High Blood Pressure
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Blood pressure is high
Episode of high blood pressure
Possible Causes
Generally, High blood pressure can be related to:
- Hypertension
Hypertension is high blood pressure (increased pressure of blood against blood vessel walls). It's classified into primary and secondary. Primary is when the cause is unknown. Secondary is due to underlying conditions, such as kidney or thyroid disease. Risk factors include smoking, being overweight, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, genetics, etc. There are often no symptoms. If untreated, it can cause health problems, such as heart disease and stroke.
- Subcortical Hemorrhage
Subcortical hemorrhage refers to bleeding in the subcortical region of the brain. Causes include hereditary abnormalities of blood vessels in the brain, hypertension, and trauma. It is a type of stroke and is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention.
- Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma is a rare and typically benign tumor that grows in your adrenal gland. Your adrenal glands are small triangular organs, located above your kidneys, responsible for producing hormones that regulate your blood pressure, metabolism, and body reactions in stressful states. Pheochromocytomas are usually caused by genetic mutations and are associated with hereditary syndromes. Some symptoms include These symptoms can include: high blood pressure, headaches, irregular heartbeat, and sweating.
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, High blood pressure may be related to these serious diseases:
- Gestational Hypertension
High blood pressure can be a side effect of pregnancy. In some cases, this can be severe and harmful to both mother and child. The causes are varied, but risk is higher in obese, older, and first-time mothers.
- Preeclampsia
- HELLP Syndrome
- Eclampsia
- Placental Abruption
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Is your blood pressure 140mmHg or higher?
- How long have you had high blood pressure (above 140mmHg)?
Reviewed By:
Unnati Patel, MD, MSc (Family Medicine)
Dr.Patel serves as Center Medical Director and a Primary Care Physician at Oak Street Health in Arizona. She graduated from the Zhejiang University School of Medicine prior to working in clinical research focused on preventive medicine at the University of Illinois and the University of Nevada. Dr. Patel earned her MSc in Global Health from Georgetown University, during which she worked with the WHO in Sierra Leone and Save the Children in Washington, D.C. She went on to complete her Family Medicine residency in Chicago at Norwegian American Hospital before completing a fellowship in Leadership in Value-based Care in conjunction with the Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management, where she earned her MBA. Dr. Patel’s interests include health tech and teaching medical students and she currently serves as Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Arizona School of Medicine.
Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)
Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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FAQs
Q.
Amlodipine Side Effects? Why Your Ankles Swell and Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Amlodipine can cause ankle swelling because it relaxes arteries more than veins, letting fluid shift into the tissues; it is usually not dangerous, but the risk rises with higher doses and any new, one-sided, painful swelling or shortness of breath needs prompt medical attention. Do not stop amlodipine on your own; talk to your doctor about dose changes, switching medications, adding an ACE inhibitor or ARB, and supportive steps like leg elevation or, if appropriate, compression stockings. There are several factors to consider, including other medications and red flags, so see the complete guidance below for medically approved next steps.
References:
* Chelliah, D., & Nissen, S. E. (2010). Amlodipine-induced peripheral edema: mechanisms and management. *Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)*, *12*(4), 284–290.
* Messerli, F. H., & Grossman, E. (2005). Mechanism of peripheral edema caused by calcium channel blockers. *Current Hypertension Reports*, *7*(5), 374–378.
* Makani, H., Bangalore, S., Romero, J., Messerli, F. H., & Wasan, S. K. (2012). Management of peripheral oedema with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers: a practical approach. *Journal of Human Hypertension*, *26*(2), 118–125.
* Sica, D. A. (2005). Strategies for the management of peripheral edema with calcium channel blockers. *Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)*, *7*(12), 706–710.
* Li, H., & Huang, Y. (2021). Amlodipine in treatment of hypertension and ischemic heart disease: a review. *Current Pharmaceutical Design*, *27*(26), 2883–2892.
Q.
Silent Pounding? Why Your Heart Is Racing: Blood Pressure Chart & Medical Steps
A.
A racing or pounding heart is often harmless but can overlap with high blood pressure or other conditions; compare your numbers to the blood pressure chart (normal under 120/80, Stage 1 is 130 to 139 over 80 to 89, Stage 2 is 140 or higher over 90 or higher, and 180/120 or higher with red flag symptoms is an emergency). Check your pulse and blood pressure after resting, address triggers like caffeine, anxiety, dehydration, or poor sleep, and seek care for repeated Stage 1 or 2 readings, a resting heart rate over 100, or any emergency signs such as chest pain or vision changes. There are several factors to consider. See complete details below for the full chart, risks, home monitoring steps, and proven treatments that could change your next steps.
References:
* Grillo A, Grillo M, De Siena A, Cacciapuoti F. Autonomic Nervous System and Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Exp Cardiol. 2017 Oct;8(7):1000539. doi: 10.4172/2155-9880.1000539. Epub 2017 Oct 11. PMID: 29019777; PMCID: PMC5639149.
* Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-e248. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006. Epub 2017 Nov 13. PMID: 29133354.
* Singh M, Singh V, Agrawal Y, Jain S. Sinus Tachycardia: Mechanisms and Management. J Clin Med Res. 2020 Jul;12(7):435-442. doi: 10.14740/jocmr4245. Epub 2020 Jul 15. PMID: 32644449; PMCID: PMC7359045.
* Cuspidi C, Tadic M, Kario K. White Coat Hypertension: Diagnosis, Clinical Implications, and Management. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2021 Jul 2;23(7):29. doi: 10.1007/s11906-021-01150-1. PMID: 34187063; PMCID: PMC8251846.
* Goessl NC, Kretzschmar LM, Dudenhöffer A, et al. Lifestyle Approaches to Prevent and Treat Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018 Apr 4;20(4):30. doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0829-x. PMID: 29559670.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Desai AN. High Blood Pressure. JAMA. 2020 Sep 22;324(12):1254-1255. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.11289. PMID: 32960243.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2770851Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ; Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003 Dec;42(6):1206-52. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2. Epub 2003 Dec 1. PMID: 14656957.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2?cookieSet=1Xiong P, Liu Z, Xiong M, Xie F. Prevalence of high blood pressure under 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2021 Mar;35(3):193-206. doi: 10.1038/s41371-020-00454-8. Epub 2020 Dec 8. PMID: 33293630.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-020-00454-8High blood pressure (hypertension)
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/