Foamy Urine
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Foamy urine
Bubbles in urine
Foamy pee
Foam in urine
Bubbly urine
Bubbles in pee
Bubbles in the urine
Urine looks foamy
Foaming urine
Frothy urine
Bubbles in urine not foamy
About the Symptom
Foam is a substance made by trapping air or gas bubbles inside a liquid, and foamy urine occurs when this process happens during urination. A thin layer of air bubbles forms on top of the urine while urinating. Most causes of foamy urine are normal, such as having a full bladder or being dehydrated. However, persistent foamy urine may be due to excessive protein in your urine, which could indicate more serious issues like kidney problems.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Eyelid edema
- Constipation
- Lower leg edema
- Gross hematuria
- Difficulty breathing / breathlessness
- Unexplained weight loss of 5% or more in 1 month
- Recent weight loss
- Respiratory wheeze
- Facial edema
- Edema
Possible Causes
Generally, Foamy urine can be related to:
- Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition where the blood vessels in your kidneys get damaged and leak protein. Common causes include autoimmune (the body's immune system attacking itself) and diabetic kidney disease. It causes swelling in your body, usually in the feet and ankles.
- Amyloidosis
A disease in which "amyloid," an abnormal type of protein, accumulates in various organs, causing damage. Affected areas can include the heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. The causes are diverse.
- Diabetes Mellitus
A disease where blood sugar levels are abnormally high due to issues with insulin production or resistance. Often, there are no symptoms until the condition worsens, so regular screening is important. Over time, high sugar levels can cause many complications affecting the nervous system, heart, eyes and kidneys.
- Hereditary Nephritis (Alport Syndrome)
- Hypothyroidism
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Foamy urine may be related to these serious diseases:
- Acute Glomerulonephritis
A type of kidney inflammation that causes an abnormal loss of blood or protein in the urine. It can be caused by infection (bacterial or viral) or other illnesses like lupus, Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's disease, and polyarteritis nodosa.
- Chronic Kidney Disease
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Is your urine foamy?
- When did you first notice foamy urine?
- How often have you experienced foamy urine?
Reviewed By:
Jason Chandrapal, MD (Urology)
Dr Chandrapal received his MD degree from Texas Tech Health Science Center School of Medicine. After graduation he did a research fellowship with the University of Utah Division of Urology, followed by 4 years of urology residency at Duke University. In 2020 he began a 2 year tenure as an Interprofessional Advanced Clinical Simulation Fellow at the Durham VA in Durham, NC where he created and implemented clinical simulations with an emphasis on emotional intelligence. Additionally he has experience with medical writing and consultation for Buoy Health.
Nao Saito, MD (Urology)
After graduating from Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Dr. Saito worked at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Toda Chuo General Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, and Ako Chuo Hospital before becoming Deputy Director (current position) at Takasaki Tower Clinic Department of Ophthalmology and Urology in April 2020.
Content updated on Jan 31, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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FAQs
Q.
Are bubbles in urine a common sign during pregnancy?
A.
Bubbles in urine during pregnancy can be a sign of protein in the urine, which is not always normal and should be checked by a healthcare provider.
References:
Osathanondh V, & Chinsomboon S. (1990). Urinary excretion of placental male sex-linked protein .... Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2351923.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2351923/
Bellinghieri G, Savica V, & Santoro D. (2008). Renal alterations during exercise. Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 18089464.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18089464/
Ambia AM, Seasely AR, Macias DA, Nelson DB, Wells CE, McIntire DD, & Cunningham FG. (2020). The impact of baseline proteinuria in pregnant women with .... American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM, 33345986.
Q.
How can I tell if the amount of bubbles in my urine is normal?
A.
Bubbles in urine can be normal, but if they are persistent or accompanied by other symptoms, it might indicate a kidney issue.
References:
Graber M, Lane B, Lamia R, & Pastoriza-Munoz E. (1991). Bubble cells: renal tubular cells in the urinary sediment .... Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1883970.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1883970/
Bellinghieri G, Savica V, & Santoro D. (2008). Renal alterations during exercise. Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 18089464.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18089464/
Jasim RK, Hassan Z, Singh D, Boyer E, & Gam LH. (2022). Characterization of urinary protein profile in regular kratom .... Journal of addictive diseases, 34747343.
Q.
How common is foamy urine and what might it indicate?
A.
Foamy urine can be common and might indicate a problem with the kidneys, but it is not always a sign of disease.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Khitan ZJ, & Glassock RJ. (2019). Foamy Urine: Is This a Sign of Kidney Disease?. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 31575619.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575619/
Moeini R, Gorji N, & Kolangi F. (2017). Relationship between Foamy Urine and Renal Failure. Nephron, 28319950.
Q.
Is there a connection between diabetes and foamy urine?
A.
Foamy urine can be a sign of protein in the urine, which might be linked to diabetes. It's important to pay attention to foamy urine and talk to a doctor if you notice it often.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Friedman AN, Hunsicker LG, Selhub J, Bostom AG, & Collaborative Study Group. (2002). Proteinuria as a predictor of total plasma homocysteine .... Diabetes care, 12401753.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12401753/
Li ZY, Liu B, Zhuang XJ, Shen YD, Tian HR, Ji Y, et al. (2018). [Effects of berberine on the serum cystatin C levels and .... Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 30541217.
Q.
Is there such a thing as normal foamy urine and how is it defined?
A.
Foamy urine can sometimes be normal, but it can also indicate a health problem. If you notice persistent foamy urine, it's important to talk to a doctor.
References:
Song F, Liu C, Zhang J, & Hu Z. (2020). Renal cell carcinoma with nephrotic syndrome. Translational andrology and urology, 32676431.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32676431/
Leiva M, Navarro G, Carpio JD, & Ardiles L. (2024). Case report: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a .... Frontiers in nephrology, 38379641.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38379641/
Bae EH, Choi JM, Ki CS, Ma SK, Yoo HW, & Kim SW. (2021). A late-onset male Fabry disease patient with somatic .... Annals of palliative medicine, 33040545.
Q.
What are the differences between causes of foamy urine and bubbly urine?
A.
Foamy urine is often caused by protein in the urine, while bubbly urine can be due to rapid urination or harmless reasons like air in the toilet water.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Bellinghieri G, Savica V, & Santoro D. (2008). Renal alterations during exercise. Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 18089464.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18089464/
Ponticelli C, & Graziani G. (2012). Proteinuria after kidney transplantation. Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 22616794.
Q.
What are the potential health implications of foaming urine?
A.
Foamy urine can be a sign of kidney problems, like nephrotic syndrome or renal failure, and should be checked by a doctor.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Dantas M, Barros Silva GE, & Moysés-Neto M. (2013). Foamy urine in nephrotic syndrome. Clinical kidney journal, 26064498.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26064498/
Moeini R, Gorji N, & Kolangi F. (2017). Relationship between Foamy Urine and Renal Failure. Nephron, 28319950.
Q.
What are the underlying conditions that cause foamy urine?
A.
Foamy urine can be caused by protein in the urine, which might indicate kidney problems or other health issues.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Khitan ZJ, & Glassock RJ. (2019). Foamy Urine: Is This a Sign of Kidney Disease?. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 31575619.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575619/
Albright R, Brensilver J, & Cortell S. (1983). Proteinuria in congestive heart failure. American journal of nephrology, 6638086.
Q.
What could be the causes of bubbles in urine, and should I be concerned?
A.
Bubbles in urine can be caused by several things, including how fast you urinate or the presence of proteins. It's usually not a concern, but if it happens a lot, it might be good to check with a doctor.
References:
Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby LM, Carter TB, & Radcliff L. (2000). Surface tension, proteinuria, and the urine bubbles of .... Lancet (London, England), 10752713.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10752713/
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Iorio L, & Lamagna M. (2014). [Foam in urine: from Hippocrates to the Medical School of .... Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia, 24777927.
Q.
What could cause bubbles in urine without it being foamy?
A.
Bubbles in urine can occur due to various reasons, including certain medications and protein in the urine, without it being foamy.
References:
Iorio L, & Lamagna M. (2014). [Foam in urine: from Hippocrates to the Medical School of .... Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia, 24777927.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24777927/
Wetzels JF, Gerlag PG, Sluiter HE, Hoitsma AJ, & Koene RA. (1986). Prednisone-induced fluctuations of proteinuria in patients .... Nephron, 3796774.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3796774/
Mitić-Zlatković M, & Stefanović V. (1999). Acute effects of acetaminophen on renal function and .... Renal failure, 10516997.
Q.
What could white foam in urine indicate about my health?
A.
White foam in urine can sometimes be linked to kidney issues, but it is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper assessment.
References:
Yoshikawa N, White RH, & Cameron AH. (1982). Familial hematuria; clinico-pathological correlations. Clinical nephrology, 7042145.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7042145/
White RH, Raafat F, Milford DV, Komianou F, & Moghal NE. (2005). The Alport nephropathy: clinicopathological correlations. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 15856312.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15856312/
Pueschel SM, O'Shea PA, Alroy J, Ambler MW, Dangond F, Daniel PF, & Kolodny EH. (1988). Infantile sialic acid storage disease associated with renal .... Pediatric neurology, 3072006.
Q.
What does foam in urine mean in terms of protein levels?
A.
Foam in urine can sometimes indicate high protein levels, which might suggest kidney issues.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Shamsi M, Haghverdi F, & Changizi Ashtiyani S. (2014). A brief review of Rhazes, Avicenna, and Jorjani's views on .... Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 25001133.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25001133/
White RH, Raafat F, Milford DV, Komianou F, & Moghal NE. (2005). The Alport nephropathy: clinicopathological correlations. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 15856312.
Q.
What does foamy urine look like and how can it be identified?
A.
Foamy urine looks bubbly and frothy, similar to soap suds, and can be a sign of kidney problems if it happens often.
References:
Iorio L, & Lamagna M. (2014). [Foam in urine: from Hippocrates to the Medical School of .... Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia, 24777927.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24777927/
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Khitan ZJ, & Glassock RJ. (2019). Foamy Urine: Is This a Sign of Kidney Disease?. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 31575619.
Q.
What does it mean if your pee is bubbly and should it be monitored?
A.
Bubbly urine can sometimes be a sign of protein in the urine, which may need monitoring. It's a good idea to keep an eye on it and talk to a doctor if it continues.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Sam R, Shaykh MS, Pegoraro AA, Khalili V, Hristea I, Singh AK, et al. (2003). The significance of trace proteinuria. American journal of nephrology, 14583662.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14583662/
Mohtashamian A, Mozaffari-Rad N, Soleimani A, Akbari H, Arabi V, & Sharifi N. (2024). Dietary Magnesium Intake and Proteinuria: Is There a .... Biological trace element research, 38110607.
Q.
What does it mean when bubbles are consistently present in urine?
A.
Bubbles in urine can sometimes mean there is a problem with the kidneys, but not always. It's important to see a doctor if this happens a lot.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Shamsi M, Haghverdi F, & Changizi Ashtiyani S. (2014). A brief review of Rhazes, Avicenna, and Jorjani's views on .... Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 25001133.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25001133/
McCabe JB, Mc-Ginn Merritt W, Olsson D, Wright V, & Camporesi EM. (2004). Emphysematous cystitis: rapid resolution of symptoms with .... Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 15568415.
Q.
What does the presence of foam in urine suggest about kidney health?
A.
Foam in urine might mean there's protein in the urine, which can be a sign of kidney problems. However, not all foam is bad, so it's important to get checked by a doctor.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Khitan ZJ, & Glassock RJ. (2019). Foamy Urine: Is This a Sign of Kidney Disease?. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 31575619.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575619/
Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby LM, Carter TB, & Radcliff L. (2000). Surface tension, proteinuria, and the urine bubbles of .... Lancet (London, England), 10752713.
Q.
What is frothy urine and how is it different from normal urine?
A.
Frothy urine is urine that looks bubbly or foamy and can be different from normal urine, which is usually clear and not bubbly. This can sometimes mean there is a problem, like too much protein in the urine.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Iorio L, & Lamagna M. (2014). [Foam in urine: from Hippocrates to the Medical School of .... Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia, 24777927.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24777927/
Bohra GK, Meena DS, Bajpai N, & Purohit A. (2018). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a patient with .... BMJ case reports, 29728434.
Q.
What might cause foam in urine specifically in females?
A.
Foamy urine in females can be a sign of kidney issues, such as those caused by hypertension or certain diseases.
References:
Liu T, Wang W, Liu Z, Pei G, Wang C, Jiang Y, & Pang C. (2024). A previously healthy 3-year-old female with hypertension, .... Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 38165475.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38165475/
Leiva M, Navarro G, Carpio JD, & Ardiles L. (2024). Case report: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a .... Frontiers in nephrology, 38379641.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38379641/
Park DH, Lee SA, Jeong HJ, Yoo TH, Kang SW, & Oh HJ. (2015). Rifampicin-induced minimal change disease is improved .... Yonsei medical journal, 25684013.
Q.
What specific conditions might cause foamy urine in men?
A.
Foamy urine in men can be caused by conditions like proteinuria, which can fluctuate with medications like prednisone, or be affected by drugs like acetaminophen and minoxidil.
References:
Wetzels JF, Gerlag PG, Sluiter HE, Hoitsma AJ, & Koene RA. (1986). Prednisone-induced fluctuations of proteinuria in patients .... Nephron, 3796774.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3796774/
Mitić-Zlatković M, & Stefanović V. (1999). Acute effects of acetaminophen on renal function and .... Renal failure, 10516997.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10516997/
Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby LM, Radcliff L, & Carter TB. (2006). Does the hyperfiltration of minoxidil result in increased .... Kidney & blood pressure research, 16645303.
Q.
When should bubbly urine be evaluated by a healthcare professional?
A.
Bubbly urine should be checked by a healthcare professional if it happens often, gets worse, or is linked to other symptoms like swelling or fatigue.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Khitan ZJ, & Glassock RJ. (2019). Foamy Urine: Is This a Sign of Kidney Disease?. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 31575619.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575619/
Moeini R, Gorji N, & Kolangi F. (2017). Relationship between Foamy Urine and Renal Failure. Nephron, 28319950.
Q.
Why might a female experience bubbles in her pee and should it be investigated?
A.
Bubbles in urine can be caused by gas-forming infections in the urinary tract or conditions like emphysematous cystitis, and it should be investigated to rule out serious health issues.
References:
Yang WH, & Shen NC. (1990). Gas-forming infection of the urinary tract: an investigation .... The Journal of urology, 2184258.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2184258/
Yokokawa R, Tsuka H, & Muranaka K. (2014). [Emphysematous cystitis with air bubbles in the vena cava]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology, 24605583.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24605583/
Sheele JM, Baddorf S, & Kihara JH. (2016). Schistosoma haematobium infection is associated with .... Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, 27882738.
Q.
Why might my urine appear foamy and when should I seek medical advice?
A.
Foamy urine can be caused by protein in the urine, which might happen after exercise or due to certain medications. If you notice persistent foamy urine, it's important to talk to a doctor.
References:
Bellinghieri G, Savica V, & Santoro D. (2008). Renal alterations during exercise. Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 18089464.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18089464/
Wetzels JF, Gerlag PG, Sluiter HE, Hoitsma AJ, & Koene RA. (1986). Prednisone-induced fluctuations of proteinuria in patients .... Nephron, 3796774.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3796774/
Mitić-Zlatković M, & Stefanović V. (1999). Acute effects of acetaminophen on renal function and .... Renal failure, 10516997.
Q.
Why might my urine be both foamy and bubbly and what should I do?
A.
Foamy or bubbly urine can be caused by protein in the urine, which may fluctuate due to medications like prednisone, or by other factors. It's important to consult a healthcare provider if you notice persistent changes.
References:
Wetzels JF, Gerlag PG, Sluiter HE, Hoitsma AJ, & Koene RA. (1986). Prednisone-induced fluctuations of proteinuria in patients .... Nephron, 3796774.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3796774/
Mitić-Zlatković M, & Stefanović V. (1999). Acute effects of acetaminophen on renal function and .... Renal failure, 10516997.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10516997/
Lambers MJ, Dogan E, Lens JW, Schats R, & Hompes PG. (2007). The position of transferred air bubbles after embryo .... Fertility and sterility, 17433316.
Q.
Why might someone experience frothy urine and how is it diagnosed?
A.
Frothy urine can be caused by the presence of proteins, which might indicate a kidney problem. Diagnosis often involves urine tests to check for protein levels.
References:
Kang KK, Choi JR, Song JY, Han SW, Park SH, Yoo WS, et al. (2012). Clinical significance of subjective foamy urine. Chonnam medical journal, 23323222.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23323222/
Dantas M, Barros Silva GE, & Moysés-Neto M. (2013). Foamy urine in nephrotic syndrome. Clinical kidney journal, 26064498.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26064498/
Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby LM, Carter TB, & Radcliff L. (2000). Surface tension, proteinuria, and the urine bubbles of .... Lancet (London, England), 10752713.
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