Perineum Lump
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Lump on perineum
Lump near anus
Bump on perineal area
Perianal abscess
Perineal pain
Perianal bump
Pimple near anus
Tailbone pain when sitting
Boil near anus
Discomfort when sitting
Lump between vagina and anus
Lump between scrotum and anus
About the Symptom
The perineum is the space between the anus and scrotum in the male, or between the anus and the vulva in the female. Tumors in the perineum are rare and can feel like a painless lump which may be soft, firm or hard.
Possible Causes
Generally, Perineum lump can be related to:
- Condyloma Acuminatum
Often referred to as genital warts, this sexually transmitted infection is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), and presents as small skin coloured bumps in the groin or perianal area. HPV is very common in women and men who have ever had sex - four out of five people will have HPV at some point in their lives, and most won't even know it.
- Papillary Hidradenoma
This is a non-cancerous tumor found most commonly on the vulva, in the female genital area. It presents as a firm, skin-red colored bump that is slow-growing. It can ulcerate and cause symptoms. Exact cause is unknown.
- Infection After Perineal Laceration Repair
When delivering a baby vaginally, it is common to have a tear in the perineum (the area between the anus and vulva). Depending on the type of tear, they can require stitches to repair and take some time to heal. Due to the good blood supply in that area, most of these will heal well and have no complications. Sometimes however, the stitches and wound may become infected, causing the area to be red, swollen, and painful. The wound may also open up as a result.
- Genital Rashes
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa
- Genital Herpes
- Behcet's Disease
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Do you feel any lumps between the genital and anus?
- How long have you had a lump in the space between the genitals and anus?
- How has the lump in your space between the genitals and anus changed over time?
Reviewed By:
Carlos Cuenca, MD (General Surgery)
Dr. Cuenca graduated from Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. He is currently a categorical surgical resident at UC Davis Health.
Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)
Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.
Content updated on Jan 29, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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- A lump/lumps in the space between the genital and anus
- Lump in the space between the genitals and anus
- Mass in the perineum
- Perineal lump/bump
- Perineal mass
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FAQs
Q.
What Are the Symptoms and Treatment Options for a Perianal Abscess?
A.
A perianal abscess is an infection near the anus that causes pain, redness, and swelling, and it is treated by draining the pus and sometimes using antibiotics.
References:
Sigmon DF, Emmanuel B, Tuma F. Perianal Abscess. [Updated 2023 Jun 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Amato A, Bottini C, De Nardi P, Giamundo P, Lauretta A, Realis Luc A, Piloni V. Evaluation and management of perianal abscess and anal fistula: SICCR position statement. Tech Coloproctol. 2020 Feb;24(2):127-143. doi: 10.1007/s10151-019-02144-1. Epub 2020 Jan 23. PMID: 31974827.
Malik AI, Nelson RL, Tou S. Incision and drainage of perianal abscess with or without treatment of anal fistula. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jul 7;(7):CD006827. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006827.pub2. PMID: 20614450.
Q.
What Are the Possible Causes of a Bump on the Vaginal Area, and How Can It Be Prevented?
A.
There are several causes of vaginal bumps, including gland cysts like a Bartholin gland cyst, genital warts from HPV, and other less common growths. You can help prevent some of these by practicing good hygiene, safe sex, and regular check-ups.
References:
Lee WA, Wittler M. Bartholin Gland Cyst. [Updated 2023 Jul 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Kumar S. Genital Warts. [Updated 2023 May 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Seppings SC, Samir H, Abdelrahman I. An unusual vaginal lump. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Feb 13;2017:bcr2016218027. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218027. PMID: 28193643; PMCID: PMC5318585.
Q.
Why Does My Tailbone Hurt When Sitting, and What Can Be Done to Alleviate the Pain?
A.
Your tailbone can hurt from too much pressure, injury, or poor posture when sitting, and using a cushion or adjusting your seating habits may help ease the pain.
References:
Sandrasegaram N, Gupta R, Baloch M. Diagnosis and management of sacrococcygeal pain. BJA Educ. 2020 Mar;20(3):74-79. doi: 10.1016/j.bjae.2019.11.004. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PMID: 33456933; PMCID: PMC7807997.
Mabrouk A, Alloush A, Foye P. Coccyx Pain. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Lin CH, Wu SY, Hu WL, Hung CH, Hung YC, Aurea Kuo CE. Laser acupuncture for refractory coccydynia after traumatic coccyx fracture: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Feb;99(6):e18860. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018860. PMID: 32028396; PMCID: PMC7015655.
Q.
What Are the Common Causes of Perineal Pain, and How Can It Be Managed Effectively?
A.
Perineal pain is often caused by childbirth-related tears or an episiotomy, and it can be managed with pain medications like NSAIDs, cold packs, sitz baths, and proper rest.
References:
Luxey X, Lemoine A, Dewinter G, Joshi GP, Le Ray C, Raeder J, Van de Velde M, Bonnet MP; PROSPECT Working Group of the European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy. Acute pain management after vaginal delivery with perineal tears or episiotomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Jun 14:rapm-2024-105478. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2024-105478. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38772634.
Wuytack F, Smith V, Cleary BJ. Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 11;1(1):CD011352. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011352.pub3. PMID: 33427305; PMCID: PMC8092572.
Achariyapota V, Titapant V. Relieving perineal pain after perineorrhaphy by diclofenac rectal suppositories: a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008 Jun;91(6):799-804. PMID: 18697376.
Q.
What Could a Lump Near the Anus Indicate in Males, and When Is Medical Evaluation Necessary?
A.
A lump near the anus in males can show many things, ranging from common issues like hemorrhoids or infections, to rarer concerns such as lymphoma or metastasis. See a doctor if the lump is persistent, growing, painful, or accompanied by other symptoms.
References:
Burkes RL, Meyer PR, Gill PS, Parker JW, Rasheed S, Levine AM. Rectal lymphoma in homosexual men. Arch Intern Med. 1986 May;146(5):913-5. PMID: 3457557.
Yuhan R, Orsay C, DelPino A, Pearl R, Pulvirenti J, Kay S, Abcarian H. Anorectal disease in HIV-infected patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998 Nov;41(11):1367-70. doi: 10.1007/BF02237051. PMID: 9823801.
Bardac OD, Baciu AB, Bogdan-Duică IS. Anal Metastasis from Lung Cancer: Report of a Case and Systematic Review of the Literature. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2020 Sept-Oct;115(5):681-689. doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.115.5.681. PMID: 33138907.
Q.
What Should I Do If I Discover a Hard Lump under the Skin Near My Anus?
A.
If you find a hard lump under the skin near your anus, it could be things like an abscess, a cyst, or even hardened hemorrhoids. It's a good idea to have it checked by your healthcare provider to make sure you get the right treatment.
References:
Whiteford MH. Perianal abscess/fistula disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007 May;20(2):102-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-977488. PMID: 20011384; PMCID: PMC2780182.
Bendewald FP, Cima RR. Pilonidal disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007 May;20(2):86-95. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-977486. PMID: 20011382; PMCID: PMC2780177.
Acheson AG, Scholefield JH. Management of haemorrhoids. BMJ. 2008 Feb 16;336(7640):380-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39465.674745.80. PMID: 18276714; PMCID: PMC2244760.
Q.
How Should a Pimple Near the Anus Be Treated to Prevent Infection?
A.
Keep the area clean and avoid picking the pimple; using warm compresses and gentle over-the-counter treatments can help prevent infection.
References:
Sutaria AH, Masood S, Saleh HM, et al. Acne Vulgaris. [Updated 2023 Aug 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Duldulao PM, Ortega AE, Delgadillo X. Mycotic and Bacterial Infections. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019 Sep;32(5):333-339. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1687828. Epub 2019 Sep 6. PMID: 31507342; PMCID: PMC6731118.
Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Boils and carbuncles. [Updated 2022 Nov 22]
Q.
What Are the Potential Causes of a Lump Near the Anus, and How Can They Be Differentiated?
A.
A lump near the anus can be caused by swollen veins (hemorrhoids), an infection (perirectal abscess), or even a tumor, and doctors use things like a physical exam and sometimes imaging or a biopsy to tell them apart.
References:
Leonard D, Beddy D, Dozois EJ. Neoplasms of anal canal and perianal skin. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2011 Mar;24(1):54-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1272824. PMID: 22379406; PMCID: PMC3140334.
Fontem RF, Eyvazzadeh D. Internal Hemorrhoid. [Updated 2023 Jul 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Turner SV, Singh J. Perirectal Abscess. [Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
Can a Lump on the Perineum Be a Sign of Cancer, and What Are the Warning Signs to Look For?
A.
While most lumps on the perineum are not cancer, in some cases, they can be a sign of cancer. Warning signs include changes in the lump's size, shape, or color, persistent pain, bleeding, or non-healing lesions.
References:
Boaz E, Freund MR, Harbi A, Dagan A, Gilshtein H, Reissman P, Yellinek S. Anorectal Malignancies Presenting as a Perianal Abscess or Fistula. Am Surg. 2023 Jun;89(6):2572-2576. doi: 10.1177/00031348221101481. Epub 2022 May 27. PMID: 35621130.
Deckers C, Dumitru L, Corbisier F. Perineal aggressive angiomyxoma in a menopausal woman. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Dec 7;2017:bcr2017222622. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222622. PMID: 29222207; PMCID: PMC5728223.
Wang X, Yang H, Zhang H, Shi T, Ren W. Transvaginal sonographic features of perineal masses in the female lower urogenital tract: a retrospective study of 71 patients. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jun;43(6):702-10. doi: 10.1002/uog.13251. PMID: 24254259.
Q.
What Are the Common Causes of a Perineum Lump in Females, and How Are They Diagnosed?
A.
A lump on the perineum in females can be caused by benign conditions such as an epidermoid cyst, endometriosis, or a soft-tissue tumor like a myoma, and doctors usually diagnose these with a physical exam, imaging tests, and sometimes a tissue biopsy.
References:
Saeed U, Mazhar N. Epidermoid cyst of perineum: a rare case in a young female. BJR Case Rep. 2016 Oct 7;3(1):20150352. doi: 10.1259/bjrcr.20150352. PMID: 30363255; PMCID: PMC6159278.
Nasu K, Okamoto M, Nishida M, Narahara H. Endometriosis of the perineum. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013 May;39(5):1095-7. doi: 10.1111/jog.12003. Epub 2013 Mar 17. PMID: 23496239.
Ben Haj Hassine MA, Arfaoui R, Siala H, Trabelsi H, Rachdi R. Soft-tissue tumor of the perineum: an exceptional case of bilateral perineal myoma. Clin Case Rep. 2015 Feb;3(2):99-101. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.164. Epub 2014 Nov 17. PMID: 25767706; PMCID: PMC4352362.
Q.
What Could a Lump Inside the Anus Indicate, and How Is It Typically Treated?
A.
A lump inside the anus can be due to common issues like hemorrhoids, especially if a clot has formed, or less commonly, other causes such as an abscess or even a tumor. It is important to have it checked by a doctor if it is painful, persistent, or changing
References:
Greenspon J, Williams SB, Young HA, Orkin BA. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids: outcome after conservative or surgical management. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Sep;47(9):1493-8. doi: 10.1007/s10350-004-0607-y. Epub 2004 Aug 12. PMID: 15486746.
Boaz E, Freund MR, Harbi A, Dagan A, Gilshtein H, Reissman P, Yellinek S. Anorectal Malignancies Presenting as a Perianal Abscess or Fistula. Am Surg. 2023 Jun;89(6):2572-2576. doi: 10.1177/00031348221101481. Epub 2022 May 27. PMID: 35621130.
Bertagni A, Vagliasindi A, Ascari Raccagni A, Valmori L, Verdecchia GM. Perianal Bowen's disease: a case report and review of the literature [Perianal Bowen's disease: a case report and review of the literature]. Tumori. 2003 Jul-Aug;89(4 Suppl):16-8. Italian. PMID: 12903534.
Bardac OD, Baciu AB, Bogdan-Duică IS. Anal Metastasis from Lung Cancer: Report of a Case and Systematic Review of the Literature. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2020 Sept-Oct;115(5):681-689. doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.115.5.681. PMID: 33138907.
Q.
Why Might I Experience Leg Pain When Sitting but Not When Walking, and How Can It Be Relieved?
A.
Leg pain when sitting can happen when nerves or blood vessels are under pressure from sitting in one position for too long, and this discomfort might be relieved by adjusting your posture, taking breaks, and doing gentle stretches.
References:
Goldman SM, Funk JD, Christensen VM. Spinal stenosis. A common cause of podiatric symptoms. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1997 Mar;87(3):117-24. doi: 10.7547/87507315-87-3-117. PMID: 9086718.
Hu MH, Wu KW, Jian YM, Wang CT, Wu IH, Yang SH. Vascular compression syndrome of sciatic nerve caused by gluteal varicosities. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010 Nov;24(8):1134.e1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2010.02.043. Epub 2010 May 15. PMID: 20472387.
Sontag SJ, Wanner JN. The cause of leg cramps and knee pains: an hypothesis and effective treatment. Med Hypotheses. 1988 Jan;25(1):35-41. doi: 10.1016/0306-9877(88)90044-8. PMID: 3343944.
Q.
What Are the Possible Causes of a Hard Lump on the Anus, and Should It Be Biopsied?
A.
A hard lump on the anus can be caused by conditions ranging from benign growths to premalignant or malignant lesions, and if it appears suspicious, a biopsy is often recommended to determine its nature.
References:
Sahai A, Kodner IJ. Premalignant neoplasms and squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2006 May;19(2):88-93. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-942349. PMID: 20011315; PMCID: PMC2780101.
Leonard D, Beddy D, Dozois EJ. Neoplasms of anal canal and perianal skin. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2011 Mar;24(1):54-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1272824. PMID: 22379406; PMCID: PMC3140334.
Abbass MA, Valente MA. Premalignant and Malignant Perianal Lesions. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019 Sep;32(5):386-393. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1687835. Epub 2019 Aug 22. PMID: 31507349; PMCID: PMC6731115.
Q.
What Should I Do If I Find a Lump between My Vagina and Anus?
A.
A lump between the vagina and anus can have different causes, and it’s important to have it examined by a doctor to ensure proper care, especially if it is painful, growing, or changing.
References:
Seppings SC, Samir H, Abdelrahman I. An unusual vaginal lump. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Feb 13;2017:bcr2016218027. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218027. PMID: 28193643; PMCID: PMC5318585.
Wallace S, Gurland B. Approaching Combined Rectal and Vaginal Prolapse. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2022 Jan 17;34(5):302-310. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1726351. PMID: 35069022; PMCID: PMC8763579.
Orkin BA, Smith LE. Perineal manifestations of HIV infection. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992 Apr;35(4):310-4. doi: 10.1007/BF02048106. PMID: 1582350.
Q.
What Are the Best Home Remedies for Treating a Pimple Near the Anus in Females?
A.
A pimple near the anus can be a minor skin issue often caused by blocked pores or mild irritation. Gentle home care—like cleaning with warm water, using warm compresses, and applying mild over-the-counter treatments—may help, but seek medical care if it worsens or shows signs of infection.
References:
Powell PR, Garza-Chapa JI, Susa JS, Weis SE. Perianal Comedones: A Rare Incidental Finding. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2017;2017:9019682. doi: 10.1155/2017/9019682. Epub 2017 Dec 31. PMID: 29464128; PMCID: PMC5804107.
Asgeirsson T, Nunoo R, Luchtefeld MA. Hidradenitis suppurativa and pruritus ani. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2011 Mar;24(1):71-80. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1272826. PMID: 22379408; PMCID: PMC3140336.
Tan AU, Schlosser BJ, Paller AS. A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2017 Dec 23;4(2):56-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.10.006. PMID: 29872679; PMCID: PMC5986265.
Q.
What Are the Common Causes of Perineal Pain in Men, and How Is It Treated?
A.
Perineal pain in men is often related to issues like chronic prostatitis, pelvic floor muscle tension, or chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Treatment usually includes lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes physical therapy to help ease the pain but should be evaluated by a physician.
References:
Andromanakos NP, Kouraklis G, Alkiviadis K. Chronic perineal pain: current pathophysiological aspects, diagnostic approaches and treatment. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Jan;23(1):2-7. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834164f6. PMID: 21079515.
Schaeffer AJ. Etiology and management of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men. Urology. 2004 Mar;63(3 Suppl 1):75-84. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2003.11.002. PMID: 15013657.
Strauss AC, Dimitrakov JD. New treatments for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Nat Rev Urol. 2010 Mar;7(3):127-35. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2010.4. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20142810; PMCID: PMC2837110.
Q.
What Are the Symptoms and Treatment Options for a Perianal Tumor?
A.
Perianal tumors can show up as lumps near the anus and may cause symptoms like bleeding, pain, or changes in the skin. Treatment depends on whether the tumor is benign, premalignant, or malignant and might include surgery, radiation, or other therapies.
References:
Wietfeldt ED, Thiele J. Malignancies of the anal margin and perianal skin. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2009 May;22(2):127-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1223845. PMID: 20436838; PMCID: PMC2780245.
Abbass MA, Valente MA. Premalignant and Malignant Perianal Lesions. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019 Sep;32(5):386-393. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1687835. Epub 2019 Aug 22. PMID: 31507349; PMCID: PMC6731115.
Tsai TY, Liao CK, Zhang BY, Huang YL, Tsai WS, You JF, Yeh CY, Hsieh PS. Perianal Basal Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Real-World Data. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 May 8;13(9):1650. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13091650. PMID: 37175041; PMCID: PMC10178443.
Q.
What Could a Bump Next to the Anus Mean, and How Is It Typically Evaluated?
A.
A bump next to the anus might be an external hemorrhoid or a small abscess, and it is usually checked with a physical exam by your healthcare provider.
References:
Lawrence A, McLaren ER. External Hemorrhoid. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Sigmon DF, Emmanuel B, Tuma F. Perianal Abscess. [Updated 2023 Jun 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Aldean H, Pantling A, Raja MA. A painful buttock lump: common complaint, rare diagnosis. JRSM Short Rep. 2010 Aug 31;1(3):26. doi: 10.1258/shorts.2010.010046. PMID: 21103118; PMCID: PMC2984350.
Q.
What Are the Treatment Options for a Lump on the Perineum?
A.
A lump on the perineum can be caused by infections, abnormal tissue growths, or congenital issues. Treatment can range from medications and minor procedures to surgical removal, depending on the cause.
References:
Shaul DB, Monforte HL, Levitt MA, Hong AR, Peña A. Surgical management of perineal masses in patients with anorectal malformations. J Pediatr Surg. 2005 Jan;40(1):188-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.09.027. PMID: 15868583.
Hanief MR, Yongue G, Leff D, Lamb BW, Karim S, Aref F, Vashisht R. A painful perineal lump: an unusual case of ectopic breast tissue. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2011 Oct;93(7):e147-8. doi: 10.1308/147870811X602186. PMID: 22004627; PMCID: PMC5827000.
Sigmon DF, Emmanuel B, Tuma F. Perianal Abscess. [Updated 2023 Jun 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
Why Does My Tailbone Hurt When Doing Sit-Ups, and How Can I Prevent This?
A.
Your tailbone might hurt during sit-ups because the exercise puts extra pressure on it, and changing your technique or using cushion support can help reduce discomfort.
References:
Fogel GR, Cunningham PY 3rd, Esses SI. Coccygodynia: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004 Jan-Feb;12(1):49-54. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200401000-00007. PMID: 14753797.
Augeard N, Carroll SP. Core stability and low-back pain: a causal fallacy. J Exerc Rehabil. 2019 Jun 30;15(3):493-495. doi: 10.12965/jer.1938198.099. PMID: 31316947; PMCID: PMC6614774.
Garg B, Ahuja K. Coccydynia-A comprehensive review on etiology, radiological features and management options. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jan;12(1):123-129. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.09.025. Epub 2020 Sep 24. Erratum in: J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Oct;21:101561. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101561. PMID: 33716437; PMCID: PMC7920198.
Q.
What Causes Hip Pain When Sitting Cross-Legged on the Floor, and How Can It Be Alleviated?
A.
Hip pain when sitting cross-legged can result from tight muscles, such as the piriformis, or extra stress on your hip and nearby joints. Stretching, adjusting your sitting position, and using support can often help ease the discomfort.
References:
Snijders CJ, Hermans PF, Kleinrensink GJ. Functional aspects of cross-legged sitting with special attention to piriformis muscles and sacroiliac joints. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2006 Feb;21(2):116-21. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.09.002. Epub 2005 Nov 2. PMID: 16260074.
Hopayian K, Song F, Riera R, Sambandan S. The clinical features of the piriformis syndrome: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2010 Dec;19(12):2095-109. doi: 10.1007/s00586-010-1504-9. Epub 2010 Jul 3. PMID: 20596735; PMCID: PMC2997212.
Farazdaghi MR, Motealleh A, Abtahi F, Panjan A, Šarabon N, Ghaffarinejad F. Effect of sacroiliac manipulation on postural sway in quiet standing: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2018 Mar-Apr;22(2):120-126. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.09.002. Epub 2017 Sep 8. PMID: 28993042; PMCID: PMC5883953.
Q.
What Should Be Done If a Small Lump Is Found Near the Anus?
A.
If you find a small lump near the anus, it's important to have it checked by a healthcare provider to make sure it isn’t a sign of something more serious, such as an infection or, rarely, a malignancy.
References:
Wietfeldt ED, Thiele J. Malignancies of the anal margin and perianal skin. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2009 May;22(2):127-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1223845. PMID: 20436838; PMCID: PMC2780245.
Sigmon DF, Emmanuel B, Tuma F. Perianal Abscess. [Updated 2023 Jun 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65930/
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