of stable dysuria in women]. Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999), 12621968.
Q.
What could be the reasons for experiencing a weak urine stream?
A.
A weak urine stream can be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or bladder outlet obstruction, which can happen due to various reasons.
References:
Mobley D, Feibus A, & Baum N. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms. Postgraduate medicine, 25823641.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25823641/
Cameron AP, & Gajewski JB. (2009). Bladder outlet obstruction in painful bladder syndrome .... Neurourology and urodynamics, 19301413.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19301413/
Kyoda Y, Shibamori K, Shindo T, Maehana T, Hashimoto K, Kobayashi K, et al. (2024). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing hyperplasia of the .... International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association, 38462732.
Q.
What health conditions are commonly associated with excessive urination?
A.
Excessive urination can be caused by conditions like overactive bladder, diabetes, the use of diuretics, and chronic kidney disease.
References:
Kallas HE, Chintanadilok J, Maruenda J, Donahue JL, & Lowenthal DT. (1999). Treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Drugs & aging, 10641954.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641954/
Ekundayo OJ. (2009). The association between overactive bladder and diuretic .... Current urology reports, 19863854.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19863854/
Ridgway A, Cotterill N, Dawson S, Drake MJ, Henderson EJ, Huntley AL, et al. (2022). Nocturia and Chronic Kidney Disease: Systematic Review .... European urology focus, 35031353.
Q.
Why is frequent urination a common symptom in early pregnancy?
A.
Frequent urination during early pregnancy happens because of hormonal changes and increased blood flow, which make the kidneys produce more urine.
References:
Beyazıt A, Hakverdi AU, & Gözükara KH. (2023). The Effect of Pregnancy on Urinary Symptoms. Cureus, 37772213.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37772213/
Kristiansson P, Samuelsson E, von Schoultz B, & Svärdsudd K. (2001). Reproductive hormones and stress urinary incontinence in .... Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 11846710.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11846710/
Thorp JM Jr, Norton PA, Wall LL, Kuller JA, Eucker B, & Wells E. (1999). Urinary incontinence in pregnancy and the puerperium. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 10454667.
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