Endocrinology

Making healthy lifestyle choices and, when needed, testosterone replacement therapy are strategies that may help improve low motivation when it is linked to low testosterone.

Some medications, including anti-androgens, certain cardiovascular and psychiatric drugs, and even rare cases with medications like methylphenidate, can lead to enlarged breasts in men by disrupting the balance between testosterone and estrogen. Lower levels or blocked effects of testosterone can allow estrogen to stimulate breast tissue growth.

Hot flashes often happen at night because our body’s temperature control becomes more sensitive during sleep, and they can be managed with lifestyle adjustments and sometimes medications.

Testicles can shrink naturally with age and may also get smaller with hormonal treatments like TRT because the body reduces its own testosterone production.

When a man uses testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), the extra testosterone sends a signal to the brain that reduces the natural hormone signals, so the testicles shrink because they produce less testosterone. This side effect can be managed by adjusting the therapy or adding treatments like hCG to help keep the testicles active.

Menopause-related brain fog often begins during perimenopause, typically when women are in their mid-40s to early 50s.

Menopause can lead to brain fog because changes in hormones, especially estrogen, affect brain functions like memory and clear thinking. Other factors like sleep issues and mood swings during menopause may also add to feeling mentally cloudy.

Diabetes and gout are common diseases that can lead to pain in the soles of the feet.