Insomnia

Free Symptom Checker
with Physician-supervised AI

Worried about your symptoms?

Start the Insomnia test with our free AI Symptom Checker.

This will help us personalize your assessment.

Shiba

By starting the symptom checker, you agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use

Try one of these related symptoms.

Inability to sleep

Hard to fall asleep or stay asleep

Waking up in the middle of the night

Trouble sleeping

Cannot sleep well

Staying awake throughout the night and sleeping during the day

Feeling tired or sleepy during the day

Sleep inversion

Sleep deprivation

Waking up in the early morning

Unable to sleep

Wake up early morning and can't go back to sleep

About the Symptom

Trouble falling or staying asleep. It can be caused by many different physical or psychiatric conditions.

When to See a Doctor

Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms

Possible Causes

Generally, Insomnia can be related to:

Related Serious Diseases

Sometimes, Insomnia may be related to these serious diseases:

Doctor's Diagnostic Questions

Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:

Reviewed By:

Charles Carlson, DO, MS

Charles Carlson, DO, MS (Psychiatry)

Dr. Carlson graduated from Touro University in Nevada with a degree in osteopathic medicine. He then trained as a resident in Psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals where he was also a chief resident and completed a fellowship in Public and Community Psychiatry. After training, he started practicing in | Addiction Psychiatry at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs where he also teaches Psychiatry residents.

Yu Shirai, MD

Yu Shirai, MD (Psychiatry)

Dr. Shirai works at the Yotsuya Yui Clinic for mental health treatment for English and Portuguese-speaking patients. He treats a wide range of patients from neurodevelopmental disorders to dementia in children and participates in knowledge sharing through the Diversity Clinic.

Yoshinori Abe, MD

Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)

Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.

From our team of 50+ doctors

Content updated on Feb 6, 2025

Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy

Was this page helpful?

Tell your friends about us.

We would love to help them too.

smily Shiba-inu looking

Just 3 minutes.
Developed by doctors.

Try Free Symptom Quiz

How Ubie Can Help You

With a free 3-min Insomnia quiz, powered by Ubie's AI and doctors, find possible causes of your symptoms.

This questionnaire is customized to your situation and symptoms, including the following personal information:

  • Biological Sex - helps us provide relevant suggestions for male vs. female conditions.

  • Age - adjusts our guidance based on any age-related health factors.

  • History - considers past illnesses, surgeries, family history, and lifestyle choices.

Your symptoms

Input your symptoms

Our AI

Our AI checks your symptoms

Your report

You get your personalized report

Your personal report will tell you

✔  When to see a doctor

✔︎  What causes your symptoms

✔︎  Treatment information etc.

People with similar symptoms also use Ubie's symptom checker to find possible causes

See full list

Find Similar Symptoms

Similar symptoms or complaints

FAQs

Q.

Can Progesterone Cream Fix Insomnia? Benefits and Your Next Steps

A.

Progesterone cream may ease mild perimenopause-related sleep problems for some women, but it is not a reliable fix because absorption and results are inconsistent; prescription oral micronized progesterone has stronger evidence for improving sleep quality and reducing night sweats. There are several factors to consider, including other sleep disruptors, safety risks, and whether hormones are appropriate for you; speak with a clinician about diagnosis and options like oral progesterone, CBT-I, and addressing hot flashes. See below for who benefits most, potential side effects, and step by step guidance to choose your next steps.

References:

* Rye, D. B. (2012). Progesterone and Neuroactive Steroids in Sleep. *Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 8*(4), 469–479. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22899999/

* Schüssler, P., & Kluge, M. (2013). Progesterone and sleep: a review. *Sleep Medicine Reviews, 17*(6), 441–448. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23415714/

* Thomson, F. J., Gannon, K., & Ujeyl, M. (2014). Effect of progesterone on sleep in postmenopausal women with insomnia. *Clinical Interventions in Aging, 9*, 521–527. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24672260/

* Schüssler, P. (2018). Impact of Progesterone on Sleep and Wakefulness: An Overview. *CNS Drugs, 32*(1), 31–41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29270830/

* de Ligt, N., De Rooij, M. W. H., van der Heijden, F. M. M. A., & de Graaf, T. E. (2021). Progesterone-induced changes in sleep in women: a systematic review. *Sleep Medicine, 81*, 408–417. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33812239/

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Early morning awakenings are a specific type of insomnia. Learn how to stop the "4am wake-up" and stay asleep until your alarm goes off.

A.

Early morning awakenings are a specific type of insomnia that are common and often caused by stress, depression, hormonal shifts, evening alcohol, mis-timed sleep, or medical issues like sleep apnea, reflux, pain, or nighttime urination. You can often stop them by setting a later bedtime, keeping a consistent wake time, getting morning light, reducing evening alcohol, avoiding naps while resetting, easing stress before bed, and treating underlying conditions. There are several factors to consider, including red flags that mean you should seek care, so see below for the full step by step plan, timelines, and how to choose next steps in your healthcare journey.

References:

* Trauer JM, Shin H, Pellegrino R, White D, Nichols C, Wilson A, Dewar D, McEvoy RD. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Psychosocial and Behavioral Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022 Feb 1;18(2):495-520. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9734. Epub 2021 Nov 16. PMID: 34784013.

* Riemersma-van der Lek RF, van der Heijden KB, Izik-Keijsers L, Someren EJ, Daanen HA, Gordijn MC. Advanced sleep phase disorder: a review. Sleep Med Rev. 2020 Feb;49:101229. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.10.002. Epub 2019 Oct 30. PMID: 31739059.

* Baglioni C, Nanhoe-Peters M, Spiegelhalder K, Riemann D. Insomnia Disorder: Diagnosis and Management. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2019 Sep;42(3):355-368. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2019.04.001. Epub 2019 May 31. PMID: 31395111.

* Jarrin DC, Hertenstein E, Riemann D, Frase L. Phenotypes of Insomnia: A Systematic Review. Sleep Med Rev. 2018 Apr;38:153-171. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.002. Epub 2017 Jun 16. PMID: 29217277.

* Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DH, Heald JL. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Feb 15;13(2):307-349. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6470. PMID: 28162153.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

How to Overcome Sleep Anxiety and Stop Dreading Bedtime

A.

Sleep anxiety is common and treatable; you can break the worry-sleeplessness cycle with a predictable wind-down, getting out of bed if you cannot sleep, relaxation and breathing exercises, reframing catastrophic thoughts, smart daytime habits like morning light and a steady wake time, and evidence-based CBT-I. There are several factors to consider, including underlying conditions, warning signs that warrant prompt medical care, and habits to avoid, so see the complete guidance below for the step-by-step plan and key details that could shape your next steps in your healthcare journey.

References:

* Krystal AD, Durrence HH, Krishnan V, et al. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): A Review of Treatment Techniques and Recent Advances. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2023 Apr;25(4):119-129. doi: 10.1007/s11920-023-01429-x. PMID: 36906660.

* Kucuk A, Alkan G. The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Perceived Sleep-Related Anxiety and Pre-Sleep Arousal in Adults with Insomnia Disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2021 Jul;28(4):947-957. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2541. PMID: 33458999.

* Ong JC, Ulmer CS, Wetsel NE. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018 Jan 15;14(1):159-173. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6882. PMID: 29317042.

* Irish LA, Kline CE, Gunn HE, Buysse DJ, Nowakowski S. Sleep Hygiene: An Update on the Evidence for a Common Behavioral Intervention for Insomnia. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Aug;22:157-65. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.003. PMID: 25454674.

* Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti CL, et al. Non-Pharmacological Approaches for Insomnia Management. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Oct;23:139-48. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.12.006. PMID: 25680517.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Racing thoughts at bedtime are a major hurdle to rest. Try these 5 science-backed techniques to "power down" your brain for the night.

A.

Five science-backed techniques can help you power down your brain for sleep: do a pre-bed brain dump, try cognitive shuffling with neutral thoughts, use 4-6 breathing, build a 30 to 60 minute wind-down routine, and get out of bed if you are awake about 20 minutes to retrain bed equals sleep. There are several factors to consider, including stress, screens, caffeine, irregular schedules, and possible medical or mental health contributors, plus red flags that need medical attention. See below for step-by-step guidance, daytime habit changes, CBT-I essentials, and when to seek care, since these details could change your next best step.

References:

* Rusch, H. L., Rosario, M., Levison, L. M., Olivera, A., Heller, N., Gottlieb, J., & Larson, R. W. (2019). The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. *Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences*, *1445*(1), 5–16.

* Jansson-Fröjmark, M., & Lindblom, K. (2008). A randomized controlled trial of worry exposure, sleep hygiene and cognitive therapy for insomnia. *Behaviour Research and Therapy*, *46*(12), 1332–1342.

* Ho, R. T. H., Lo, T. T. C., Lee, W. W. T., Tsui, M. S., & Wong, K. C. (2020). Progressive muscle relaxation on sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Journal of psychosomatic research*, *138*, 110255.

* Tsai, P. S., Li, T. M., Hsiung, H. H., & Chien, H. Y. (2015). Diaphragmatic breathing training improves sleep quality, heart rate variability, and reduces fatigue in primary insomnia. *Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine*, *11*(11), 1251–1258.

* Koffel, E., Koffel, R., & Gehrman, P. (2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in patients with comorbid conditions: a narrative review. *Sleep medicine clinics*, *13*(2), 225–233.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Tired But Wired? How to Break the Cycle of Nighttime Alertness

A.

There are several factors to consider, and feeling tired but wired at night is most often driven by evening stress hormones and overstimulation, irregular sleep timing or anxiety, blood sugar swings, and late caffeine or alcohol. You can break the cycle with a consistent wind down, a fixed wake time, less evening light and screens, steady meals without late caffeine or alcohol, morning sunlight, and simple stress resets like worry time, slow breathing, and getting out of bed if you cannot sleep. See below for red flags and when this pattern points to insomnia or medical issues such as thyroid problems, sleep apnea, restless legs, or perimenopause, plus step by step guidance that could influence your next steps in care.

References:

* Riemann, D., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., & Baglioni, C. (2021). Hyperarousal in insomnia: a state-of-the-art review. *Journal of Sleep Research*, *30*(1), e13254.

* Trauer, J. M., Qian, Y., Cunnington, D., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Howard, M., & Bei, B. (2015). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. *Annals of Internal Medicine*, *163*(3), 191–204.

* Kalmbach, D. A., & Anderson, J. R. (2017). Psychological and behavioral factors in the etiology and maintenance of insomnia. *Sleep Medicine Clinics*, *12*(4), 499–513.

* Toh, K. L. (2019). Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: Pathophysiology and Treatment. *Sleep Medicine Clinics*, *14*(4), 373–382.

* Scott, H., & Woods, H. C. (2020). The impact of smartphone use on sleep and mental health: A systematic review. *Journal of Sleep Research*, *29*(1), e12879.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Feeling Groggy? Why Hydroxyzine Side Effects Occur & Medical Next Steps

A.

Feeling groggy after hydroxyzine is common because it blocks brain histamine that maintains wakefulness, so drowsiness, fatigue, and fogginess are expected, especially at higher doses, when starting or increasing, with other sedatives or alcohol, in older adults, or with liver or kidney problems. There are several factors and red flags to consider, including rare heart rhythm issues with palpitations or fainting, confusion, and severe allergy; the right next steps may involve dose or timing adjustments, reviewing interactions, and avoiding alcohol. Do not stop the medication abruptly without medical advice, and see the complete details below to understand which warning signs require urgent care and how to tailor safer alternatives with your clinician.

References:

* Srinivasan, S., et al. "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxyzine: an updated review." *European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology*, vol. 77, no. 11, 2021, pp. 1673-1685. doi:10.1007/s00228-021-03126-7. PMID: 33856550.

* Durán, C. E., et al. "Anticholinergic burden and adverse drug reactions: an overview of the current evidence." *British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology*, vol. 84, no. 6, 2018, pp. 1104-1111. doi:10.1111/bcp.13524. PMID: 29315622.

* Pankratz, C. E., et al. "Hydroxyzine: a review of its role in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia." *Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology*, vol. 18, no. 12, 2022, pp. 917-927. doi:10.1080/17425255.2022.2131908. PMID: 36203131.

* Beach, S. R., et al. "Risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes with commonly used psychotropic medications: a review." *Journal of Clinical Psychiatry*, vol. 78, no. 8, 2017, pp. e1078-e1088. doi:10.4088/JCP.16r11317. PMID: 28910014.

* Salahudeen, M. S., et al. "Anticholinergic burden: clinical significance and implications for patient care." *British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology*, vol. 88, no. 4, 2022, pp. 1475-1488. doi:10.1111/bcp.15082. PMID: 34505193.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

What is Insomnia? Why Your Brain Stays Awake & Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with persistent trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting refreshing sleep that impairs daytime function, often because the brain stays alert due to hyperarousal from stress, circadian misalignment, conditioned wakefulness, or related medical and mental health conditions. Medically approved next steps include a consistent sleep routine, CBT-I as first line for chronic cases, short-term medications only when appropriate, and evaluation for issues like pain, anxiety, or sleep apnea. There are several factors to consider, so see the complete guidance below to choose the safest and most effective next steps for you.

References:

* Riemann D, Spiegelhalder K, Nissen C, van der Vekens N, Kyle SD, Espie CA. Pathophysiology of chronic insomnia: a modern perspective. Sleep Med Rev. 2020 Aug;52:101311. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101311. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32247167.

* Franzen PL, Buysse DJ. The Neurobiology of Insomnia: An Update. Psychosom Med. 2021 Jan;83(1):3-15. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000922. PMID: 33306560.

* Buysse DJ. Insomnia: a review of the state of the science. Sleep Med Rev. 2019 Feb;43:20-33. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 May 12. PMID: 30257863; PMCID: PMC6312489.

* Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DH, Doghramji K. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Feb 15;13(2):307-349. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6470. PMID: 28162020; PMCID: PMC5337596.

* Krystal AD, Sateia MJ, Doghramji K, Fredericks E, Gannon T, Gilliam JC, Kaplan-Solms K, Miller AB, Neubauer DH, Swanson LM, Watson NF. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) in Adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Jan 1;17(1):163-176. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8988. PMID: 33346146; PMCID: PMC7833055.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Still Awake? Why Doxylamine Works & Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Doxylamine helps you fall asleep by blocking brain histamine that keeps you awake, works best for short-term insomnia, and can cause morning grogginess, dry mouth, and other anticholinergic effects, so it is not recommended for long-term nightly use. There are several factors to consider; see below for details that may change which next steps are right for you. Avoid it with alcohol, other sedatives, and in conditions like glaucoma, urinary retention, or sleep apnea, and use extra caution if older; if sleep trouble lasts beyond two weeks or you have snoring, mood changes, or daytime impairment, speak with a clinician. Medically approved next steps include CBT-I, consistent sleep habits, checking for underlying causes, and carefully selected prescriptions when needed; see below for specifics.

References:

* Schifano F, Chiappini S, Corkery JM, Guirguis A. H1-antihistamines and sleep: what is the evidence? CNS Drugs. 2012 Apr 1;26(4):307-20. doi: 10.2165/11634510-000000000-00000. PMID: 22448881.

* Perlis ML, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Psychologic and Behavioral Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016 Feb 15;12(2):227-309. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.5623. PMID: 26903641; PMCID: PMC4763351.

* Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DN, Heald JL. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Feb 15;13(2):307-349. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6470. Epub 2017 Jan 31. PMID: 28162159; PMCID: PMC5263080.

* Gupta S, Gupta M. Insomnia disorder: a comprehensive review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023 Apr 05;19:753-768. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S407481. PMID: 37042078; PMCID: PMC10077874.

* Mihaila A, Budur K. Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for insomnia. CNS Drugs. 2022 Mar;36(3):213-228. doi: 10.1007/s40263-022-00898-x. Epub 2022 Feb 21. PMID: 35188046.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Can’t Sleep at Night? Why Your Brain Stays Wired & Medical Next Steps

A.

There are several factors to consider: a wired brain at night is usually from stress and hyperarousal, poor sleep habits, anxiety or depression, medical issues like sleep apnea or thyroid problems, and stimulating medicines, alcohol, or caffeine. Next steps include a fixed wake time, a calming wind-down, limiting screens, caffeine and alcohol, the 20-minute rule, and thought management, with CBT-I and medical evaluation if symptoms persist or red flags appear; see below for specific red flags, when medications help or harm, and other details that can shape your care.

References:

* Buysse DJ, Germain A, Moul DE, Nofzinger EA, Price JC, Begley AE, Hall M, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. The Neurobiology of Insomnia: From Circuits to Symptoms. J Sleep Res. 2022 Feb;31(1):e13364. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13364. Epub 2021 Jun 17. PMID: 34145719; PMCID: PMC8753234.

* Riemann D, Nissen C, Palagini L, Otte A, Spiegelhalder K, Baglioni C. Neurobiology of Insomnia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2017;33:23-41. doi: 10.1007/7858_2016_8. PMID: 27156059.

* Perlis ML, Gehrman P, Espie CA, Posner D, Turner R, Riemann D. Hyperarousal in Insomnia: A Scientific and Clinical Review. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Jun;21:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.001. Epub 2014 Aug 19. PMID: 25200632.

* Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AB, Neubauer DL, Heald JL. Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Apr 15;13(4):487-512. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6470. PMID: 28391754; PMCID: PMC5381813.

* Trauer JM, Shin J, Nowakowski S, Krystal AD, Martin JL. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): A Review of its Use and Dissemination. Sleep Med Rev. 2018 Feb;37:20-34. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.02.001. Epub 2017 Feb 9. PMID: 28410729.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Still Awake? Why Doxylamine Succinate Fails & Medical Next Steps

A.

Doxylamine succinate often fails because it only makes you sleepy rather than treating root causes, so stress or anxiety, circadian disruption, sleep apnea, restless legs, depression, wrong dosing, and tolerance can keep you awake, and some people even get paradoxical alertness with anticholinergic risks from long-term use. Next steps include CBT-I and better sleep habits, medical screening for causes such as sleep apnea, thyroid disease, depression, or RLS, and discussing targeted options with a clinician like low-dose doxepin, melatonin for timing issues, or orexin receptor antagonists while avoiding alcohol, dose increases, and stacking sedating meds. There are several factors to consider, and urgent red flags plus step-by-step guidance are outlined below.

References:

* Becker L, Mokhlesi B, St. Louis EK, Teo SY, O'Connell M, Krystal AD. Efficacy and Safety of Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids: A Systematic Review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023 Dec 1;19(12):2125-2144. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.10985. PMID: 37380965; PMCID: PMC10850024.

* Verster JC. First-generation H1-antihistamines: new evidence for their misuse as hypnotics. J Sleep Res. 2021 Apr;30(2):e13192. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13192. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PMID: 32686259.

* Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DH, Heald JL. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Feb 15;13(2):307-349. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6470. PMID: 28162040; PMCID: PMC5263093.

* Ong JC, Smith CE, Buysse DJ. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): An Overview for Psychiatrists. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2019 Spring;17(2):162-169. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20180027. PMID: 31057416; PMCID: PMC6497723.

* Baglioni C, Nissen L, Spiegelhalder K. Current Perspective of Insomnia: From Definition to Management. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 1;36(6):448-454. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000889. PMID: 37722741.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Can’t Fall Asleep? Why Your Brain Is Wired & Medically Approved Next Steps

A.

Difficulty falling asleep is often a survival-based brain response, where weak sleep drive, a misaligned body clock, stress, light and screen exposure, caffeine or alcohol, and underlying conditions keep you tired but wired. Medically supported next steps include consistent wake times, smart light and caffeine timing, getting out of bed if awake, a wind down with calming breathing, and CBT-I, with doctor evaluation for red flags like loud snoring, severe daytime sleepiness, mood symptoms, or persistent insomnia; there are several factors to consider, and the complete guidance with details that may change your next steps is below.

References:

* Buysse DJ. The neurobiology of insomnia. Lancet. 2017 Mar 11;389(10071):789-799. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31512-7. Epub 2017 Jan 20. PMID: 28118942.

* Patel D, Gérant C, Ayas NT. Insomnia: Causes, Consequences, and Clinical Management. Am J Med. 2018 Jan;131(1):12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.07.039. Epub 2017 Aug 22. PMID: 28838936.

* Krystal AD, Berger GD, DeBlanc RJ. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): Current Perspectives. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Oct 4;165(7):494-504. doi: 10.7326/M16-0925. Epub 2016 Aug 2. PMID: 27480520.

* Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DN, Doghramji K. Pharmacological treatment of chronic insomnia: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Feb 15;13(2):307-349. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6470. Epub 2017 Feb 15. PMID: 28162040; PMCID: PMC5263080.

* Krystal AD. Insomnia: An Overview. Semin Neurol. 2022 Feb;42(1):4-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1740608. Epub 2022 Feb 16. PMID: 35172352.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

CBT-I for Insomnia: A Woman’s 40+ Guide to Sleep & Next Steps

A.

CBT-I is the gold-standard, medication-free first-line treatment for chronic insomnia in women over 40, proven to reset sleep-wake rhythms, reduce nighttime awakenings, and deliver longer-lasting results than sleeping pills. There are several factors to consider, including menopause-related symptoms, potential medical causes that warrant evaluation, and step-by-step actions like symptom checks, sleep tracking, and choosing a therapist or digital program; see the complete guidance below to understand key details that can shape your next healthcare decisions.

References:

* Sweetman, A., Lavoie, M., & Vallance, J. (2022). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Midlife Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. *Journal of Midlife Health*, *13*(3), 223–236.

* Bower, J. E., Gheres, A., & Lee, J. (2021). Randomized Controlled Trial of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Midlife Women with Insomnia and Vasomotor Symptoms. *Menopause (New York, N.Y.)*, *28*(8), 868–876.

* McGregor, M., & Hunter, M. S. (2019). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review. *Maturitas*, *127*, 18–24.

* Pien, G. W., Song, Y., Stanchina, M., & Shea, J. A. (2019). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. *Journal of Women's Health (2002)*, *28*(4), 483–491.

* Shibata, M., & Nakashima, A. (2022). CBT-I as the First-Line Treatment for Chronic Insomnia: Consensus Statement for Clinicians. *International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health*, *19*(18), 11624.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Late-Period Insomnia in Your 40s: Medical Relief & Next Steps

A.

Late-period insomnia in your 40s is common, usually tied to shifting estrogen and progesterone in perimenopause, and is treatable with options like consistent sleep routines, CBT-I, cautious short-term medications or melatonin, and in some cases hormonal birth control, progesterone, or low-dose HRT. There are several factors to consider that could change your next steps, including red flags for thyroid issues, sleep apnea, severe mood changes, or urgent symptoms; see the complete guidance below for a stepwise plan to track patterns, reduce stress, and decide when to see a doctor and which treatments best fit your history.

References:

* Perimenopausal insomnia: aetiology and management. Climacteric. 2019 Aug;22(4):386-391. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1633633. Epub 2019 Jul 23. PMID: 31338048.

* Pharmacological Treatments for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety. JAMA. 2021 Jul 6;326(1):49-60. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.7585. PMID: 34193563.

* Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019 May 15;15(5):655-672. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7932. PMID: 31060012; PMCID: PMC6510801.

* Insomnia in Midlife Women: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018 Feb 15;14(2):299-307. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6974. PMID: 29329712; PMCID: PMC5810775.

* Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Clinical Practice. Sleep Med Clin. 2018 Dec;13(4):445-452. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2018.07.006. Epub 2018 Sep 21. PMID: 30559092.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Sleep Onset vs. Sleep Maintenance Insomnia: 40+ Women’s Relief & Steps

A.

Sleep onset vs sleep maintenance insomnia in women over 40 differs by when sleep breaks down: trouble falling asleep at bedtime versus waking in the night or too early, commonly tied to perimenopausal hormones, stress, alcohol or caffeine, and conditions like sleep apnea or restless legs. Relief focuses on targeted steps such as a consistent schedule, a wind down routine, limiting stimulants and alcohol, managing night sweats, using the 15 to 20 minute rule, and CBT-I as first line, with select use of melatonin, hormone therapy, or other meds when appropriate; see below for how to tell your type, red flags that need medical care, and step-by-step plans that could change your next care decisions.

References:

* Luong, L., et al. (2020). Insomnia in Midlife Women: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Management. *Neurosci Bull, 36*(2), 162–177.

* Hachul, D. T., et al. (2023). Sleep Disorders in Menopause: An Updated Review. *J Clin Med, 12*(3), 968.

* Kalmbach, D. A., & Pillai, V. (2022). Non-pharmacological approaches to managing sleep disturbances in midlife women. *Maturitas, 155*, 25–30.

* Siebern, A. T., et al. (2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. *Menopause, 25*(7), 793–801.

* Santoro, N., et al. (2019). Sleep disturbances in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. *Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 59*, 81–89.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Vitamin D and Sleep Cycles: Why Women 40-50 Can’t Sleep & Next Steps

A.

Vitamin D and sleep cycles are closely linked in women 40 to 50; fluctuating estrogen and progesterone plus low vitamin D can disrupt melatonin and serotonin, causing night wakings, hot flashes, mood changes, and nonrestorative sleep. Next steps include a 25-hydroxyvitamin D blood test, safe sunlight and diet strategies, medically guided supplementation, and holistic sleep habits. Dosing ranges, target levels, safety cautions, and when to seek care for persistent insomnia or signs of thyroid disease, sleep apnea, or depression are explained below.

References:

* Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Al-Okail MS, Al-Saleh Y, Sabico S, Ansari MG, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and its association with sleep disorders in perimenopausal women. Endocr Pract. 2018 Oct;24(10):911-916. doi: 10.4158/EP-2018-0193. PMID: 30124317.

* Sadeghpour T, Ghoreishi Z, Hajiesmaeili M, Ahangari N. Impact of Vitamin D on Sleep Quality in Menopausal Women: A Scoping Review. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1442:151-163. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-48767-1_10. PMID: 38257088.

* Liu Y, Chen F, Zhang J, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang W. Relationship between vitamin D and sleep in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 20;14:1210217. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210217. PMID: 37373809.

* Li X, Liu T, Li Y, Yang S, Yang X, Li Y, et al. Association between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Front Nutr. 2022 May 25;9:857476. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857476. PMID: 35703953.

* Zayeri F, Vafa M, Najafi M, Janani L, Farsad Naeimi M. Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023 Jul 21;23(1):164. doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01369-0. PMID: 37474775.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Insomnia in Women 30-45: Why It Happens & Your Action Plan

A.

Insomnia in women 30 to 45 is common and treatable, most often driven by a mix of hormonal shifts including early perimenopause, high stress and mental load, lifestyle patterns, and medical issues such as thyroid problems, iron deficiency, GERD, chronic pain, or sleep apnea. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more. Your action plan includes steady sleep routines, morning light, limiting late caffeine and alcohol, calming a racing mind, managing daytime stress, reviewing hormones, ruling out medical causes, and considering CBT-I, with clear signs for when to see a doctor and a symptom check link outlined below.

References:

* Kalra RC, Benca DL. Sleep in midlife women: effects of hormonal changes. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2018 Nov;31(6):525-532. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000445. PMID: 30204646.

* Lichtenstein P, Morin CL. Prevalence and risk factors for insomnia in women. Sleep Med. 2019 Jun;58:45-53. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.003. PMID: 30979872.

* Drake CR, Manber KL, Krystal LA. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in women: a focused review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020 Feb 15;16(2):291-301. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8130. PMID: 31999208.

* Hormes JM, Lytle LA, Ruetsch C, Roth S, Neumark-Sztainer D. Insomnia in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: risk factors and treatment strategies. Psychosom Med. 2014 Mar;76(3):179-88. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000049. PMID: 24569850.

* Mong JA, Cusmano DM. Sex differences in sleep: impact of biological sex and sex hormones. Physiol Rev. 2022 Jul 1;102(3):1449-1503. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2021. PMID: 35137688.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Pilates for Women 30-45: Relieve Chronic Symptoms & Your Next Steps

A.

Pilates is a research-backed, low impact option that can reduce chronic back and neck pain, improve pelvic floor function and core strength after pregnancy, ease joint stiffness, lower stress, and support better sleep for women ages 30 to 45 when practiced consistently. There are several factors to consider. See below for red flags that need a doctor’s care, how to start safely with foundational moves, realistic timelines for results, and how to pair Pilates with strength, cardio, and sleep tools so you can choose the right next steps.

References:

* Ryckman, B., et al. (2020). The effect of Pilates on chronic non-specific low back pain in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies*, 24(1), 108-118.

* Bertozzi, L., et al. (2018). Pilates for pelvic pain in women: A systematic review. *Journal of Pain Research*, 11, 2877–2886.

* Cruz-Montecinos, C., et al. (2021). Effectiveness of Pilates for managing musculoskeletal pain in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Musculoskeletal Science and Practice*, 55, 102432.

* Villarrubia, M., et al. (2023). Effectiveness of Pilates on pain, physical function, and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. *Disability and Rehabilitation*, 45(15), 2419-2429.

* Fourie, A., & Gildenhuys, G. (2023). The effects of Pilates on physical function and quality of life in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Physical Therapy in Sport*, 61, 95-107.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Propranolol for Women 30-45: Symptom Guide & Vital Next Steps

A.

Propranolol can help women 30 to 45 manage high blood pressure, prevent migraines, and reduce physical anxiety symptoms, and it is also used for certain heart rhythm problems and hyperthyroid symptoms. There are several factors to consider. Key next steps, side effects to watch, who should be cautious, pregnancy and breastfeeding advice, drug interactions, how to monitor your heart rate and blood pressure, and when to seek urgent care are covered in full below.

References:

* Kujawa, A., et al. Propranolol use in women of childbearing potential: A narrative review of risks and benefits. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023.

* Steenen, S. A., et al. Propranolol in the treatment of anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol. 2020.

* Loder, E., et al. Pharmacological treatment of migraine in women. Headache. 2018.

* Messerli, F. H., et al. Antihypertensive treatment in women: a review. J Hypertens. 2018.

* Farzam, K., et al. Beta-Blockers. StatPearls. 2024.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

7 Natural Insomnia Tips for Women 65+: Sleep Better Tonight

A.

Seven natural, doctor-approved insomnia tips for women 65+ can help you sleep better tonight: keep a consistent schedule, get morning light, keep naps short and early, create a calming wind-down, be smart with caffeine, alcohol, and meals, make the bedroom cool, dark, and quiet, and review health conditions and medications that may disrupt sleep. There are several factors to consider, including when symptoms signal something serious and why some sleep aids carry risks; see below to understand more and to find the complete guidance that can shape your next steps, from using a symptom check to knowing when to speak to a doctor.

References:

* Koffel E, Khaylis A, Blount J, et al. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2020 Jan;88(1):64-73. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000455. PMID: 31774351.

* Kovacevic A, Mavros Y, Heisz JN, et al. The effect of exercise on sleep quality in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2019 Feb;43:120-137. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.10.007. Epub 2018 Nov 1. PMID: 30449615.

* Gong S, Li W, Yu K, et al. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Insomnia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022 Jul;37(7):10.1002/gps.5739. doi: 10.1002/gps.5739. Epub 2022 Jun 1. PMID: 35640321.

* Chen YY, Peng CH, Huang YJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2023 Dec;72:101861. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101861. Epub 2023 Oct 9. PMID: 37852157.

* Härter M, Klesse C, Bermejo I, et al. Nonpharmacological interventions for insomnia in older adults: a systematic review. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2013 Dec;46(8):666-74. doi: 10.1007/s00391-013-0546-5. PMID: 24202396.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

Insomnia in Women 65+: 5 Tips to Reclaim Your Sleep Naturally

A.

There are several factors to consider, and insomnia in women 65+ is common but often reversible with natural, evidence-based steps. See below to understand more. Core tips include a consistent sleep schedule, morning light and regular daytime movement, reviewing medications, supplements and alcohol with your clinician, calming the mind with techniques like CBT-I, and looking for underlying issues such as sleep apnea or pain, plus when to seek medical care and why sleep pills carry extra risks, with complete details and next-step guidance below.

References:

* Lane, J., et al. (2023). Non-pharmacological management of insomnia in older adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. *Sleep*, 46(12), zsad199. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad199.

* Chen, X., et al. (2020). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. *The Gerontologist*, 60(3), e181-e192. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz167.

* Youngstedt, S. D., et al. (2023). Physical Activity for the Treatment of Chronic Insomnia: A Narrative Review. *Current Sports Medicine Reports*, 22(8), 284-290. DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000001077.

* Rusch, H. L., et al. (2019). Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. *Mindfulness*, 10(9), 1673-1692. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01112-2.

* Van der Lely, S., et al. (2022). Light therapy for sleep problems in adults aged ≥55 years with and without dementia: A systematic review. *Sleep Medicine Reviews*, 62, 101594. DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101594.

See more on Doctor's Note

Q.

What Causes Insomnia? 7 Reasons Women Over 65 Can't Sleep

A.

Insomnia in women over 65 is usually caused by a mix of age-related sleep changes, postmenopausal hormonal shifts, chronic medical conditions and pain, medication side effects, anxiety or depression, sleep disorders such as sleep apnea or restless legs, and lifestyle or environmental factors. There are several factors to consider. See below for important details on warning signs, personalized next steps, and when to speak with a doctor, since these specifics can affect the best plan for your health.

References:

* Patel, M., Kripke, D. F., & Dautovich, N. D. (2021). Sleep disorders in older women: a review. *AIMS Public Health*, *8*(3), 543–558.

* Toffol, E., & Kalleinen, N. (2019). Sleep in the Menopause. *Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology*, *56*, 73–82.

* Lee, J. Y., Han, S. H., Park, Y. G., Kim, J., Kang, K., & Kim, C. (2021). Prevalence of insomnia and its association with comorbidities in older women: a cross-sectional study. *Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine*, *17*(8), 1629–1637.

* Wang, P., Ma, X., & Liu, J. (2020). Medication use and sleep disturbances in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. *Sleep Medicine Reviews*, *53*, 101331.

* Toffol, E. (2020). Mental health and sleep in older women. *Maturitas*, *133*, 1–4.

See more on Doctor's Note

Ubie is supervised by 50+ medical experts worldwide

Our symptom checker AI is continuously refined with input from experienced physicians, empowering them to make more accurate diagnoses.

Maxwell J. Nanes, DO

Maxwell J. Nanes, DO

Emergency Medicine

Waukesha Memorial Hospital, Waukesha Wisconsin, USA

Caroline M. Doan, DO

Caroline M. Doan, DO

Internal Medicine

Signify Health

Benjamin Kummer, MD

Benjamin Kummer, MD

Neurology, Clinical Informatics

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Charles Carlson, DO, MS

Charles Carlson, DO, MS

Psychiatry

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Dale Mueller, MD

Dale Mueller, MD

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Associates

Ravi P. Chokshi, MD

Ravi P. Chokshi, MD

Obstetrics and gynecology

Penn State Health

Ubie is recognized by healthcare and tech leaders

Newsweek 2024

“World’s Best Digital
Health Companies”

Newsweek 2024

Google Play Best of 2023

“Best With AI”

Google Play Best of 2023

Digital Health Awards 2023

“Best in Class”

Digital Health Awards 2023 (Quarterfinalist)

Which is the best Symptom Checker?

Which is the best Symptom Checker?

Ubie’s symptom checker demonstrated a Top-10 hit accuracy of 71.6%, surpassing the performance of several leading symptom checkers in the market, which averaged around 60% accuracy in similar assessments.

Link to full study:

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1

References