Infertility
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Can't have children
Difficulty conceiving children
Having a hard time getting pregnant
Trouble getting pregnant
Male infertility
Signs of infertility
Ovulation disorders
Irregular periods
Pelvic pain
About the Symptom
Infertility is generally defined as not being able to get pregnant after one year (or longer) of unprotected vaginal sexual intercourse.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Recent weight loss
- Altered mental status (delirium)
- Fine tremor of the fingers
- Abnormal menstruation
- Menstrual abnormality (duration or volume)
- Edema
- Headache
Possible Causes
Generally, Infertility can be related to:
- Male Infertility
Male infertility occurs when a man cannot start a pregnancy with a female partner. This can be due to low sperm production, absent sperm, poor sperm function, or blockage in the sperm delivery pathway. There are a wide variety of causes of male infertility.
- Uterine Hypoplasia
Uterine hypoplasia, also known as a hypoplastic uterus, occurs when a girl is born with an abnormally small uterus. Symptoms may include failure to start having periods at puberty (primary amenorrhea), abdominal pain, a small or no vaginal opening, or infertility.
- Asherman Syndrome
This is a rare condition that can occur after uterine procedures and is diagnosed by findings bands of scar tissue (adhesions) in the uterine lining. While a dilation and curettage procedure is the most common reason patients can develop Asherman Syndrome, most patients can safely undergo such procedures without any complications. It can also occur from some genital infections such as Tuberculosis, and other less common conditions.
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- Luteal Insufficiency
- Hyperthyroidism
- Varicocele
- Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Cesarean Scar Syndrome
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Are you struggling to conceive?
- How long have you been unable to get pregnant?
Reviewed By:
Ravi P. Chokshi, MD (Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN), Critical Care)
Current Maternal Fetal Medicine Fellow with Dual board certification in Obstetrics & Gynecology and Critical Care Medicine. | 5+ years experience managing a general Ob/Gyn practice and working in the Intensive Care Unit. | Previously Physician Lead of a large single specialty practice with 8 Physicians and 10+ Advanced practitioners. | Member of the Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine Patient education committee. | Frequent Medscape Consult contributor.
Seiji Kanazawa, MD, PHD (Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN))
Dr. Kanazawa graduated from the Niigata University Faculty of Medicine and received his Ph.D. from the Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine. He is working on the front line of the General Perinatal Center, including the Tokyo Tama General Medical Center and the National Center for Research in Fertility Medicine, where he provides maternal and fetal care and undertakes clinical research. At Ubie, Dr. Kanazawa has been designing the Ubie AI Symptom Checker and has taken on the role of general obstetrics and gynecology consultation at FMC Tokyo Clinic by providing fetal ultrasound and prenatal consultation.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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History - considers past illnesses, surgeries, family history, and lifestyle choices.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Gnoth C, Godehardt E, Frank-Herrmann P, Friol K, Tigges J, Freundl G. Definition and prevalence of subfertility and infertility. Hum Reprod. 2005 May;20(5):1144-7. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deh870. Epub 2005 Mar 31. PMID: 15802321.
https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/20/5/1144/2356853Starc A, Trampuš M, Pavan Jukić D, Rotim C, Jukić T, Polona Mivšek A. INFERTILITY AND SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. Acta Clin Croat. 2019 Sep;58(3):508-515. doi: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.03.15. PMID: 31969764; PMCID: PMC6971809.
https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/334746Cunningham J. Infertility: A primer for primary care providers. JAAPA. 2017 Sep;30(9):19-25. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000522130.01619.b7. PMID: 28787288.
https://journals.lww.com/jaapa/Fulltext/2017/09000/Infertility__A_primer_for_primary_care_providers.4.aspxInfertility Workup for the Women's Health Specialist: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 781. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jun;133(6):e377-e384. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003271. PMID: 31135764.
https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2019/06000/Infertility_Workup_for_the_Women_s_Health.47.aspxMatzuk MM, Lamb DJ. The biology of infertility: research advances and clinical challenges. Nat Med. 2008 Nov;14(11):1197-213. doi: 10.1038/nm.f.1895. Epub 2008 Nov 6. PMID: 18989307; PMCID: PMC3786590.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.f.1895ACOG Patient FAQ - evaluating infertility
https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/evaluating-infertilityACOG Patient FAQ - treating infertility
https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/treating-infertilityInfertility Workup for the Women’s Health Specialist
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/06/infertility-workup-for-the-womens-health-specialist