Lump in Abdomen
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Lump in lower abdomen
The lower right belly is swollen
The lower left belly is swollen
Lumps around navel
Upper abdomen protruding
Navel is protruding
Lump in stomach when lying down
Hard lump under belly button
There is a lump in the lower abdomen
Multiple lumps on the stomach
Lump in epigastric region
Hard lump in stomach
About the Symptom
Abdominal lump is a swelling or bulge that emerges from any area of the abdomen. It may be soft or firm, depending on the underlying cause.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Lump or swelling in stomach
Possible Causes
Generally, Lump in abdomen can be related to:
Congenital Biliary Dilatation
Congenital biliary dilatation refers to abnormal widening of the bile ducts present at birth, impacting bile flow.
- Imperforate Hymen
The hymen is a thin membrane that mostly covers the vaginal opening. Normally a small hole is present to allow for menstruation. In patients with imperforate hymen, the hymen entirely covers the opening, which prevents menstrual blood from leaving the body during periods. This condition is typically diagnosed when a female girl enters puberty (menarche) and has symptoms of cyclical (monthly) abdominal pain and a lack of menstruation.
- Inguinal Hernia
An inguinal hernia is a condition where a bulge appears in your groin region, in the area between your lower abdomen and your thigh, through a weakening of muscles in your lower abdomen. This bulge is commonly a protrusion of your tissue or abdominal organs such as your intestines. If not treated, inguinal hernias can result in an obstruction of your digestive system.
- Uterine Cancer
- Liver Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Uterine Fibroids
- Colon Cancer
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Lump in abdomen may be related to these serious diseases:
- Intussusception
A condition where a segment of the intestines "telescopes" into another. This can cause the intestine walls to die, so prompt medical attention is needed. It is associated with certain genetic conditions and growths, but often no clear cause is found.
- Intestinal Malrotation
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Do you have a lump in your abdomen?
- When did you first notice the lump in your abdomen?
- How is the lump in your abdomen now?
Reviewed By:
Samantha Nazareth, MD (Gastroenterology)
Board-certified gastroenterologist. Experience managing gastrointestinal conditions (GERD, IBS, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, celiac disease, NASH) within healthcare organizations (three ambulatory surgical centers, single-specialty practice, multi-specialty practice and solo practice).
Aiko Yoshioka, MD (Gastroenterology)
Dr. Yoshioka graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine. He worked as a gastroenterologist at Saiseikai Niigata Hospital and Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital before serving as the Deputy Chief of Gastroenterology at Tsubame Rosai Hospital and Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital. Dr. Yoshioka joined Saitama Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital as Chief of Gastroenterology in April 2018.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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- The area around the navel protruding
- There is something in my stomach
- There is a lump around the navel
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FAQs
Q.
Why Do I Feel a Lump in My Stomach When I Am Lying Down?
A.
A lump you feel in your stomach when lying down might be due to a hernia, like a Spigelian hernia, or a benign growth such as a lipoma that becomes more noticeable when you change position.
References:
Kumar A, Garg PK, Dahiya D, Chaurasia A. Unusual disappearing abdominal bump: spigelian hernia. Maedica (Bucur). 2013 Sep;8(3):269-71. PMID: 24371497; PMCID: PMC3869117.
Updated 2022 Dec 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482343/
Bhandari RS, Shrestha M, Shrestha GK, Mishra PR, Singh KP. Abdominal lump: a diagnostic dilemma. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2009 Jan-Mar;48(173):75-7. PMID: 19529065.
Q.
How Can a Lump in the Abdomen Be Related to Stomach Cancer?
A.
A lump in the abdomen may be related to stomach cancer if the cancer has grown large enough or spread to nearby tissues such as lymph nodes or the abdominal wall.
References:
Updated 2024 Oct 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459142/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459142/
Bowles MJ, Benjamin IS. ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Cancer of the stomach and pancreas. BMJ. 2001 Dec 15;323(7326):1413-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1413. PMID: 11744568; PMCID: PMC1121865.
Virmani V, Khandelwal A, Sethi V, Fraser-Hill M, Fasih N, Kielar A. Neoplastic stomach lesions and their mimickers: spectrum of imaging manifestations. Cancer Imaging. 2012 Aug 10;12(1):269-78. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0031. PMID: 22935192; PMCID: PMC3458788.
Q.
What Are Common Causes of a Lump in the Lower Abdomen for Females?
A.
A lump in the lower abdomen for females is commonly due to ovarian cysts, developmental issues like hematocolpos from an imperforate hymen, or other benign cysts, though rare causes like pancreatic lymphangioma can occur.
References:
Makris GM, Macchiella D, Vaidakis D, Chrelias C, Battista MJ, Siristatidis C. Abdominal tumor in a 14-year-old adolescent: imperforate hymen, resulting in hematocolpos-a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2015;2015:429740. doi: 10.1155/2015/429740. Epub 2015 Feb 8. PMID: 25737786; PMCID: PMC4337051.
Updated 2022 Apr 21]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539572/
Goel A, Garg PK. Abdominal Cyst in a 39-year-old Woman. Oman Med J. 2019 Mar;34(2):172-173. doi: 10.5001/omj.2019.32. PMID: 30918614; PMCID: PMC6425051.
Ray R, Baruah TD, Mahobia HS, Borkar A. Pancreatic Lymphangioma: An Unusual Cause of Abdominal Lump. Cureus. 2021 Nov 10;13(11):e19452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19452. PMID: 34926026; PMCID: PMC8654082.
Q.
Why Would a Female Have a Hard Lump under Her Belly Button?
A.
A hard lump under the belly button in a female may be due to an umbilical hernia, an epidermal inclusion cyst, umbilical endometriosis, or, in rare cases, a metastatic deposit (Sister Mary Joseph nodule).
References:
Updated 2024 Feb 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459312/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459312/
Das A. Umbilical Lesions: A Cluster of Known Unknowns and Unknown Unknowns. Cureus. 2019 Aug 2;11(8):e5309. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5309. PMID: 31592364; PMCID: PMC6773451.
Rossari S, Grazzini M, Savarese I, Longo AS, Oranges T, Gori A, Massi D, de Giorgi LG. A particularly bothersome umbilical nodule. Indian J Dermatol. 2013 Jul;58(4):330. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.114004. PMID: 23919044; PMCID: PMC3726921.
Q.
What Could Cause a Lump on the Left Side of My Stomach under the Ribs?
A.
A lump on the left side of your stomach under the ribs could come from a small hole in the muscles from coughing (a hernia), or from a growth in the rib area like a tumor, or from a distended stomach.
References:
Connery A, Mutvalli E. Cough-induced abdominal intercostal hernia. JRSM Short Rep. 2010 Aug 31;1(3):23. doi: 10.1258/shorts.2010.010029. PMID: 21103115; PMCID: PMC2984347.
Yang E, Li T, Katz A. A giant cell tumor of the bone in the rib cage left to proliferate unfettered for seven years to an extensive size. Respir Med Case Rep. 2021 May 1;33:101419. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101419. PMID: 34401267; PMCID: PMC8348908.
Park HW, Do JH, Park TY, Oh HC, Park JM, Hong SA, Park HJ. Rib and pericardium invaded huge abdominal mass in young woman: A case report with literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 2;101(35):e30371. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030371. PMID: 36107577; PMCID: PMC9439818.
Q.
Can a Lump in the Abdomen Be an Indication of Colon Cancer?
A.
A lump in the abdomen can sometimes be associated with colon cancer, especially if it’s an advanced case, but many abdominal lumps are caused by benign conditions as well.
References:
Duan B, Zhao Y, Bai J, et al. Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. In: Morgado-Diaz JA, editor. Gastrointestinal Cancers [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications; 2022 Sep 30. Chapter 1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK586003/doi: 10.36255/exon-publications-gastrointestinal-cancers-colorectal-cancer
Munghate A, Kumar A, Singh H, Singh G, Singh B, Chauhan M. Carcinoma transverse colon masquerading as carcinoma gall bladder. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2014 Apr;5(2):E40-2. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.009. PMID: 24772345; PMCID: PMC3999631.
Elshami M, Ayyad M, Alser M, Al-Slaibi I, Ahmed Naji S, Mohamad BM, Sudki Isleem W, Shurrab A, Yaghi B, Qabaja YA, Hmdan FK, Fuad Dwikat M, Raed Sweity R, Jneed RT, Assaf KA, Albandak ME, Madhat Hmaid M, Awwad II, Khalil Alhabil B, Alarda MN, Saleh Alsattari A, Aboyousef MS, Aljbour OA, AlSharif R, Teddy Giacaman C, Alnaga AY, Nemer RMA, Almadhoun NM, Mahmoud Skaik S, Abu-El-Noor N, Bottcher B. Awareness of colorectal cancer signs and symptoms: a national cross-sectional study from Palestine. BMC Public Health. 2022 Apr 30;22(1):866. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13285-8. Erratum in: BMC Public Health. 2023 Sep 18;23(1):1810. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16709-1. PMID: 35501803; PMCID: PMC9063349.
Q.
What Are the Most Common Causes of a Lump in the Abdomen?
A.
Lumps in the abdomen are most commonly caused by benign issues such as lipomas, hernias, and cysts, though sometimes they may also be due to less common conditions like lymphangioma.
References:
Ashtakar A, Shenoy A, Agnihotri M, Kothari K. Lumps and Bumps on the Abdominal Wall: Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2024;40(2):117-121. doi: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.12926. PMID: 38265098; PMCID: PMC11131566.
Updated 2023 Jul 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459328/
Ray R, Baruah TD, Mahobia HS, Borkar A. Pancreatic Lymphangioma: An Unusual Cause of Abdominal Lump. Cureus. 2021 Nov 10;13(11):e19452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19452. PMID: 34926026; PMCID: PMC8654082.
Q.
Why Do I Have Multiple Lumps in My Stomach Fat?
A.
Multiple lumps in your stomach fat are often due to lipomas, which are benign, non-cancerous growths of fat tissue. These are usually harmless, though any changes in size or discomfort should be evaluated by a doctor.
References:
Updated 2022 Dec 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482343/
Ballard DH, Mazaheri P, Oppenheimer DC, Lubner MG, Menias CO, Pickhardt PJ, Middleton WD, Mellnick VM. Imaging of Abdominal Wall Masses, Masslike Lesions, and Diffuse Processes. Radiographics. 2020 May-Jun;40(3):684-706. doi: 10.1148/rg.2020190170. Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32330085; PMCID: PMC7263290.
Sullivan IW, Hota P, Dass C. Gastric lipomas: a case series and review of a rare tumor. BJR Case Rep. 2019 Jan 16;5(2):20180109. doi: 10.1259/bjrcr.20180109. PMID: 31501708; PMCID: PMC6726183.
Q.
What Does It Mean If I Have a Hard Lump in My Stomach/abdomen?
A.
A hard lump in your stomach/abdomen could be a sign of a growth like a benign tumor, a cyst, or other changes in this area. It is important to have it checked by a doctor to find out exactly what it is.
References:
Goh PMY, Lenzi JE. Benign tumors of the duodenum and stomach. In: Holzheimer RG, Mannick JA, editors. Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented. Munich: Zuckschwerdt; 2001. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6948/
Falidas E, Mathioulakis S, Vlachos K, Pavlakis E, Anyfantakis G, Villias C. Traumatic mesenteric cyst after blunt abdominal trauma. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2011;2(6):159-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2011.03.006. Epub 2011 May 19. PMID: 22096714; PMCID: PMC3199619.
Bhambare MR, Pandya JS, Waghmare SB, Shetty TS. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour presenting as palpable abdominal mass: A rare entity. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Jun 27;7(6):98-101. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i6.98. PMID: 26131332; PMCID: PMC4478562.
Aldohuky W, Mohammed AA. Fibrous tumor of the stomach causing abdominal pain and melena: Case report with review of literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2019;65:97-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.10.045. Epub 2019 Oct 31. PMID: 31704666; PMCID: PMC6920201.
Q.
What Could Cause a Lump in the Upper Abdomen Below the Sternum?
A.
A lump below the sternum can be caused by superficial soft-tissue lesions such as a lipoma or cyst, or even infections like tuberculosis affecting the xiphisternal area.. It's important to have any new lump evaluated by a doctor.
References:
Catalano O, Varelli C, Sbordone C, Corvino A, De Rosa D, Vallone G, Wortsman X. A bump: what to do next? Ultrasound imaging of superficial soft-tissue palpable lesions. J Ultrasound. 2020 Sep;23(3):287-300. doi: 10.1007/s40477-019-00415-z. Epub 2019 Nov 30. PMID: 31786796; PMCID: PMC7441113.
Grover SB, Arora S, Kumar A, Grover H, Katyan A, Nair DM. "Caught by the Eye of Sound" - Epigastric Swelling due to Xiphisternal Tuberculosis. Pol J Radiol. 2017 Jan 27;82:41-45. doi: 10.12659/PJR.899329. PMID: 28217237; PMCID: PMC5292989.
Abid W, Hentati A, Ben Halima G, Rebai M, Lasmar A, Gouiaa N, Frikha I. A diagnostic pitfall of a sternal mass. Clin Case Rep. 2021 Jul 21;9(7):e04418. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.4418. PMID: 34306682; PMCID: PMC8294146.
Q.
What Could a Lump in the Stomach During Pregnancy Indicate?
A.
A lump in the stomach during pregnancy can sometimes be a benign growth like a fibrous “desmoid tumor” in the mother's abdominal wall or a cyst, but it could also be a sign of a fetal tumor or another condition that needs careful monitoring.
References:
Leon MG, Moussa HN, Movahedian M, Viteri OA, Longo M, Sibai BM. A Rapidly Growing Abdominal Mass: Desmoid Tumor in Pregnancy. AJP Rep. 2015 Apr;5(1):e14-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1396028. Epub 2014 Dec 15. PMID: 26199790; PMCID: PMC4502627.
Cho JY, Lee YH. Fetal tumors: prenatal ultrasonographic findings and clinical characteristics. Ultrasonography. 2014 Oct;33(4):240-51. doi: 10.14366/usg.14019. Epub 2014 Jun 20. PMID: 25116458; PMCID: PMC4176115.
Stemmer SM, Gomes C, Cardonick EH. A Case of Painful Growing Abdominal Wall Mass during Pregnancy Requiring Resection in the Second Trimester. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Jan 8;2024:5881260. doi: 10.1155/2024/5881260. PMID: 38229587; PMCID: PMC10789513.
Erculiani M, Trovalusci E, Zanatta C, De Lorenzis MS, Filippi E, Bracalente G, Midrio P. First trimester lower abdominal cysts as early predictor of anorectal malformations. J Ultrasound. 2023 Jun;26(2):543-548. doi: 10.1007/s40477-022-00744-6. Epub 2022 Dec 23. PMID: 36562956; PMCID: PMC10247645.
Q.
Is It Normal to Have a Lump in the Stomach While Pregnant?
A.
It can be normal to notice a lump in your stomach during pregnancy, but any new lump should be checked by your doctor to make sure it’s harmless.
References:
Stemmer SM, Gomes C, Cardonick EH. A Case of Painful Growing Abdominal Wall Mass during Pregnancy Requiring Resection in the Second Trimester. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Jan 8;2024:5881260. doi: 10.1155/2024/5881260. PMID: 38229587; PMCID: PMC10789513.
Rodrigues A, Whitten CG. Abdominal wall mass in a pregnant woman. Invest Radiol. 1993 Mar;28(3):260-2. doi: 10.1097/00004424-199303000-00017. PMID: 8486494.
Garcia-Aguilar P, Maiz N, Rodó C, Garcia-Manau P, Arévalo S, Molino JA, Guillen G, Carreras E. Fetal abdominal cysts: Predicting adverse outcomes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2023 Jul;102(7):883-890. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14584. Epub 2023 May 16. PMID: 37194337; PMCID: PMC10333663.
Q.
What Could Cause the Navel to Protrude?
A.
The navel can protrude due to an umbilical hernia, fluid buildup in the abdomen (such as from liver issues), or weakening of the abdominal muscles and structure.
References:
Coste AH, Bamarni S, Leslie SW. Umbilical Hernia. [Updated 2024 Feb 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459312/
Granese J, Valaulikar G, Khan M, Hardy H 3rd. Ruptured umbilical hernia in a case of alcoholic cirrhosis with massive ascites. Am Surg. 2002 Aug;68(8):733-4. PMID: 12206611.
Shikino K, Miyahara M, Noda K, Ohira Y, Ikusaka M. Unilateral lower abdominal wall protrusion and umbilical deviation. Clin Case Rep. 2016 Feb 29;4(4):451-2. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.524. PMID: 27099750; PMCID: PMC4831406.
Q.
Why Is My Left Lower Abdomen Swollen?
A.
Swelling in the left lower abdomen can be caused by conditions like diverticular disease or diverticulitis, gas or bloating from digestive issues, constipation, or other changes in the abdominal tissues.
References:
Updated 2021 Dec 28]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507004/
Childs AH. Swelling of the abdomen and legs. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2000 Jan;13(1):87-8. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2000.11927647. PMID: 16389330; PMCID: PMC1312218.
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, Vazquez-Roque M. Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;19(2):219-231.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.056. Epub 2020 Apr 1. PMID: 32246999.
Q.
What Could Cause Swelling on the Left Side of My Stomach?
A.
Swelling on the left side of the stomach can have several causes, such as a collection of blood from an injury (a hematoma), bloating from digestive issues, or even constipation.
References:
Childs AH. Swelling of the abdomen and legs. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2000 Jan;13(1):87-8. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2000.11927647. PMID: 16389330; PMCID: PMC1312218.
Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519551/
Iovino P, Bucci C, Tremolaterra F, Santonicola A, Chiarioni G. Bloating and functional gastro-intestinal disorders: where are we and where are we going? World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 21;20(39):14407-19. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14407. PMID: 25339827; PMCID: PMC4202369.
Q.
Is It Normal for the Upper Abdomen to Protrude After a Tummy Tuck?
A.
Some swelling and irregular shapes are common right after a tummy tuck, but a noticeable upper abdominal protrusion lasting long after surgery is worth checking with your doctor.
References:
Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431058/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431058/
Vidal P, Berner JE, Will PA. Managing Complications in Abdominoplasty: A Literature Review. Arch Plast Surg. 2017 Sep;44(5):457-468. doi: 10.5999/aps.2017.44.5.457. Epub 2017 Sep 15. PMID: 28946731; PMCID: PMC5621815.
van Ramshorst GH, Kleinrensink GJ, Hermans JJ, Terkivatan T, Lange JF. Abdominal wall paresis as a complication of laparoscopic surgery. Hernia. 2009 Oct;13(5):539-43. doi: 10.1007/s10029-009-0473-6. Epub 2009 Feb 12. PMID: 19212701; PMCID: PMC2759019.
Q.
What Could Cause Pain on the Lower Left Side of My Stomach?
A.
Pain on the lower left side of your stomach can be caused by a variety of conditions. It could be due to problems in the colon, bowel, or even a rare form of appendicitis or other conditions.
References:
Akbulut S, Ulku A, Senol A, Tas M, Yagmur Y. Left-sided appendicitis: review of 95 published cases and a case report. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov 28;16(44):5598-602. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i44.5598. PMID: 21105193; PMCID: PMC2992678.
Bodmer NA, Thakrar KH. Evaluating the Patient with Left Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain. Radiol Clin North Am. 2015 Nov;53(6):1171-88. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.06.005. Epub 2015 Aug 5. PMID: 26526432.
Yamane F, Ohta R, Sano C. Left Lower Abdominal Pain as an Initial Symptom of Multiple Myeloma. Cureus. 2021 Dec 23;13(12):e20652. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20652. PMID: 35103208; PMCID: PMC8783953.
Updated 2025 Feb 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459328/
Q.
What Could a Red Lump on the Stomach Indicate?
A.
A red lump on the stomach could mean there is inflammation, infection, or even a small collection of blood (hematoma) under the skin, but other causes are possible as well.
References:
Church DJ, Krumme J, Kotwal S. Evaluating Soft-Tissue Lumps and Bumps. Mo Med. 2017 Jul-Aug;114(4):289-294. PMID: 30228613; PMCID: PMC6140092.
Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519551/
Lin YM, Chiu NC, Li AF, Liu CA, Chou YH, Chiou YY. Unusual gastric tumors and tumor-like lesions: Radiological with pathological correlation and literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Apr 14;23(14):2493-2504. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2493. PMID: 28465633; PMCID: PMC5394512.
Adama S, Balaraba MLAA, Aliou ZO, Daouda BI, Kadi I, Hama Y, Lassey JD, Rachid S. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to abdominal masses in a country with limited resources. BMC Surg. 2024 Mar 23;24(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12893-024-02371-w. PMID: 38521960; PMCID: PMC10960446.
Q.
Is It Normal to Have a Lump in the Belly Button After Laparoscopy?
A.
A small lump in the belly button after laparoscopy can sometimes be a sign of a normal healing process, but it can also indicate complications like a hernia or other issues, so it is important to get it checked by your doctor.
References:
Singh P, Kaushik R, Sharma R. Umbilical port hernia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Minim Access Surg. 2006 Mar;2(1):29-30. doi: 10.4103/0972-9941.25675. PMID: 21170225; PMCID: PMC2997219.
Munkres B, Espinet M. Umbilical Endometriosis Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Cureus. 2021 Apr 17;13(4):e14538. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14538. PMID: 34017653; PMCID: PMC8130643.
Sano R, Oka A, Hirata E, Ochiai H. Umbilical Complications That Require Surgical Intervention after Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2023 Nov 13;11(11):e5391. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005391. PMID: 37964921; PMCID: PMC10642900.
Q.
What Could Cause a Painful Lump in the Abdomen?
A.
A painful lump in the abdomen can be caused by different conditions like cysts, tumors, or bleeding in the area. It is important to see a doctor to understand the exact reason and get the right treatment.
References:
Ray R, Baruah TD, Mahobia HS, Borkar A. Pancreatic Lymphangioma: An Unusual Cause of Abdominal Lump. Cureus. 2021 Nov 10;13(11):e19452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19452. PMID: 34926026; PMCID: PMC8654082.
Sudiono DR, Ponten JB, Zijta FM. Acute Abdominal Pain Caused by an Infected Mesenteric Cyst in a 24-Year-Old Female. Case Rep Radiol. 2016;2016:8437832. doi: 10.1155/2016/8437832. Epub 2016 Apr 12. PMID: 27190668; PMCID: PMC4844871.
Shikhman A, Tuma F. Abdominal Hematoma. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519551/
Ajmera P, Jadhav V. Painful Abdominal Lump in the Pediatric Age Group: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Cureus. 2021 Feb 7;13(2):e13202. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13202. PMID: 33728165; PMCID: PMC7946611.
Q.
What Could Cause Swelling in the Lower Right Abdomen Without Pain?
A.
Swelling in the lower right abdomen without pain may be due to benign conditions like a non-tender hernia, a lipoma (a benign fatty tumor), or a cyst, and occasionally it may represent lymph node enlargement from past mild inflammation that isn’t currently painful.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560822/
Purysko AS, Remer EM, Filho HM, Bittencourt LK, Lima RV, Racy DJ. Beyond appendicitis: common and uncommon gastrointestinal causes of right lower quadrant abdominal pain at multidetector CT. Radiographics. 2011 Jul-Aug;31(4):927-47. doi: 10.1148/rg.314105065. PMID: 21768232.
Updated 2023 Jul 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459328/
Q.
What Could Cause Pain in the Lower Right Side of My Stomach?
A.
Pain in the lower right side of your stomach might be due to common problems like appendicitis or other conditions affecting your intestines or colon. Other causes could include, gas, constipation, right-sided diverticulitis, ovarian cyst rupture or torsion.
References:
Purysko AS, Remer EM, Filho HM, Bittencourt LK, Lima RV, Racy DJ. Beyond appendicitis: common and uncommon gastrointestinal causes of right lower quadrant abdominal pain at multidetector CT. Radiographics. 2011 Jul-Aug;31(4):927-47. doi: 10.1148/rg.314105065. PMID: 21768232.
Shin JH, Son BH, Kim H. Clinically distinguishing between appendicitis and right-sided colonic diverticulitis at initial presentation. Yonsei Med J. 2007 Jun 30;48(3):511-6. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.3.511. PMID: 17594161; PMCID: PMC2628084.
Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2015 Dec. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 157.) Background. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK355445/
Q.
What Could a Lump in the Left Hypochondriac Region Mean?
A.
A lump in the left hypochondriac region may represent a tumor or tumor-like lesion. Possibilities include lipomas which are benign fat deposits, gastrointestinal stromal tumors which are lesions arising in the abdominal wall, or even liver masses like a pedunculated giant hemangioma. Even severe constipation causing stool back up may cause a sensation of a lump in this area.
References:
Bhambare MR, Pandya JS, Waghmare SB, Shetty TS. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour presenting as palpable abdominal mass: A rare entity. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Jun 27;7(6):98-101. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i6.98. PMID: 26131332; PMCID: PMC4478562.
Li M, Zhang L, Xu XJ, Shi Z, Zhao XM. CT and MRI features of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the abdominal wall. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2019 Nov;9(11):1820-1839. doi: 10.21037/qims.2019.09.03. PMID: 31867236; PMCID: PMC6902146.
Kouki S, Helal I, Ben Lassoued M. Unusual cause of a left hypochondria pain: pedunculated giant haemangioma of the liver. BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Aug 26;12(8):e224349. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224349. PMID: 31451450; PMCID: PMC6721412.
Q.
What Could Cause a Bulge in the Epigastric Region?
A.
A bulge in the epigastric region can be caused by several conditions, including hernias, infections such as vascular anomalies, or benign masses like lipomas or cysts. In rare case, it could be caused by tuberculosis affecting the xiphisternum.
References:
Grover SB, Arora S, Kumar A, Grover H, Katyan A, Nair DM. "Caught by the Eye of Sound" - Epigastric Swelling due to Xiphisternal Tuberculosis. Pol J Radiol. 2017 Jan 27;82:41-45. doi: 10.12659/PJR.899329. PMID: 28217237; PMCID: PMC5292989.
Moussa O, Al Samaraee A, Ray R, Nice C, Bhattacharya V. A Tender Pulsatile Epigastric Mass is NOT Always an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Radiol Case Rep. 2010;4(10):26-31. doi: 10.3941/jrcr.v4i10.458. Epub 2010 Oct 1. PMID: 22470694; PMCID: PMC3303349.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK420/
Q.
What Could a Hard Lump in the Epigastric Region Signify?
A.
A hard lump in the epigastric region might mean there is a growth or an inflamed area, and it is important to have it checked. It could be something benign, like a fatty deposit, or a sign of a different condition that needs attention.
References:
Grigorian A, Lin MYC, de Virgilio C. Severe Epigastric Pain with Nausea and Vomiting. Surgery. 2019 May 3:227–37. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-05387-1_20. PMCID: PMC7123429.
Nasa M, Choksey A, Phadke A, Sawant P. Gastric lipoma: an unusual cause of dyspeptic symptoms. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Jun 22;2016:bcr2016215297. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215297. PMID: 27335362; PMCID: PMC4932402.
Q.
What Could a Lump in the Right Hypochondriac Region Indicate?
A.
A lump in the right hypochondriac region can be related to several conditions, such as an abscess due to gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis), a tumor like a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), liver lesions, or other benign growths.
References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK420/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK420/
Bhambare MR, Pandya JS, Waghmare SB, Shetty TS. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour presenting as palpable abdominal mass: A rare entity. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Jun 27;7(6):98-101. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i6.98. PMID: 26131332; PMCID: PMC4478562.
El Tinay O, Siddiqui ZU, Alhedaithy M, Kharashgah MN. Right hypochondrial abscess: A rare consequence of supportive cholecystitis. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2016 Nov 25;12:106-108. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.11.009. PMID: 27994870; PMCID: PMC5154965.
Q.
What Does a Cancerous Lump Feel Like in the Abdomen?
A.
A cancerous lump in the abdomen is often felt as a firm, hard, and irregular mass that tends to be fixed to underlying tissues and may not be tender in its early stages.
References:
Li M, Zhang L, Xu XJ, Shi Z, Zhao XM. CT and MRI features of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the abdominal wall. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2019 Nov;9(11):1820-1839. doi: 10.21037/qims.2019.09.03. PMID: 31867236; PMCID: PMC6902146.
Bowles MJ, Benjamin IS. ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Cancer of the stomach and pancreas. BMJ. 2001 Dec 15;323(7326):1413-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1413. PMID: 11744568; PMCID: PMC1121865.
Holtedahl K, Hjertholm P, Borgquist L, Donker GA, Buntinx F, Weller D, Braaten T, Månsson J, Strandberg EL, Campbell C, Korevaar JC, Parajuli R. Abdominal symptoms and cancer in the abdomen: prospective cohort study in European primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2018 May;68(670):e301-e310. doi: 10.3399/bjgp18X695777. Epub 2018 Apr 9. PMID: 29632003; PMCID: PMC5916077.
Ashtakar A, Shenoy A, Agnihotri M, Kothari K. Lumps and Bumps on the Abdominal Wall: Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2024;40(2):117-121. doi: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.12926. PMID: 38265098; PMCID: PMC11131566.
Q.
Is It Normal to Have a Hard Lump under the Belly Button After Laparoscopy?
A.
A hard lump under the belly button after laparoscopy can occur, often as a part of the healing process. However, it is important to have it checked by a doctor if it causes concern.
References:
Sano R, Oka A, Hirata E, Ochiai H. Umbilical Complications That Require Surgical Intervention after Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2023 Nov 13;11(11):e5391. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005391. PMID: 37964921; PMCID: PMC10642900.
Munkres B, Espinet M. Umbilical Endometriosis Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Cureus. 2021 Apr 17;13(4):e14538. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14538. PMID: 34017653; PMCID: PMC8130643.
Marcovici I. Significant abdominal wall hematoma from an umbilical port insertion. JSLS. 2001 Jul-Sep;5(3):293-5. PMID: 11548838; PMCID: PMC3015455.
Q.
What Could Cause a Hard Lump under the Belly Button in Males?
A.
A hard lump under the belly button in males may be caused by an umbilical hernia, a benign skin lesion such as a lipoma or epidermal inclusion cyst, or other less common umbilical abnormalities.
References:
Updated 2024 Feb 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459312/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459312/
Das A. Umbilical Lesions: A Cluster of Known Unknowns and Unknown Unknowns. Cureus. 2019 Aug 2;11(8):e5309. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5309. PMID: 31592364; PMCID: PMC6773451.
Rossari S, Grazzini M, Savarese I, Longo AS, Oranges T, Gori A, Massi D, de Giorgi LG. A particularly bothersome umbilical nodule. Indian J Dermatol. 2013 Jul;58(4):330. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.114004. PMID: 23919044; PMCID: PMC3726921.
Q.
Is It Common to Have a Hard Lump under the Belly Button After a C-Section?
A.
It’s relatively common to notice a hard lump under the belly button after a C-section, often due to scar tissue formation, incisional hernia, or sometimes endometriosis involving the scar.
References:
Li MH, Leng JH, Jiang Y, Lang JH. Abdominal wall lump after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug;120(2 Pt 2):494-497. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318260dbda. PMID: 22825277.
Al-Jabri K. Endometriosis at caesarian section scar. Oman Med J. 2009 Oct;24(4):294-5. doi: 10.5001/omj.2009.59. PMID: 22216383; PMCID: PMC3243870.
Coste AH, Bamarni S, Leslie SW. Umbilical Hernia. [Updated 2024 Feb 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459312/
Q.
Why Do I Feel a Lump in the Middle of My Stomach When Lying Down?
A.
A lump in the middle of your stomach when lying down could be due to an abdominal wall hernia (such as a Spigelian hernia), a localized hematoma, or in rare cases, a vascular issue. It’s important to have it evaluated for a proper diagnosis.
References:
Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519551/
Updated 2023 Jun 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538290/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538290/
Updated 2023 Dec 13]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK395554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK395554/
Moussa O, Al Samaraee A, Ray R, Nice C, Bhattacharya V. A Tender Pulsatile Epigastric Mass is NOT Always an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Radiol Case Rep. 2010;4(10):26-31. doi: 10.3941/jrcr.v4i10.458. Epub 2010 Oct 1. PMID: 22470694; PMCID: PMC3303349.
Q.
Why Do I Feel a Lump in My Lower Abdomen When Lying Down?
A.
When lying down, you might feel a lump in your lower abdomen due to benign factors such as fat deposits, scar tissue or a small hernia—often related to previous surgery or natural body physiology—that become more noticeable in a relaxed position.
References:
Li MH, Leng JH, Jiang Y, Lang JH. Abdominal wall lump after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug;120(2 Pt 2):494-497. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318260dbda. PMID: 22825277.
Updated 2024 May 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459220/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459220/
Ahmed T, Hussain MM, Ahmed SU. A 30 year old female with lower abdominal lump. Mymensingh Med J. 2011 Jan;20(1):138-44. PMID: 21240179.
Q.
Why Do I Feel a Lump in My Stomach When Doing Sit Ups?
A.
During sit-ups, you may feel a lump in your stomach due to shifts in your abdominal tissues or fat, muscle strain or herniation, or even nerve entrapment such as ACNES, all of which can become more apparent during exercise.
References:
de Oliveira EP, Burini RC. The impact of physical exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Sep;12(5):533-8. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32832e6776. PMID: 19535976.
Bø K, Anglès-Acedo S, Batra A, Brækken IH, Chan YL, Jorge CH, Kruger J, Yadav M, Dumoulin C. Strenuous physical activity, exercise, and pelvic organ prolapse: a narrative scoping review. Int Urogynecol J. 2023 Jun;34(6):1153-1164. doi: 10.1007/s00192-023-05450-3. Epub 2023 Jan 24. PMID: 36692525; PMCID: PMC10238337.
Applegate WV. Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (ACNES): A Commonly Overlooked Cause of Abdominal Pain. Perm J. 2002 Summer;6(3):20–7. PMCID: PMC6220638.
Q.
Is It Normal for the Navel to Protrude During Pregnancy?
A.
Yes, it is normal for your navel to protrude during pregnancy as your abdomen expands, though significant or painful changes should be evaluated.
References:
Kulacoglu H. Umbilical Hernia Repair and Pregnancy: Before, during, after…. Front Surg. 2018 Jan 29;5:1. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2018.00001. PMID: 29435451; PMCID: PMC5796887.
Haskins IN, Rosen MJ, Prabhu AS, Amdur RL, Rosenblatt S, Brody F, Krpata DM. Umbilical hernia repair in pregnant patients: review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Hernia. 2017 Oct;21(5):767-770. doi: 10.1007/s10029-017-1633-8. Epub 2017 Jul 22. PMID: 28735364.
Tallhage S, Årestedt K, Schildmeijer K, Oscarsson M. Incidence and risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse in labor when amniotomy is used and with spontaneous rupture of membranes: A Swedish nationwide register study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2024 Feb;103(2):304-312. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14717. Epub 2023 Nov 15. Erratum in: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2025 Jan;104(1):245. doi: 10.1111/aogs.15027. PMID: 37969005; PMCID: PMC10823388.
Q.
What Could Cause Left Lower Belly Pain During Pregnancy?
A.
Left lower belly pain during pregnancy can result from conditions like deep vein thrombosis, uterine rupture (especially in women with previous cesarean sections), ovarian cyst or rupture, or, less commonly, an ectopic pregnancy.
References:
Bergqvist A, Bergqvist D, Hallböök T. Deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy. A prospective study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1983;62(5):443-8. doi: 10.3109/00016348309154217. PMID: 6666557.
Frank Wolf M, Ben-Nun M, Sgayer I, Shnaider O, Aiob A, Odeh M, Bornstein J. The association between acute lower abdominal pain over a previous caesarean scar and uterine rupture. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Jul;42(5):1169-1173. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2027896. Epub 2022 Feb 12. PMID: 35152819.
Chen Y, Peng P, Li C, Teng L, Liu X, Liu J, Cao D, Zhu L, Lang J. Abdominal pregnancy: a case report and review of 17 cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2023 Jan;307(1):263-274. doi: 10.1007/s00404-022-06570-9. Epub 2022 Apr 26. PMID: 35474494; PMCID: PMC9837172.
Kawabe A, Wang L, Kikugawa A, Shibata Y, Kuromaki K, Takagi A. Severe abdominal pain exacerbated by fetal movement is an early sign of the onset of uterine rupture. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Oct;55(5):721-723. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.12.021. PMID: 27751423.
Q.
Why Is the Left Side of the Stomach Bigger Than the Right?
A.
The left side of your stomach is naturally larger than the right due to normal left-right asymmetry during embryonic gut development.
References:
Davis A, Amin NM, Johnson C, Bagley K, Ghashghaei HT, Nascone-Yoder N. Stomach curvature is generated by left-right asymmetric gut morphogenesis. Development. 2017 Apr 15;144(8):1477-1483. doi: 10.1242/dev.143701. Epub 2017 Feb 27. PMID: 28242610; PMCID: PMC5399665.
Grzymkowski J, Wyatt B, Nascone-Yoder N. The twists and turns of left-right asymmetric gut morphogenesis. Development. 2020 Oct 12;147(19):dev187583. doi: 10.1242/dev.187583. PMID: 33046455; PMCID: PMC7578356.
Chaudhry SR, Liman MNP, Omole AE, et al. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Stomach. [Updated 2024 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482334/
Q.
What Might Cause Right Lower Abdominal Pain at 6 Weeks Pregnant?
A.
At 6 weeks pregnant, right lower abdominal pain can be caused by several conditions including appendicitis, ovarian cyst complications (such as rupture or torsion), or corpus luteum-related issues. It may also be related to other gastrointestinal or urinary causes.
References:
Daume DL, Becker PM, Linke K, Ries JJ, Fourie L, Klasen JM. Differential diagnoses of right lower quadrant pain in late pregnancy. J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Jul 25;2022(7):rjac200. doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjac200. PMID: 35903664; PMCID: PMC9322997.
Aptilon Duque G, Oladipo AF, Lotfollahzadeh S. Appendicitis in Pregnancy. [Updated 2023 Nov 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551642/
Zachariah SK, Fenn M, Jacob K, Arthungal SA, Zachariah SA. Management of acute abdomen in pregnancy: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health. 2019 Feb 8;11:119-134. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S151501. PMID: 30804686; PMCID: PMC6371947.
Cappell MS, Friedel D. Abdominal pain during pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2003 Mar;32(1):1-58. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00064-x. PMID: 12635413.
Q.
Why Is My Right Lower Abdomen Swollen?
A.
Swelling in your right lower abdomen can be due to inflammation from conditions like appendicitis, enlarged lymph nodes from infection or inflammation, colitis, ovarian cyst or rupture, constipation, or even generalized abdominal bloating that may appear more pronounced in that area.
References:
Wonski S, Ranzenberger LR, Carter KR. Appendix Imaging. 2023 Apr 17. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 31751093.
Lucey BC, Stuhlfaut JW, Soto JA. Mesenteric lymph nodes seen at imaging: causes and significance. Radiographics. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):351-65. doi: 10.1148/rg.252045108. PMID: 15798054.
Shacker M, Latorre-Rodríguez AR, Mittal SK. Prevalence and severity of abdominal bloating in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dis Esophagus. 2024 Jan 31;37(2):doad058. doi: 10.1093/dote/doad058. PMID: 37738150.
Q.
What Could Cause Right Lower Belly Pain During Pregnancy?
A.
Right lower belly pain during pregnancy can be caused by conditions such as adnexal (ovarian) torsion, appendicitis, or complications like uterine rupture, especially in women with a previous cesarean scar.
References:
Hermes W, Puylaert JB, de Groot CJ. Acute buik in het derde trimester van de zwangerschap door torsie van het adnexum op basis van een klein cysteadenoom [Acute abdominal pain in the third trimester of pregnancy caused by adnexal torsion based on a small cystic adenoma]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007 Sep 8;151(36):1994-7. Dutch. PMID: 17953174.
Oto A, Ernst RD, Shah R, Koroglu M, Chaljub G, Gei AF, Zacharias N, Saade G. Right-lower-quadrant pain and suspected appendicitis in pregnant women: evaluation with MR imaging--initial experience. Radiology. 2005 Feb;234(2):445-51. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2341032002. Epub 2004 Dec 10. PMID: 15591434.
Frank Wolf M, Ben-Nun M, Sgayer I, Shnaider O, Aiob A, Odeh M, Bornstein J. The association between acute lower abdominal pain over a previous caesarean scar and uterine rupture. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Jul;42(5):1169-1173. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2027896. Epub 2022 Feb 12. PMID: 35152819.
Q.
What Could Cause Swelling on the Right Side of the Lower Abdomen?
A.
Swelling on the right side of the lower abdomen can result from several causes including complications of appendicitis (such as an abscess or fistula), an appendiceal mucocele, an ovarian cyst rupture or torsion, abdominal wall endometriosis, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, or, in rare cases, conditions like neuronal intestinal dysplasia.
References:
Kauffman ZS, Stuart DL. Uncommon Presentation of Perforated Appendicitis: Abdominal Wall Abscess and Fistula Formation. Am J Case Rep. 2025 Mar 18;26:e946543. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.946543. PMID: 40100784; PMCID: PMC11928066.
Gortchev G, Tomov S, Dimitrov D, Nanev V, Betova T. Appendiceal mucocele presenting as a right adnexal mass: a case report. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2010;2010:281053. doi: 10.1155/2010/281053. Epub 2010 Sep 13. PMID: 20871809; PMCID: PMC2943109.
Wu TK, Wu AS, Tran TA, Lee CY. Neuronal intestinal dysplasia presenting as an abdominal mass: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997 Jul;40(7):862-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02055447. PMID: 9221867.
Yang E, Chen GD, Liao YH. Spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis: A Case Report and review of the literature. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Jan;62(1):155-157. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.07.009. PMID: 36720530.
Lucey BC, Stuhlfaut JW, Soto JA. Mesenteric lymph nodes seen at imaging: causes and significance. Radiographics. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):351-65. doi: 10.1148/rg.252045108. PMID: 15798054.
Q.
Why Is the Lower Left Side of My Stomach/abdomen Larger?
A.
A larger appearance in the lower left side of the abdomen is typically due to abdominal bloating—often caused by gas, fluid buildup, or changes in bowel habits—which can make one area seem more distended.
References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK420/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK420/
Sullivan SN. Functional abdominal bloating with distention. ISRN Gastroenterol. 2012;2012:721820. doi: 10.5402/2012/721820. Epub 2012 Jun 19. PMID: 22778978; PMCID: PMC3388350.
Seo AY, Kim N, Oh DH. Abdominal bloating: pathophysiology and treatment. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Oct;19(4):433-53. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.4.433. Epub 2013 Oct 7. PMID: 24199004; PMCID: PMC3816178.
Q.
What Could Cause a Cyst in the Epigastric Region?
A.
A cyst in the epigastric region can be due to benign conditions like congenital duplication cysts, pancreatic pseudocysts from past inflammation, or mesenteric cysts.
References:
Rajagopalan S, Robinson DA, Hargest R. An epigastric swelling. J R Soc Med. 2004 Aug;97(8):393-4. doi: 10.1177/014107680409700810. PMID: 15286195; PMCID: PMC1079562.
Mansour-Ghanaei F, Gharibpoor A, Joukar F, Mavaddati S. Multilocular Cystic Mass Located in Epigastric Region and Right Area of the Abdomen in an old man. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2017 Jul;9(3):176-177. doi: 10.15171/mejdd.2017.71. PMID: 28894522; PMCID: PMC5585912.
Lee J, Park CM, Kim KA, Lee CH, Choi JW, Shin BK, Lee SJ, Choi D, Jang KT. Cystic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract: multimodality imaging with pathologic correlations. Korean J Radiol. 2010 Jul-Aug;11(4):457-68. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.457. Epub 2010 Jun 21. PMID: 20592930; PMCID: PMC2893317.
Q.
Why Are the Multiple Lumps in My Stomach Fat Painful?
A.
Multiple painful lumps in the fat of your stomach may be due to Dercum's disease, a rare condition involving painful fatty deposits.
References:
Al-Housni O, Boufeas C, Slane V. Dercum's Disease: The Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Radiological Findings, and Treatment of a Rare, Debilitating Inflammatory Disorder. HCA Healthc J Med. 2024 Apr 30;5(2):171-174. doi: 10.36518/2689-0216.1642. PMID: 38984226; PMCID: PMC11229597.
Moattari C, Giovane RA, DiGiovanni Kinsely S. Dercum's Disease: A Case Report of a Patient Having Both Type 1 and Type 2 Dercum's Disease. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2020 Nov 10;2020:6129706. doi: 10.1155/2020/6129706. PMID: 33224536; PMCID: PMC7671811.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
National Library of Medicine
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003277.htm