Diabetes Mellitus Quiz
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Unexplained weight loss
Frequent urination
Blurred vision
Extreme fatigue
Foamy urine
Blurry vision in one eye
Peeing a lot
Frequent urination at night
Excessive thirst
Malaise
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
A disease where blood sugar levels are abnormally high due to issues with insulin production or resistance. Often, there are no symptoms until the condition worsens, so regular screening is important. Over time, high sugar levels can cause many complications affecting the nervous system, heart, eyes and kidneys.
Typical Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
- I have been told my breathing stops for brief periods while sleeping
- Taking steroids
- Double vision
- Difficulty concentrating
- Dry mouth
- Whole body pain
- Blood in stool
- Nausea or vomiting after eating
Diagnostic Questions for Diabetes Mellitus
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Have you been told that your breathing stops briefly during sleep?
- Are you currently taking steroids?
- Are you experiencing double vision?
- Do you have difficulty concentrating?
- Are you experiencing a dry mouth?
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Treatment starts with lifestyle changes such as exercise and a balanced diet with whole grain food. The doctor may prescribe pills and insulin injections to control blood sugar levels. Regular appointments and foot/eye screening are important to detect potential problems from diabetes.
Reviewed By:
Unnati Patel, MD, MSc (Family Medicine)
Dr.Patel serves as Center Medical Director and a Primary Care Physician at Oak Street Health in Arizona. She graduated from the Zhejiang University School of Medicine prior to working in clinical research focused on preventive medicine at the University of Illinois and the University of Nevada. Dr. Patel earned her MSc in Global Health from Georgetown University, during which she worked with the WHO in Sierra Leone and Save the Children in Washington, D.C. She went on to complete her Family Medicine residency in Chicago at Norwegian American Hospital before completing a fellowship in Leadership in Value-based Care in conjunction with the Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management, where she earned her MBA. Dr. Patel’s interests include health tech and teaching medical students and she currently serves as Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Arizona School of Medicine.
Hidetaka Hamasaki, MD (Endocrinology)
Dr. Hamasaki graduated from the Hiroshima University School of Medicine and the Graduate School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University. He completed his residency at the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital and the Department of Internal Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine. He has served in the National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital and Kohnodai Hospital and joined Hamasaki Clinic in April 2017. Dr. Hamasaki specializes in diabetes and treats a wide range of internal medicine and endocrine disorders.
Content updated on Oct 18, 2024
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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This questionnaire is customized to your situation and symptoms, including the following personal information:
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Age - adjusts our guidance based on any age-related health factors.
History - considers past illnesses, surgeries, family history, and lifestyle choices.
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People with similar symptoms also use Ubie's symptom checker to find possible causes
- Restless sleep
- Sleep apnea
- Sleep problems
- My eyes hurt when i move them
- Breathing stops during sleep
- Can't focus
- Stops breathing suddenly while sleeping
- Double vision in one eye
- Easily distracted
- My vision is not clear
- I can not concentrate on my work
- Double vision when looking with one eye closed
- Unable to sit for a long time
- See everything double
- My brain is not functioning
See full list
Symptoms Related to Diabetes Mellitus
Diseases Related to Diabetes Mellitus
FAQs
Q.
Jardiance Side Effects? Why Your Body Is Reacting & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Jardiance, which helps your kidneys excrete sugar, commonly causes increased urination, UTIs and genital yeast infections, and dehydration with dizziness, and rarely can trigger diabetic ketoacidosis, Fournier’s gangrene, or kidney problems. Medically approved next steps include tracking symptoms, staying well hydrated, good genital hygiene, not stopping the drug without your doctor, and urgent care for severe pain, vomiting, breathing trouble, or fainting; there are several factors to consider, so see the complete guidance below to understand when to call your clinician and what adjustments might be needed.
References:
* Scheen AJ. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus with Empagliflozin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017 Mar;56(3):213-228. doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0447-3. PMID: 27572767.
* Weir MR, Bakris GL, Bushinsky DA, et al. Effects of Empagliflozin on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Uric Acid, and Electrolytes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Ther. 2016 May;38(5):1017-28. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.03.018. PMID: 27083074.
* Peters AL, Buschur EO, Buse JB, et al. Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Potential Complication of Treatment With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors. Diabetes Care. 2015 Oct;38(10):1687-93. doi:10.2337/dc15-0843. PMID: 26404740.
* Li D, Wang T, Cui Y, et al. The Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022 Feb;47(1):64-80. doi:10.1111/jcpt.13527. Epub 2021 Nov 2. PMID: 34729792.
* Kanamori A, Miyauchi H, Hamaguchi Y, et al. Adverse Events of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Recommended Medical Care in Real-World Clinical Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 22;19(23):15494. doi:10.3390/ijerph192315494. PMID: 36497793; PMCID: PMC9740173.
Q.
Is Dapagliflozin Safe? Why Your Body Is Reacting & Medical Next Steps
A.
Dapagliflozin is generally safe and proven to help type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and kidney disease, but it commonly causes increased urination, thirst, and genital yeast infections and can rarely trigger serious issues like ketoacidosis, severe dehydration, kidney problems, or a dangerous genital infection. There are several factors to consider for your next steps, such as staying hydrated, monitoring sugars, and calling your clinician urgently for severe or persistent symptoms while not stopping the drug on your own; see below for complete guidance, red flags, and who needs extra caution.
References:
* Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MS, et al. Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 24;380(4):347-357. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812389. Epub 2018 Nov 10. PMID: 30415602.
* Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 22;383(15):1436-1446. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2024884. Epub 2020 Sep 24. PMID: 32970396.
* McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 21;381(21):1995-2008. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911303. Epub 2019 Sep 1. PMID: 31479280.
* Nauck MA, Berhanu P, Bloomgarden ZT, et al. Dapagliflozin and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 Jul;24(7):1380-1390. doi: 10.1111/dom.14713. Epub 2022 May 25. PMID: 35501861.
* Alabdan NA, Alshehri AM, Alharbi MS, et al. Safety Profile of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus. 2023 Mar 1;15(3):e35626. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35626. PMID: 37007138; PMCID: PMC10065091.
Q.
Pioglitazone Risks? Why Your Body Reacts & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity to lower blood sugar. Key risks include fluid retention that can worsen heart failure, weight gain, higher fracture risk, rare liver injury, a small possible link to bladder cancer, and low blood sugar when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more, including who should avoid it, red flag symptoms, and medically approved next steps like not stopping abruptly, monitoring weight and swelling, and reviewing alternatives with your clinician.
References:
* Gupta, V., Goyal, M., & Singh, J. (2020). Pioglitazone: An updated overview of its benefits and risks. *Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research*, *14*(10), IE01–IE05.
* Li, T., Sun, Z., Ma, M., & Hou, Y. (2022). Pioglitazone and Cardiovascular Risk: A Focus on Heart Failure. *Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy*, *36*(6), 1187–1195.
* Liao, H. W., Saver, C. L., Lin, T. C., Wu, M. Y., Huang, T. P., Tu, K. Y., & Lee, M. H. (2018). Pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. *International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health*, *15*(7), 1500.
* Loke, Y. K., Singh, S., & Gadhvi, M. (2015). Pioglitazone and bone fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. *Drug Safety*, *38*(3), 297–305.
* Sharma, M., & Gupta, A. K. (2020). Pioglitazone: a review of its current role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. *Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy*, *13*, 1667–1680.
Q.
Worried by Empagliflozin? The Science & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Empagliflozin is well studied and widely recommended for type 2 diabetes, some heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, with proven heart and kidney protection and modest improvements in A1C, weight, and blood pressure. Rare but serious risks like euglycemic ketoacidosis, dehydration or low blood pressure, and severe genital infections mean you should follow medically approved steps such as staying hydrated, smart monitoring, knowing sick-day pauses, and when to seek urgent care, all outlined below. There are several factors to consider; see details below to understand more.
References:
* Butler, J., Fonarow, G. C., Zannad, F., Filippatos, G., Pitt, B., Anker, S. D., ... & American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease; and Council on Hypertension. (2022). Empagliflozin in heart failure, kidney disease and diabetes: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. *Circulation*, *146*(9), e157-e179.
* Kohli, R., Majumder, S., Tuncel, M., Sunkara, B., Nimmagadda, N., Tella, S., ... & Madan, R. (2016). Safety and tolerability of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive review of clinical trials. *Current Medical Research and Opinion*, *32*(6), 1109-1117.
* Syed, Y. Y. (2015). Empagliflozin: a review of its use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. *Drugs*, *75*(17), 2059-2073.
* The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group. (2022). Empagliflozin for treatment of chronic kidney disease in patients with and without diabetes. *New England Journal of Medicine*, *388*(2), 117-127.
* Zheng, X., & Kloner, R. A. (2023). A Clinical Perspective of SGLT2 Inhibitors for Renal and Cardiovascular Disease. *Clinical Cardiology*, *46*(6), 724-733.
Q.
Always Thirsty? Why Diabetes Starves Your Cells & Medically-Approved Next Steps
A.
Constant thirst can signal diabetes, where high blood sugar causes heavy urination and dehydration while too little or ineffective insulin leaves your cells starved of fuel, often alongside fatigue, hunger, and blurry vision. There are several factors to consider, so get tested promptly and speak with a clinician about treatment and urgent warning signs, and see the complete guidance below for the specific tests to request, what to do next, and other causes to rule out.
References:
* Vella A, et al. Polyuria and Polydipsia in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020 Jul 1;7(7):001712. PMID: 32675685.
* Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Cellular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev. 2018 Apr 1;98(2):787-829. PMID: 29559400.
* Galicia-Garcia U, et al. Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 14;21(16):5798. PMID: 32800584.
* Al-Siyabi T, et al. Hyperglycemia and Its Impact on Various Organ Systems: A Comprehensive Review. J Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Dec 1;13(6):314-325. PMID: 37920194.
* American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(Suppl 1):S15-S40. PMID: 38048100.
Q.
Feeling "Heavy"? Why Your Kidneys "Hoard" Sugar & Farxiga’s Medically Proven Next Steps
A.
Your kidneys can sometimes hoard sugar by reabsorbing it through SGLT2, keeping blood sugar high and contributing to a heavy, bloated, low-energy feeling; Farxiga (dapagliflozin) blocks SGLT2 so excess glucose is excreted in urine, lowering A1C and offering proven heart and kidney protection with modest weight and blood pressure benefits. There are several factors to consider, including who should or should not use it and potential risks like genital infections, dehydration, or rare ketoacidosis; see below for clinically supported details and next steps that could impact your treatment decisions.
References:
* Cherney DZI, et al. The kidney in type 2 diabetes: a critical target for glucose control and cardiovascular and renal protection with SGLT2 inhibitors. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017 Mar 29;16(1):47.
* Singh S, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: an updated review on clinical evidence and future directions. World J Diabetes. 2023 Feb 15;14(2):166-180.
* Dhillon S, et al. Dapagliflozin: A Review of its Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease. Drugs. 2021 May;81(7):843-858.
* Heerspink HJL, et al.; DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 24;383(15):1436-1446.
* McMurray JJV, et al.; DAPA-HF Trial Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 21;381(21):1995-2008.
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https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Banday MZ, Sameer AS, Nissar S. Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna J Med. 2020 Oct 13;10(4):174-188. doi: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20. PMID: 33437689; PMCID: PMC7791288.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33437689/#:~:text=Diabetes%20mellitus%20is%20a%20chronic,or%20insulin%20action%20or%20both.Sapra A, Bhandari P. Diabetes. 2023 Jun 21. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 31855345.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31855345/Diabetes - Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444