Your Health Questions
Answered by Professionals

Yes—vitamin deficiencies can contribute to diffuse hair thinning and shedding, particularly low vitamin D, biotin (B7), B12, A, C, and E, with higher risk from poor diet, malabsorption, certain medicines, or increased nutrient needs. There are several factors to consider, and testing before supplementing (e.g., vitamin D, B12, iron/ferritin) plus targeted diet and lifestyle changes is key—see below for specific signs, safe dosing ranges, and when to seek care. Also note that too much vitamin A can cause hair loss, so avoid self-supplementing and review the details below.

Alopecia areata is relatively common: about 2% of people (≈1 in 50) will develop it at some point, with 0.1–0.2% affected at any given time and ~20 new cases per 100,000 each year; rates are similar worldwide. In the U.S., that translates to roughly 6–7 million people over a lifetime. There are several factors to consider—age of onset, family history, related autoimmune conditions, and when to seek care—see the details below to understand what could impact your next steps.

Doctors distinguish these by exam, dermoscopy, and tests: tinea capitis usually has scaling, itch, broken “black dot” and comma/corkscrew hairs with possible tender lymph nodes and a positive KOH/culture or Wood’s lamp; alopecia areata shows smooth, non-scaly bald patches with exclamation‑mark hairs and yellow dots on trichoscopy, no fungi on KOH, and biopsy if unclear. Because treatments differ (oral antifungals vs corticosteroids/immunotherapy), there are several factors to consider—see the complete details below to guide your next steps.

Doctors track alopecia progression using a combination of clinical history and scalp exam; standardized scoring such as the SALT score; serial photographs and trichoscopy; hair-shedding tests (hair pull, hair counts/weights); patient-reported measures; digital tools for remote monitoring; and, when needed, scalp biopsy, with follow-ups typically every 3–6 months and sooner if loss is rapid or treatments change. There are several factors to consider that can change next steps and timing—including which tools fit your alopecia type and when to seek urgent care—see below for complete details.

Alopecia can significantly affect mental health—commonly lowering self-esteem and body image, driving social withdrawal, and raising the risk of anxiety (up to ~39%) and depression (~30%), with women and younger people often more affected. There are several factors to consider—identity, unpredictability, and stigma—and there are effective supports (medical care, therapy, support groups, cosmetic options, mind–body tools); see the complete guidance below, including red flags for urgent help and next steps to take.

Alopecia universalis is the most severe form of alopecia areata, causing total or near-total loss of hair on the scalp and body (including eyebrows and eyelashes), while patchy alopecia causes one or more discrete bald spots that often come and go. Patchy alopecia is more common and more likely to regrow spontaneously or with topical/injected treatments; universalis is rarer, less likely to regrow without systemic therapy, and may have more pronounced nail and psychological impacts. There are several factors that affect prognosis and the right next steps (age at onset, speed and extent of spread, autoimmune history, treatment options)—see the complete details below.

Hair loss can significantly undermine self-esteem—research links it to anxiety, depression, social withdrawal, and a loss of identity or femininity/masculinity, with heightened impact in women, younger people, and those with alopecia areata. There are several factors to consider, including cause and unpredictability, but medical, cosmetic, and psychological treatments can help restore confidence; see below for specific options, coping strategies, and when to seek professional help.

Pregnancy’s higher estrogen and a Th2 immune shift often thicken hair and can improve alopecia areata, but after delivery the hormone drop and immune rebound commonly cause diffuse shedding 2–4 months postpartum (telogen effluvium, usually resolving within 6–12 months) and can trigger AA flares; female pattern hair loss is less affected and may be unmasked after birth. There are several factors to consider—your alopecia type, timing, and which treatments are safe in pregnancy or breastfeeding—see the complete guidance below to understand key risks, timelines, and the best next steps to discuss with your clinician.

Steroid injections are an effective first-line treatment for patchy alopecia areata: about 60% of patients see significant regrowth after 3–4 sessions, with the best results in small, recent patches. Results are often partial and not permanent, and recurrence is common—important details on who benefits most, expected timelines, side effects, and combination options are covered below.

Ruxolitinib cream is effective for eczema: in an 8‑week trial, about 33% of patients were clear or almost clear and 45% reached EASI‑75, with itch relief often beginning by 2 weeks. For alopecia areata, early studies suggest modest regrowth (around 40% achieving SALT‑50 by 24 weeks), with better results in small, recent patches; it’s generally well tolerated with minimal systemic absorption. There are several factors that can change outcomes—disease extent, duration, adherence, and combination strategies—see below for important details and next steps before deciding if it’s right for you.

Hair loss can spread slowly or rapidly depending on the cause: pattern hair loss usually progresses over years (often 10–20), telogen effluvium begins 6–12 weeks after a trigger with shedding up to 300–500 hairs/day for 3–6+ months, alopecia areata can appear in days to weeks, and scarring types advance over months–years and may be permanent without early treatment. There are several factors to consider—your hair-growth cycle, triggers and systemic illness, and red flags—so see below for full timelines, monitoring tips, treatments, and when to seek care, as these details could change your next steps.

Dermatologists diagnose alopecia by combining a detailed medical and family history with a scalp/hair exam (including pull tests), trichoscopy, targeted blood tests (e.g., thyroid, iron, hormones), and—when needed—a scalp biopsy to distinguish scarring from non-scarring causes. The pattern is then classified (alopecia areata, androgenetic, telogen effluvium, scarring) to guide next steps. There are several factors to consider—see below for what each test shows, when urgent symptoms warrant care, pitfalls to avoid, and how results shape treatment options.

Severity in alopecia areata is graded using the SALT score (0–100%), which quantifies percent scalp hair loss across four regions and maps to S0–S5: S0=0%, S1=1–24%, S2=25–49%, S3=50–74%, S4=75–99%, S5=100% (alopecia totalis; universalis if brows/lashes also lost). There are several factors to consider—eyebrow/eyelash loss and nail changes can increase overall impact and guide treatment choices; see details below that could affect your next steps.

Most people notice new growth within 3–6 months and fuller results by 6–12 months, but timing varies by cause—telogen effluvium often recovers within a year, pattern hair loss responds to treatments over 6–12 months, and alopecia areata can be unpredictable and take longer. There are several factors to consider—age, nutrition, stress, scalp health, and treatment consistency—and certain symptoms warrant prompt care; see complete timelines, month-by-month expectations, and red flags below.

Alopecia treatment timelines vary widely: fine regrowth can start in 6–12 weeks, noticeable results often take 3–6 months, and severe or long‑standing cases can need 9–12 months or longer, often with maintenance to prevent relapse. Outcomes depend on the alopecia type, how long you’ve had it, the extent of loss, age/health, stress, and the therapy used (topical/intralesional steroids, minoxidil, contact immunotherapy, or JAK inhibitors). There are several factors and key decision points (including when to switch or combine treatments) that can affect your next steps—see the full timelines and guidance below.

There are several factors to consider: alopecia areata is a common cause of patchy teen hair loss, but other conditions (tinea capitis, telogen effluvium, traction, trichotillomania, nutritional issues) should be ruled out by a clinician. Management is usually dermatologist-directed (topical/intralesional steroids first; topical immunotherapy, brief oral steroids, or newer options like JAK inhibitors for extensive disease) plus gentle hair care, nutrition and stress support, cosmetic aids, and prompt care for rapid spread, infection signs, nail/eyelash involvement, or distress—see the complete guidance below.

Alopecia can be temporary or permanent—there are several factors to consider; see below for details. Non-scarring types (like telogen effluvium and many cases of alopecia areata) often regrow, while scarring alopecias and advanced pattern hair loss are usually permanent. Early evaluation and treatment can slow progression and sometimes restore hair, so review the guidance below to choose the right next steps.

Yes—thyroid dysfunction can directly cause diffuse "thyroid hair loss," and autoimmune thyroid diseases (Hashimoto's, Graves') frequently coexist with alopecia areata; about 15–25% of people with alopecia areata have thyroid disease or antibodies. Distinguishing patchy bald spots from uniform thinning and knowing when to order TSH, free T4/T3, and antibody tests can change treatment and next steps; there are several factors to consider. See below for the complete answer, including symptoms to watch for, testing, treatment options, and when to seek urgent care.

Yes—anxiety is common with hair loss: roughly one-third of people with alopecia report clinically significant anxiety, and in alopecia areata, studies suggest up to half may experience moderate to severe anxiety. It’s driven by changes in identity, self-esteem, and social concerns, but effective medical and mental health strategies can help. There are several factors to consider; see below for the key causes, symptoms to watch for, and evidence-based next steps and supports.

Side effects of alopecia treatments vary by option: minoxidil can cause scalp irritation, unwanted facial/body hair, temporary shedding, and rarely rapid heartbeat, dizziness, or swelling; finasteride/dutasteride may lead to sexual dysfunction, mood changes, and breast tenderness; steroids can thin skin or (by mouth) cause weight gain, high blood pressure/sugar, infection risk, and adrenal suppression; contact immunotherapy/anthralin often provoke dermatitis; JAK inhibitors raise infection and lab-abnormality risks; and hair transplants carry pain, infection, scarring, and “shock loss.” There are several factors to consider—see below for complete side-effect lists, comparisons (e.g., dutasteride vs finasteride), monitoring and dosing guidance, and urgent red flags (chest pain, severe rash, mood changes, persistent sexual side effects) that should prompt stopping treatment and calling your doctor.

Early signs include sudden, small round, smooth bald patches (on the scalp, eyebrows/eyelashes, beard, or body), fragile “exclamation mark” hairs, brief itching/burning/tingling, nail pitting or ridging (sometimes splits or white spots), and rapid shedding; new hairs may initially grow back fine or white. There are several factors to consider that can influence diagnosis and treatment timing—see below for key details and when to seek care.

Common treatments include topical minoxidil and (for men) oral finasteride for pattern hair loss. Alopecia areata is typically managed with intralesional/topical corticosteroids, topical immunotherapy, or oral JAK inhibitors, while telogen effluvium focuses on correcting triggers (thyroid/iron/nutrition, medication review) with optional short‑term minoxidil; adjuncts like low‑level laser therapy, platelet‑rich plasma, hair transplantation, and cosmetic options can help. The best choice depends on type and severity—important details on dosing, side effects, timelines, and when to seek care are below.

It’s driven by an autoimmune attack on hair follicles in genetically susceptible people, with flare‑ups often triggered by infections, significant stress, skin trauma, or hormonal changes. There are several factors to consider—immune pathways, coexisting autoimmune disease (like thyroid issues), microbiome and nutrition influences, and how it’s distinguished from other hair loss—which can affect diagnosis and treatment; see the complete details below to help plan next steps.

Autoimmune hair loss (most often alopecia areata) happens when the immune system—especially autoreactive CD8+ T cells—mistakenly attacks hair follicles after a collapse of their normal immune privilege, on a background of genetic susceptibility and triggers like infections, psychological stress, skin injury, or chemical irritants. It often coexists with other autoimmune diseases (e.g., thyroid disease, vitiligo), which can shape testing and treatment—there are several factors to consider; see below for crucial details on signs, diagnosis, therapies, and when to seek care.

Alopecia areata patches are smooth, well-defined round or oval bald spots with normal-colored skin and no scaling or scarring, appearing on the scalp or any hair-bearing area and ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters; they may be single or multiple. Up close (often with magnification), you can see clues like short “exclamation-mark” hairs at the edges, black dots (broken hairs), yellow dots (keratin/sebum), and fine vellus regrowth. There are several factors to consider—such as how to tell it from infection or scarring hair loss and when to seek evaluation or testing—so see below for key visuals, patterns, and next steps that could guide your care.

Habits that can worsen hair loss include poor nutrition (low iron, vitamin D, zinc, inadequate protein/calories), tight or heavy hairstyles/extensions that pull on roots, frequent chemical or heat treatments, harsh or improper care (over- or under-washing, aggressive brushing/towel-drying), and lifestyle risks like chronic stress, smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor sleep, and inactivity; certain medications and conditions (thyroid issues, autoimmune disease, scalp infections) also contribute. There are several factors to consider—see below for practical fixes, which labs to check, safer styling and grooming tips, how to address stress and other habits, medication and health-condition reviews, and the warning signs that mean you should see a doctor.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks hair follicles, leading to sudden, smooth round or oval patches of hair loss on the scalp, face, or body; it can occur at any age and affects about 2% of people. There are several factors to consider—triggers, who’s at risk, key signs (including nail changes), diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments from steroids to newer JAK inhibitors—that can influence your next steps; see the complete details below.

Ophiasis pattern alopecia is a subtype of alopecia areata marked by a snake-like, band of hair loss along the sides (temporal) and lower back (occipital) of the scalp due to autoimmune attack on hair follicles. It often has a more persistent course and can be harder to treat than typical patchy alopecia areata—there are several factors to consider. See below for important details that could influence your next steps, including triggers, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis.

Trichoscopy is a non-invasive exam of the scalp and hair using a lighted magnifier (dermoscope) to visualize microscopic hair-shaft and scalp changes, helping clinicians differentiate causes of hair loss (e.g., alopecia areata, pattern hair loss, telogen effluvium, scarring alopecias) and often avoid a biopsy. There are several factors to consider, including what it can and can’t show, how to prepare, and red‑flag symptoms that need urgent care—see below for complete details that may guide your next steps.

Medications linked to hair thinning include chemotherapy and immunosuppressants; anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin); cholesterol and cardiovascular drugs (statins, beta-blockers, ACE/ARBs); retinoids (isotretinoin); antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and some antiepileptics (lithium, valproate); hormonal and thyroid therapies; plus certain NSAIDs, PPIs, antifungals, and antiretrovirals. They can disrupt the hair-growth cycle—causing telogen effluvium (often 2–4 months after starting) or anagen effluvium (sooner)—and shedding often improves within months after adjusting or stopping the trigger. There are several factors to consider; see below for key details on timing, alternatives, supportive treatments, and when to seek urgent care.