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Try one of these related symptoms.
Walking difficulties
Can't walk
Sudden inability to walk
Abnormal gait
Trouble walking
Shuffle when I walk
Difficulty walking in a straight line with one foot directly in front of the other
Gait is too unstable to walk following a straight line (e.g. like a tightrope)
Waddling gait
Need to hold into something for supoport while walking
Unable to walk properly
Struggling to walk
Difficulty walking generally describes a person's inability to walk normally. Normal walking consists of a repeated shifting of weight from leg to leg, a back and forth arm swing on both sides, and a typically narrow space between the feet. Most cases of difficulty walking are related to a medical problem.
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
Generally, Difficulty walking can be related to:
Olive bridge cerebellar atrophy, also known as Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, is the degeneration of neurons in specific areas of the brain like the cerebellum, pons, and inferior olivary nucleus. It is a hereditary condition.
These tumors are tumor found in the cerebellum, which is located in the back of the brain. They can cause increased intracranial pressure and headache, and difficulties with balance or coordination. They can arise from brain cells or they may have spread from a tumor found in another part of the body.
Subacute cerebellar degeneration (SCD) is characterized by loss of brain cells from the cerebellum, which controls balance and coordination of movements. SCD can be caused by inherited genetic mutations, alcohol abuse, vitamin deficiencies, certain brain infections, brain tumors, or autoimmune disorders such as mutiple sclerosis, celiac disease, Sjogren syndrome, and paraneoplastic syndromes, which are rare, abnormal immune responses to cancerous tumors.
Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum (OLF)
Sometimes, Difficulty walking may be related to these serious diseases:
Cerebellar hemorrhage/infarction, or cerebellar stroke, is a type of stroke that affects the posterior part of the brain, specifically the cerebellum. This leads to deficits in motor and balance control. It can be caused by trauma, rupture of blood vessels in the brain due to high blood pressure or small vessel disease, and is more common in middle-aged and older individuals.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
Reviewed By:
Benjamin Kummer, MD (Neurology)
Dr Kummer is Assistant Professor of Neurology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), with joint appointment in Digital and Technology Partners (DTP) at the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) as Director of Clinical Informatics in Neurology. As a triple-board certified practicing stroke neurologist and informaticist, he has successfully improved clinical operations at the point of care by acting as a central liaison between clinical neurology faculty and DTP teams to implement targeted EHR configuration changes and workflows, as well as providing subject matter expertise on health information technology projects across MSHS. | Dr Kummer also has several years’ experience building and implementing several informatics tools, presenting scientific posters, and generating a body of peer-reviewed work in “clinical neuro-informatics” – i.e., the intersection of clinical neurology, digital health, and informatics – much of which is centered on digital/tele-health, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. He has spearheaded the Clinical Neuro-Informatics Center in the Department of Neurology at ISMMS, a new research institute that seeks to establish the field of clinical neuro-informatics and disseminate knowledge to the neurological community on the effects and benefits of clinical informatics tools at the point of care.
Shohei Harase, MD (Neurology)
Dr. Harase spent his junior and senior high school years in Finland and the U.S. After graduating from the University of Washington (Bachelor of Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology), he worked for Apple Japan Inc. before entering the University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, where he received the Best Resident Award in 2016 and 2017. In 2021, he joined the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, specializing in hyperacute stroke.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Q.
What Should Be Considered When Experiencing Sudden Difficulty Walking?
A.
When experiencing sudden difficulty walking, it's important to consider brain conditions such as stroke. However, gait changes can also stem from problems with muscles, nerves, blood flow, or age-related changes.
References:
Jain S, Kolber MR. A stiff-legged gait: benign acute childhood myositis. CMAJ. 2009 Nov 10;181(10):711-3. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090781. Epub 2009 Oct 13. PMID: 19825926; PMCID: PMC2774365.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235/
Boripuntakul S, Kamnardsiri T, Lord SR, Maiarin S, Worakul P, Sungkarat S. Gait variability during abrupt slow and fast speed transitions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One. 2022 Oct 21;17(10):e0276658. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276658. PMID: 36269750; PMCID: PMC9586342.
Q.
Why Might a Pregnant Person Experience Trouble Walking?
A.
During pregnancy, physical changes make walking more challenging. Weight redistribution and shifts in balance may lead to a waddling gait.
References:
Abedzadehzavareh Z, Catena RD. The role of waddling gait in balance control during pregnancy. Gait Posture. 2025 Feb;116:16-21. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.11.015. Epub 2024 Nov 22. PMID: 39603180.
Li X, Lu Z, Cen X, Zhou Y, Xuan R, Sun D, Gu Y. Effect of pregnancy on female gait characteristics: a pilot study based on portable gait analyzer and induced acceleration analysis. Front Physiol. 2023 May 16;14:1034132. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1034132. PMID: 37260595; PMCID: PMC10227621.
Gonçalves H, Soares ALG, Domingues MR, Bertoldi AD, Santos MGD, Silveira MFD, Coll CVN. Why are pregnant women physically inactive? A qualitative study on the beliefs and perceptions about physical activity during pregnancy. Cad Saude Publica. 2024 Jan 8;40(1):e00097323. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XEN097323. PMID: 38198382; PMCID: PMC10775962.
Q.
What Is the Medical Term for Difficulty in Walking?
A.
"Gait disturbance" is the medical term for difficulty in walking. This term describes any abnormality in a person's walking pattern.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
Tarolli CG, Lizarraga KJ. Approach to the Patient with Gait Disturbance. Semin Neurol. 2021 Dec;41(6):717-730. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1726355. Epub 2021 Nov 26. PMID: 34826874.
Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559243/
Q.
How Are Abnormal Gait Patterns Identified and Classified?
A.
Doctors identify abnormal gait patterns by observing how a person walks and using specialized tools to measure movement. They then classify these patterns into distinct types based on specific movement characteristics and underlying medical conditions.
References:
Sienko Thomas S, Buckon CE, Nicorici A, Bagley A, McDonald CM, Sussman MD. Classification of the gait patterns of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their relationship to function. J Child Neurol. 2010 Sep;25(9):1103-9. doi: 10.1177/0883073810371002. Epub 2010 Jun 29. PMID: 20587736; PMCID: PMC3794706.
Kyeong S, Kim SM, Jung S, Kim DH. Gait pattern analysis and clinical subgroup identification: a retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Apr;99(15):e19555. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019555. PMID: 32282704; PMCID: PMC7440325.
Tsitlakidis S, Horsch A, Schaefer F, Westhauser F, Goetze M, Hagmann S, Klotz MCM. Gait Classification in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. J Clin Med. 2019 Oct 11;8(10):1652. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101652. PMID: 31614496; PMCID: PMC6832635.
Q.
What Causes Trouble Walking After Sitting for a Long Period?
A.
Extended sitting can make walking difficult by reducing blood flow and causing leg muscle stiffness. Nerve compression from being seated can lead to temporary numbness and tingling in the legs.
References:
Okino K, Aoki M, Yamane M, Kataoka Y, Nitta A, Kohmura C. Prolonged Sitting Causes Leg Discomfort in Middle Aged Adults: Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity, Calf Circumference, and Discomfort Questionaries. J Clin Med. 2022 Jul 12;11(14):4024. doi: 10.3390/jcm11144024. PMID: 35887787; PMCID: PMC9320137.
Waters TR, Dick RB. Evidence of health risks associated with prolonged standing at work and intervention effectiveness. Rehabil Nurs. 2015 May-Jun;40(3):148-65. doi: 10.1002/rnj.166. Epub 2014 Jul 7. PMID: 25041875; PMCID: PMC4591921.
Restaino RM, Holwerda SW, Credeur DP, Fadel PJ, Padilla J. Impact of prolonged sitting on lower and upper limb micro- and macrovascular dilator function. Exp Physiol. 2015 Jul 1;100(7):829-38. doi: 10.1113/EP085238. Epub 2015 Jun 10. PMID: 25929229; PMCID: PMC4956484.
Q.
What Should You Do If You Start Having Trouble Walking?
A.
If you begin having trouble walking, consult a doctor or healthcare professional who can determine the cause. This will ensure you receive appropriate help and guidance.
References:
Hawkins KA, Clark DJ, Balasubramanian CK, Fox EJ. Walking on uneven terrain in healthy adults and the implications for people after stroke. NeuroRehabilitation. 2017;41(4):765-774. doi: 10.3233/NRE-172154. PMID: 28946584; PMCID: PMC5845824.
Neufeld S, Machacova K, Mossey J, Luborsky M. Walking Ability and Its Relationship to Self-Rated Health in Later Life. Clin Gerontol. 2013 Jan;36(1):17-32. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2012.731477. PMID: 25568590; PMCID: PMC4283213.
Smith RB III. Claudication. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235/
Q.
What Are Some Common Reasons for Experiencing Difficulty Walking?
A.
Various factors can make walking difficult, including problems with the brain, spine, joints, or muscles that affect body movement and balance.
References:
Kader M, Ullén S, Iwarsson S, Odin P, Nilsson MH. Factors Contributing to Perceived Walking Difficulties in People with Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2017;7(2):397-407. doi: 10.3233/JPD-161034. PMID: 28505982
Houle M, Bonneau JD, Marchand AA, Descarreaux M. Physical and Psychological Factors Associated With Walking Capacity in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis With Neurogenic Claudication: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front Neurol. 2021 Sep 9;12:720662. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.720662. PMID: 34566863; PMCID: PMC8459720.
Theis KA, Murphy LB, Baker NA, Hootman JM. When You Can't Walk a Mile: Walking Limitation Prevalence and Associations Among Middle-Aged and Older US Adults with Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2019 Jul 24;1(6):350-358. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11046. PMID: 31777813; PMCID: PMC6858050.
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
Q.
How Does a Torn ACL Impact Your Walking Capabilities?
A.
A torn ACL makes walking feel uneven and unstable, often causing changes in leg movement such as shortened strides or limping.
References:
Gardinier ES, Manal K, Buchanan TS, Snyder-Mackler L. Gait and neuromuscular asymmetries after acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Aug;44(8):1490-6. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824d2783. PMID: 22330021; PMCID: PMC3399054.
Noehren B, Wilson H, Miller C, Lattermann C. Long-term gait deviations in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed females. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Jul;45(7):1340-7. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318285c6b6. PMID: 23568090; PMCID: PMC4313379.
Yoo H, Marappa-Ganeshan R. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559233/
Q.
How Does a Broken Ankle Affect Your Ability to Walk?
A.
A broken ankle causes pain and makes walking more difficult. The combination of pain, swelling, and the need to protect the injury changes your walking pattern.
References:
McKeown R, Kearney RS, Liew ZH, Ellard DR. Patient experiences of an ankle fracture and the most important factors in their recovery: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open. 2020 Feb 4;10(2):e033539. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033539. PMID: 32024789; PMCID: PMC7044932.
Hsu CY, Tsai YS, Yau CS, Shie HH, Wu CM. Differences in gait and trunk movement between patients after ankle fracture and healthy subjects. Biomed Eng Online. 2019 Mar 19;18(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s12938-019-0644-3. PMID: 30890177; PMCID: PMC6425625.
Keene DJ, Costa ML, Tutton E, Hopewell S, Barber VS, Dutton SJ, Redmond AC, Willett K, Lamb SE. Progressive functional exercise versus best practice advice for adults aged 50 years or over after ankle fracture: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial in the UK - the Ankle Fracture Treatment: Enhancing Rehabilitation (AFTER) study. BMJ Open. 2019 Nov 2;9(11):e030877. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030877. PMID: 31678945; PMCID: PMC6830709.
Q.
How Is a Shuffling Walk Associated with Parkinson's Disease?
A.
A shuffling walk occurs when a person takes short, dragging steps. This movement pattern is commonly seen in people with Parkinson's disease due to brain changes associated with the disease.
References:
Kim SM, Kim DH, Yang Y, Ha SW, Han JH. Gait Patterns in Parkinson's Disease with or without Cognitive Impairment. Dement Neurocogn Disord. 2018 Jun;17(2):57-65. doi: 10.12779/dnd.2018.17.2.57. Epub 2018 Jul 24. PMID: 30906393; PMCID: PMC6427969.
Galli M, Vicidomini C, Rozin Kleiner AF, Vacca L, Cimolin V, Condoluci C, Stocchi F, De Pandis MF. Peripheral neurostimulation breaks the shuffling steps patterns in Parkinsonian gait: a double blind randomized longitudinal study with automated mechanical peripheral stimulation. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018 Dec;54(6):860-865. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.18.05037-2. Epub 2018 Feb 19. PMID: 29457707.
Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Codon Publications; 2018 Dec 21. Chapter 6. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536715/
Q.
How Is a Shuffling Walk Related to Dementia?
A.
A shuffling walk can be an early sign of brain changes linked to dementia. Research shows that walking difficulties may predict future cognitive problems.
References:
Parihar R, Mahoney JR, Verghese J. RELATIONSHIP OF GAIT AND COGNITION IN THE ELDERLY. Curr Transl Geriatr Exp Gerontol Rep. 2013 Sep 1;2(3):10.1007/s13670-013-0052-7. doi: 10.1007/s13670-013-0052-7. PMID: 24349877; PMCID: PMC3859437.
Tuena C, Maestri S, Serino S, Pedroli E, Stramba-Badiale M, Riva G; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Prognostic relevance of gait-related cognitive functions for dementia conversion in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. BMC Geriatr. 2023 Jul 31;23(1):462. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04175-8. PMID: 37525134; PMCID: PMC10388514.
Gras LZ, Kanaan SF, McDowd JM, Colgrove YM, Burns J, Pohl PS. Balance and gait of adults with very mild Alzheimer disease. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2015 Jan-Mar;38(1):1-7. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000020. PMID: 24755691; PMCID: PMC4632639.
Q.
How Can Foot Pain Lead to Difficulty Walking, and What Are the Solutions?
A.
Foot pain can make walking difficult by altering foot mechanics. Various treatments—including proper footwear, exercises, and orthotics—can help relieve pain and improve mobility.
References:
Halstead J, Munteanu SE. Current and future advances in practice: mechanical foot pain. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2023 Oct 31;7(3):rkad081. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkad081. PMID: 38091412; PMCID: PMC10712443.
Updated 2024 Jan 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431073/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431073/
Menz HB, Dufour AB, Katz P, Hannan MT. Foot Pain and Pronated Foot Type Are Associated with Self-Reported Mobility Limitations in Older Adults: The Framingham Foot Study. Gerontology. 2016;62(3):289-95. doi: 10.1159/000442089. Epub 2015 Dec 9. PMID: 26645379; PMCID: PMC4833542.
Q.
What Are the Common Treatments for Walking Difficulty?
A.
Common treatments for walking difficulty include physical therapy and exercises to build strength and balance, medications, and assistive devices like canes or braces for additional support.
References:
Blight AR. Treatment of walking impairment in multiple sclerosis with dalfampridine. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2011 Mar;4(2):99-109. doi: 10.1177/1756285611403960. PMID: 21694807; PMCID: PMC3105618.
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
Plummer P, Stewart A, Anderson JN. Patient and Clinician Perspectives of Physical Therapy for Walking Difficulties in Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Int. 2023 Feb 15;2023:1121051. doi: 10.1155/2023/1121051. PMID: 36844028; PMCID: PMC9946742.
Q.
What Are the Primary Causes of Difficulty Walking in the Elderly?
A.
Walking difficulties in older adults typically arise from problems with muscles, joints, balance, or brain function. Common causes include conditions like arthritis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and inner ear disorders that affect balance.
References:
Pirker W, Katzenschlager R. Gait disorders in adults and the elderly : A clinical guide. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017 Feb;129(3-4):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4. Epub 2016 Oct 21. PMID: 27770207; PMCID: PMC5318488.
Updated 2023 Jun 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560761/
Ataullah AHM, De Jesus O. Gait Disturbances. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
Jahn K, Kressig RW, Bridenbaugh SA, Brandt T, Schniepp R. Dizziness and Unstable Gait in Old Age: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015 Jun 5;112(23):387-93. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0387. PMID: 26157011; PMCID: PMC4498008.
Q.
Could COVID-19 Cause a Sudden Inability to Walk in Children?
A.
COVID-19 can cause sudden difficulty walking in children by affecting muscle strength and nerve coordination, though such cases are rare.
References:
Giraudo C, Fichera G, Pilati L, Cortinovis AL, Cavallin C, Bertin S, Zuliani M, Cecchin D. COVID-19 musculoskeletal involvement in children. Front Pediatr. 2023 May 19;11:1200877. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1200877. PMID: 37274814; PMCID: PMC10235627.
Singer TG, Evankovich KD, Fisher K, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Risen SR. Coronavirus Infections in the Nervous System of Children: A Scoping Review Making the Case for Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Surveillance. Pediatr Neurol. 2021 Apr;117:47-63. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.01.007. Epub 2021 Jan 29. PMID: 33676141; PMCID: PMC7988307.
Asadi-Pooya AA, Nemati M, Nemati H. 'Long COVID': Symptom persistence in children hospitalised for COVID-19. J Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Oct;58(10):1836-1840. doi: 10.1111/jpc.16120. Epub 2022 Jul 19. PMID: 35851732; PMCID: PMC9349535.
Q.
What Might Cause Me to Shuffle My Feet When Walking, and How Can It Be Corrected?
A.
Shuffling your feet while walking may stem from minor causes like ill-fitting footwear or from more serious coordination and balance issues. Physical therapy and other treatments can help improve your walking pattern.
References:
Yamaguchi T, Shibata K, Wada H, Kakehi H, Hokkirigawa K. Effect of foot-floor friction on the external moment about the body center of mass during shuffling gait: a pilot study. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 9;11(1):12133. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91683-5. PMID: 34108540; PMCID: PMC8190157.
Ashoori A, Eagleman DM, Jankovic J. Effects of Auditory Rhythm and Music on Gait Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol. 2015 Nov 11;6:234. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00234. PMID: 26617566; PMCID: PMC4641247.
Caserta AJ, Pacey V, Fahey M, Gray K, Engelbert RH, Williams CM. Interventions for idiopathic toe walking. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 6;10(10):CD012363. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012363.pub2. PMID: 31587271; PMCID: PMC6778693.
Q.
What Could Be Causing the Sensation That I Can't Walk Properly?
A.
There are several reasons why you might feel like you can’t walk properly. It could be related to problems with the brain, nerves, muscles, or joints.
References:
Pirker W, Katzenschlager R. Gait disorders in adults and the elderly : A clinical guide. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017 Feb;129(3-4):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4. Epub 2016 Oct 21. PMID: 27770207; PMCID: PMC5318488.
Updated 2024 Feb 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554393/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554393/
Updated 2023 May 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430745/
Q.
What Causes Shuffling When Walking in the Elderly, and How Can It Be Addressed?
A.
Shuffling gait in older adults can stem from age-related changes or medical conditions affecting the brain and nervous system. Treatment options include physical therapy, medical management, and home safety measures.
References:
Briggs R, O'Neill D. Vascular gait dyspraxia. Clin Med (Lond). 2014 Apr;14(2):200-2. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.14-2-200. PMID: 24715135; PMCID: PMC4953295.
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
Jahn K, Kressig RW, Bridenbaugh SA, Brandt T, Schniepp R. Dizziness and Unstable Gait in Old Age: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015 Jun 5;112(23):387-93. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0387. PMID: 26157011; PMCID: PMC4498008.
Q.
What Are the Risks of Walking on a Sprained Ankle?
A.
Walking on a sprained ankle can worsen the injury, delay healing, and potentially cause long-term joint instability.
References:
Updated 2023 May 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459212/
Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560619/
Delahunt E, Remus A. Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability. J Athl Train. 2019 Jun;54(6):611-616. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-44-18. Epub 2019 Jun 4. PMID: 31161942; PMCID: PMC6602396.
Q.
What Treatments Are Available for a Waddling Gait?
A.
Treatment for a waddling gait is determined by its underlying cause. Options include physical therapy, assistive devices, or—in rare cases—surgery.
References:
Sharma A, Sinha S, Narang A, Chouhan DK, Gupta S. Waddling Gait: A complication of valproate therapy and a thought beyond vitamin D deficiency. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2020 Feb;20(1):e104-e108. doi: 10.18295/squmj.2020.20.01.016. Epub 2020 Mar 9. PMID: 32190378; PMCID: PMC7065696.
Ruzbarsky JJ, Scher D, Dodwell E. Toe walking: causes, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016 Feb;28(1):40-6. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000302. PMID: 26709689.
Updated 2024 Feb 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541094/
Q.
What Might Cause a Sudden Inability to Walk Straight?
A.
A sudden inability to walk straight can stem from problems with balance or muscle control, possibly due to conditions affecting the brain or other body systems.
References:
Nutt JG, Bloem BR, Giladi N, Hallett M, Horak FB, Nieuwboer A. Freezing of gait: moving forward on a mysterious clinical phenomenon. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Aug;10(8):734-44. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70143-0. PMID: 21777828; PMCID: PMC7293393.
Raccagni C, Nonnekes J, Bloem BR, Peball M, Boehme C, Seppi K, Wenning GK. Gait and postural disorders in parkinsonism: a clinical approach. J Neurol. 2020 Nov;267(11):3169-3176. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09382-1. Epub 2019 May 22. PMID: 31119450; PMCID: PMC7578144.
Ashizawa T, Xia G. Ataxia. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016 Aug;22(4 Movement Disorders):1208-26. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000362. PMID: 27495205; PMCID: PMC5567218.
Q.
What Are the Differences between a Waddling Gait and a Trendelenburg Gait?
A.
A Trendelenburg gait results from weakness in one hip muscle, causing the pelvis to drop on the opposite side, while a waddling gait stems from weakness in both hips, leading to a distinctive side-to-side swaying motion while walking.
References:
Updated 2024 Feb 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541094/
Gogu S, Gandbhir VN. Trendelenburg Sign. [Updated 2022 Nov 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555987/
Maricelli JW, Lu QL, Lin DC, Rodgers BD. Trendelenburg-Like Gait, Instability and Altered Step Patterns in a Mouse Model for Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2i. PLoS One. 2016 Sep 14;11(9):e0161984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161984. PMID: 27627455; PMCID: PMC5023177.
Q.
What Steps Should Be Taken If I Can Barely Walk?
A.
If you can barely walk, consult your healthcare provider to determine the cause and create a treatment plan.
References:
Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Brown WJ, Clemes SA, De Cocker K, Giles-Corti B, Hatano Y, Inoue S, Matsudo SM, Mutrie N, Oppert JM, Rowe DA, Schmidt MD, Schofield GM, Spence JC, Teixeira PJ, Tully MA, Blair SN. How many steps/day are enough? For adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 Jul 28;8:79. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-79. PMID: 21798015; PMCID: PMC3197470.
Tudor-Locke C. Steps to Better Cardiovascular Health: How Many Steps Does It Take to Achieve Good Health and How Confident Are We in This Number? Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2010 Jul;4(4):271-276. doi: 10.1007/s12170-010-0109-5. Epub 2010 Apr 30. PMID: 20672110; PMCID: PMC2894114.
Lu Q, Wang SM, Liu YX, Chen H, Zhang R, Zhang WH, Zou YY, Zhou JW, Guo XY, Zhang Y, Huang TL, Liu YH, Zhang SQ, Yamanishi K, Yamanishi H, Higashino H, Okamura H. Low-intensity walking as mild medication for pressure control in prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects: how far shall we wander? Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2019 Aug;40(8):1119-1126. doi: 10.1038/s41401-018-0202-8. Epub 2019 Feb 13. PMID: 30760834; PMCID: PMC6786431.
Q.
Why Do Some Pregnant Individuals Develop a Waddling Gait?
A.
Pregnant individuals develop a waddling gait as their bodies adapt to maintain balance with added weight and a shifted center of gravity.
References:
Abedzadehzavareh Z, Catena RD. The role of waddling gait in balance control during pregnancy. Gait Posture. 2025 Feb;116:16-21. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.11.015. Epub 2024 Nov 22. PMID: 39603180.
Li X, Lu Z, Cen X, Zhou Y, Xuan R, Sun D, Gu Y. Effect of pregnancy on female gait characteristics: a pilot study based on portable gait analyzer and induced acceleration analysis. Front Physiol. 2023 May 16;14:1034132. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1034132. PMID: 37260595; PMCID: PMC10227621.
McCrory JL, Chambers AJ, Daftary A, Redfern MS. The pregnant "waddle": an evaluation of torso kinematics in pregnancy. J Biomech. 2014 Sep 22;47(12):2964-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.07.009. Epub 2014 Jul 30. PMID: 25108664.
Q.
What Are Common Causes of Walking Problems in Adults?
A.
Walking problems in adults typically stem from issues affecting the brain, nerves, muscles, joints, or inner ear balance system.
References:
Kozlow P, Abid N, Yanushkevich S. Gait Type Analysis Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks. Sensors (Basel). 2018 Oct 4;18(10):3329. doi: 10.3390/s18103329. PMID: 30287787; PMCID: PMC6210198.
Pirker W, Katzenschlager R. Gait disorders in adults and the elderly : A clinical guide. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017 Feb;129(3-4):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4. Epub 2016 Oct 21. PMID: 27770207; PMCID: PMC5318488.
Jahn K, Kressig RW, Bridenbaugh SA, Brandt T, Schniepp R. Dizziness and Unstable Gait in Old Age: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015 Jun 5;112(23):387-93. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0387. PMID: 26157011; PMCID: PMC4498008.
Q.
What Are the Common Causes of a Waddling Gait?
A.
A waddling gait typically results from weak hip and pelvic muscles. While this gait pattern occurs naturally during pregnancy, it can also indicate underlying neuromuscular or musculoskeletal conditions.
References:
Sharma A, Sinha S, Narang A, Chouhan DK, Gupta S. Waddling Gait: A complication of valproate therapy and a thought beyond vitamin D deficiency. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2020 Feb;20(1):e104-e108. doi: 10.18295/squmj.2020.20.01.016. Epub 2020 Mar 9. PMID: 32190378; PMCID: PMC7065696.
Menger H, Pfingsten H, Hintze G, Köbberling J, Jörg J. Seltene Differentialdiagnose des Watschelgangs-Osteomalazie durch Vitamin-D-Mangel [A rare differential diagnosis of waddling gait--osteomalacia caused by vitamin D deficiency]. Nervenarzt. 1993 Jun;64(6):407-10. German. PMID: 8392665.
Ataullah AHM, De Jesus O. Gait Disturbances. 2024 Apr 20. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 32809445.
Q.
How Does Multiple Sclerosis Contribute to Difficulty Walking Down Stairs?
A.
Multiple sclerosis can weaken leg muscles and affect balance, making it harder for people to walk down stairs safely.
References:
Cameron MH, Nilsagard Y. Balance, gait, and falls in multiple sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;159:237-250. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00015-X. PMID: 30482317.
Kline PW, Christiansen CL, Hager ER, Alvarez E, Mañago MM. Movement compensations during a step ascent task are associated with stair climbing performance in people with multiple sclerosis. Gait Posture. 2021 Jun;87:27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.022. Epub 2021 Apr 15. PMID: 33878510; PMCID: PMC8441993.
Sieljacks PS, Søberg CA, Michelsen AS, Dalgas U, Hvid LG. Lower extremity muscle strength across the adult lifespan in multiple sclerosis: Implications for walking and stair climbing capacity. Exp Gerontol. 2020 Oct 1;139:111025. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111025. Epub 2020 Jul 24. PMID: 32712158.
Q.
What Is the Medical Definition of an Abnormal Gait?
A.
“Abnormal gait” is a medical term that describes any walking pattern deviating from the normal sequence of body balance, foot strike, and arm swing.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560610/
Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559243/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559243/
Verghese J, LeValley A, Hall CB, Katz MJ, Ambrose AF, Lipton RB. Epidemiology of gait disorders in community-residing older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Feb;54(2):255-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00580.x. PMID: 16460376; PMCID: PMC1403740.
Q.
What Are the Common Reasons for Difficulty Walking After Spinal Fusion Surgery?
A.
After spinal fusion surgery, many patients experience difficulty walking due to post-operative pain, muscle weakness, and limited mobility. Gradually increasing gentle activity and building strength helps improve walking ability over time.
References:
Quek JMT, Tan J, Toh I, Chen JL, Yeo W, Chia R, Ang A, Pua YH. Factors Associated with Pain Intensity and Walking Disability After Lumbar Fusion: A Longitudinal Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2022 Apr 15;47(8):597-606. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004324. Epub 2022 Jan 19. PMID: 35066535.
Gilmore SJ, Hahne AJ, Davidson M, McClelland JA. Physical activity patterns of patients immediately after lumbar surgery. Disabil Rehabil. 2020 Dec;42(26):3793-3799. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1610512. Epub 2019 May 15. PMID: 31088180.
Gilmore S, McClelland JA, Davidson M. Does walking after lumbar spinal surgery predict recovery of function at six months? Protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Nov 14;17(1):472. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1296-0. PMID: 27842523; PMCID: PMC5109719.
Q.
How Does Sciatica Lead to Struggling with Walking, and What Can Be Done about It?
A.
Sciatica occurs when a nerve in your lower back becomes irritated, causing leg pain and weakness that make walking difficult. Treatment options—including physical therapy, medications, and injections—can help reduce pain and improve mobility.
References:
Davis D, Maini K, Taqi M, et al. Sciatica. [Updated 2024 Jan 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507908/
Fairag M, Kurdi R, Alkathiry A, Alghamdi N, Alshehri R, Alturkistany FO, Almutairi A, Mansory M, Alhamed M, Alzahrani A, Alhazmi A. Risk Factors, Prevention, and Primary and Secondary Management of Sciatica: An Updated Overview. Cureus. 2022 Nov 12;14(11):e31405. doi: 10.7759/cureus.31405. PMID: 36514653; PMCID: PMC9743914.
Koes BW, van Tulder MW, Peul WC. Diagnosis and treatment of sciatica. BMJ. 2007 Jun 23;334(7607):1313-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39223.428495.BE. PMID: 17585160; PMCID: PMC1895638.
Q.
How Can Back Surgery Lead to Difficulty Walking, and How Long Does It Last?
A.
Back surgery can cause difficulty walking due to nerve irritation, muscle weakness, or pain. Recovery typically takes several months, with most patients seeing improvement by six months.
References:
McIlroy S, Jadhakhan F, Bell D, Rushton A. Prediction of walking ability following posterior decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis. Eur Spine J. 2021 Nov;30(11):3307-3318. doi: 10.1007/s00586-021-06938-6. Epub 2021 Aug 5. PMID: 34351524; PMCID: PMC8550110.
Quek JMT, Tan J, Toh I, Chen JL, Yeo W, Chia R, Ang A, Pua YH. Factors Associated with Pain Intensity and Walking Disability After Lumbar Fusion: A Longitudinal Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2022 Apr 15;47(8):597-606. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004324. Epub 2022 Jan 19. PMID: 35066535.
Gilmore S, McClelland JA, Davidson M. Does walking after lumbar spinal surgery predict recovery of function at six months? Protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Nov 14;17(1):472. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1296-0. PMID: 27842523; PMCID: PMC5109719.
Q.
What Are Potential Causes for a Sudden Inability to Walk?
A.
A sudden inability to walk typically results from problems affecting the brain, nerves, muscles, or joints—and requires prompt evaluation by a healthcare professional.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547672/
Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559243/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559243/
Updated 2024 Feb 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554393/
Q.
What Symptoms Accompany the Inability to Walk Straight?
A.
Difficulty walking in a straight line often occurs alongside other symptoms such as dizziness and frequent falls.
References:
Briggs R, O'Neill D. Vascular gait dyspraxia. Clin Med (Lond). 2014 Apr;14(2):200-2. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.14-2-200. PMID: 24715135; PMCID: PMC4953295.
Ashizawa T, Xia G. Ataxia. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016 Aug;22(4 Movement Disorders):1208-26. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000362. PMID: 27495205; PMCID: PMC5567218.
Pirker W, Katzenschlager R. Gait disorders in adults and the elderly : A clinical guide. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017 Feb;129(3-4):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4. Epub 2016 Oct 21. PMID: 27770207; PMCID: PMC5318488.
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https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1Thompson PD, Nutt JG. Gait disorders. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 25.
Magee DJ, Manske RC. Assessment of gait. In: Magee DJ, Manske RC, eds. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 7th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2021:chap 14.