Myasthenia Gravis Quiz
Check your symptoms and
find possible causes with AI for free
Worried about your symptoms?
Start the Myasthenia Gravis test with our free AI Symptom Checker.
This will help us personalize your assessment.
By starting the symptom checker, you agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use
Hands and arms get very tired when brushing teeth
Symptoms worse at the end of the day
Drooping eyelids
Fatigued
Eye problems
Tingling
There is hoarse voice in the evening
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a condition characterized by the immune system producing abnormal antibodies that block muscles from receiving nerve signals. This results in muscle weakness and easy fatigue, as well as double vision, drooping eyelids, facial weakness or hoarseness.
Typical Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis
- Double vision
- Drooping eyelids
- Eyes point in different directions i.e. squint or cross-eyes
- Fatigue or low energy that worsens in the evening
- Fatigue or low energy that varies throughout the day
- Fatigue or low energy that worsens with daily activities (e.g. brushing teeth) and improves with rest
- Fatigue or low energy
- Vision problems
Diagnostic Questions for Myasthenia Gravis
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Are you experiencing double vision?
- Have you been experiencing drooping of your eyelids?
- Do your eyes squint or cross?
- Do you experience fatigue or low energy that worsens in the evening?
- Do you experience fatigue or low energy that varies throughout the day?
Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis
There is no cure for myasthenia gravis, but various treatments, used alone or in combination, can relieve symptoms. Medications can improve nerve signal transmission to muscles, suppress the abnormal immune reaction, or decrease symptoms. Physical therapy is helpful for reducing symptoms as well. Myasthenia gravis is also associated with thymus gland tumors, which can be surgically removed.
Reviewed By:
Benjamin Kummer, MD (Neurology)
Dr Kummer is Assistant Professor of Neurology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), with joint appointment in Digital and Technology Partners (DTP) at the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) as Director of Clinical Informatics in Neurology. As a triple-board certified practicing stroke neurologist and informaticist, he has successfully improved clinical operations at the point of care by acting as a central liaison between clinical neurology faculty and DTP teams to implement targeted EHR configuration changes and workflows, as well as providing subject matter expertise on health information technology projects across MSHS. | Dr Kummer also has several years’ experience building and implementing several informatics tools, presenting scientific posters, and generating a body of peer-reviewed work in “clinical neuro-informatics” – i.e., the intersection of clinical neurology, digital health, and informatics – much of which is centered on digital/tele-health, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. He has spearheaded the Clinical Neuro-Informatics Center in the Department of Neurology at ISMMS, a new research institute that seeks to establish the field of clinical neuro-informatics and disseminate knowledge to the neurological community on the effects and benefits of clinical informatics tools at the point of care.
Shohei Harase, MD (Neurology)
Dr. Harase spent his junior and senior high school years in Finland and the U.S. After graduating from the University of Washington (Bachelor of Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology), he worked for Apple Japan Inc. before entering the University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, where he received the Best Resident Award in 2016 and 2017. In 2021, he joined the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, specializing in hyperacute stroke.
Content updated on Mar 31, 2024
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
Was this page helpful?
Tell your friends about us.
We would love to help them too.
Think you might have
Myasthenia Gravis?
Try a symptom check testHow Ubie Can Help You
With a free 3-min Myasthenia Gravis quiz, powered by Ubie's AI and doctors, find possible causes of your symptoms.
This questionnaire is customized to your situation and symptoms, including the following personal information:
Biological Sex - helps us provide relevant suggestions for male vs. female conditions.
Age - adjusts our guidance based on any age-related health factors.
History - considers past illnesses, surgeries, family history, and lifestyle choices.
Your symptoms
Our AI
Your report
Your personal report will tell you
✔ When to see a doctor
✔︎ What causes your symptoms
✔︎ Treatment information etc.
People with similar symptoms also use Ubie's symptom checker to find possible causes
- My eyes hurt when i move them
- Double vision in one eye
- My vision is not clear
- Droopy eyelid
- Double vision when looking with one eye closed
- See everything double
- Ptosis
Symptoms Related to Myasthenia Gravis
Diseases Related to Myasthenia Gravis
FAQs
Q.
Are there any treatments that can reverse the effects of myasthenia gravis?
A.
While myasthenia gravis cannot be completely reversed, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
References:
Huang J, Zhang T, Wang H, & Zhao Y. (2018). Treatment of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis .... Molecular medicine reports, 29568889.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29568889/
Aricha R, Mizrachi K, Fuchs S, & Souroujon MC. (2011). Blocking of IL-6 suppresses experimental autoimmune .... Journal of autoimmunity, 21193288.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21193288/
Dalakas MC, & Meisel A. (2022). Immunomodulatory effects and clinical benefits .... Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 35350948.
Q.
Are there cognitive benefits to brushing teeth with the opposite hand?
A.
Brushing teeth with the opposite hand might help your brain work in new ways, but the benefits are not clearly proven.
References:
Shioiri S, Sasada T, & Nishikawa R. (2022). Visual attention around a hand location localized by .... Cerebral Cortex Communications, 8867302.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8867302/
Klöppel S, Vongerichten A, van Eimeren T, Frackowiak RS, & Siebner HR. (2007). Can Left-Handedness be Switched? Insights from an Early .... The Journal of Neuroscience, 6672868.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6672868/
Edlin JM, Carris EK, & Lyle KB. (2013). Memory for Hand-Use Depends on Consistency .... Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 3762217.
Q.
Can myasthenia gravis be a fatal condition if untreated?
A.
Myasthenia gravis can be life-threatening if left untreated, as it may lead to severe muscle weakness affecting breathing and swallowing.
References:
Ramos-Fransi A, Rojas-García R, Segovia S, Márquez-Infante C, Pardo J, Coll-Cantí J, et al. (2015). Myasthenia gravis: descriptive analysis of life-threatening .... European journal of neurology, 25847221.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25847221/
Barohn RJ. (2008). Treatment and Clinical Research in Myasthenia Gravis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 18567872.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18567872/
Sinaei F, Fatehi F, Oveis Gharan S, Ehsan S, Kamali K, & Nafissi S. (2022). Disease severity and response to treatment in Iranian .... Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 34143342.
Q.
Can you provide a list of common eye problems and their symptoms?
A.
Common eye problems include cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration, each with symptoms like blurry vision and difficulty seeing in low light.
References:
Harvey PT. (2003). Common eye diseases of elderly people. Gerontology, 12457044.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12457044/
Quillen DA. (1999). Common causes of vision loss in elderly patients. American family physician, 10414631.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10414631/
Li J, Tripathi RC, & Tripathi BJ. (2008). Drug-induced ocular disorders. Drug safety, 18217789.
Q.
Could tingling in my hands be a symptom of a neurological condition?
A.
Tingling in the hands can sometimes be a sign of a neurological condition, but it can also be caused by other issues like poor circulation or repetitive movements.
References:
Bracker MD, & Ralph LP. (1995). The numb arm and hand. American family physician, 7810463.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7810463/
Geelen JA, & de Graaff R. (1999). [Tingling in the hands]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 10488368.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10488368/
Smith SM, McMullen CW, & Herring SA. (2021). Differential Diagnosis for the Painful Tingling Arm. Current sports medicine reports, 34524190.
Q.
Could tingling in my left arm indicate a circulatory issue?
A.
Tingling in your left arm could be a sign of a circulatory problem, such as a heart issue or a blockage in your arm's blood vessels.
References:
Beach C, & Manthey D. (1998). Painless acute aortic dissection presenting as left lower .... The American journal of emergency medicine, 9451313.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9451313/
Beunderman R, & Duyvis DJ. (1983). Myocardial infarction patients during the prodromal and .... Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 6657870.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6657870/
Sal R, Cormier JM, Chapoutot L, Alamé A, al-Khedr A, Raynaud JC, et al. (1996). [Acute upper limb ischemia in a young adult without .... Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 8952832.
Q.
How can I determine if left arm tingling is related to a heart problem?
A.
Left arm tingling can sometimes be related to heart problems, especially if it happens with chest tightness. It's important to get checked by a doctor if you have these symptoms.
References:
Shugan A. (2021). A Case Study on Differential Diagnosis of Episodic Left .... The Neurodiagnostic journal, 34780702.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34780702/
Nagar S, Jivan A, & Provias T. (2022). A Patient in His 50s With Chest Tightness and Left Arm .... JAMA cardiology, 36222842.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36222842/
Beunderman R, & Duyvis DJ. (1983). Myocardial infarction patients during the prodromal and .... Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 6657870.
Q.
How can I differentiate between common eye diseases and more serious conditions?
A.
Common eye diseases like conjunctivitis and dry eye are usually less serious and can often be managed at home, but conditions like sudden vision loss or eye pain need immediate medical attention.
References:
Schmidt CH, Volpe NJ, & Bryar PJ. (2021). Eye Disease in Medical Practice: What You Should Know .... The Medical clinics of North America, 33926637.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33926637/
Weinstock FJ, & Weinstock MB. (1996). Common eye disorders: six patients to refer. Postgraduate medicine, 8604399.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8604399/
Harvey PT. (2003). Common eye diseases of elderly people. Gerontology, 12457044.
Q.
How can I prevent voice hoarseness in the evening?
A.
To prevent voice hoarseness in the evening, consider managing underlying health conditions and avoiding strain on your voice.
References:
Lundy DS, Silva C, Casiano RR, Lu FL, & Xue JW. (1998). Cause of hoarseness in elderly patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 9560099.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9560099/
Khan NU, Wallis S, & Siddiqui N. (2009). Laryngeal tuberculosis: a diagnosis not to be missed. BMJ case reports, 21686402.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21686402/
Atkins K. (1993). Care in theatre of a patient undergoing tonsillectomy. British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 27901378.
Q.
How can you differentiate between myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome?
A.
Myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome are both disorders that affect muscles, but they have different causes and symptoms. Myasthenia gravis usually affects the eyes and face first, while Lambert-Eaton syndrome often starts with weakness in the legs.
References:
Sanders DB, & Guptill JT. (2014). Myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 25299290.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25299290/
Sanders DB, Cao L, Massey JM, Juel VC, Hobson-Webb L, & Guptill JT. (2014). Is the decremental pattern in Lambert-Eaton syndrome .... Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 24332471.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24332471/
Oh SJ. (2017). Distinguishing Features of the Repetitive Nerve Stimulation .... Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease, 29189551.
Q.
How does muscle fatigue affect overall strength?
A.
Muscle fatigue can make it harder to keep your strength up during exercise, but it also something you have to face to get stronger.
References:
Rooney KJ, Herbert RD, & Balnave RJ. (1994). Fatigue contributes to the strength training stimulus. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 7808251.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7808251/
Bastos JAI, Martins WR, Júnior GC, Collins DF, & Durigan JLQ. (2021). Contraction fatigue, strength adaptations, and discomfort .... Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 34260861.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34260861/
Alix-Fages C, Grgic J, Jiménez-Martínez P, Baz-Valle E, & Balsalobre-Fernández C. (2023). Effects of Mental Fatigue on Strength Endurance. Motor control, 36509089.
Q.
How does myasthenia gravis affect life expectancy?
A.
Myasthenia gravis can affect life expectancy, but with proper treatment and management, many people live a normal lifespan.
References:
Juel VC, & Massey JM. (2007). Myasthenia gravis. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 17986328.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17986328/
Twork S, Wiesmeth S, Klewer J, Pöhlau D, & Kugler J. (2010). Quality of life and life circumstances in German myasthenia .... Health and quality of life outcomes, 21070628.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21070628/
Jamal BT, & Herb K. (2009). Perioperative management of patients with myasthenia .... Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics, 19426917.
Q.
How does ocular myasthenia gravis specifically affect vision?
A.
Ocular myasthenia gravis affects vision by causing weakness in the muscles around the eyes, leading to symptoms like droopy eyelids and double vision.
References:
Al-Haidar M, Benatar M, & Kaminski HJ. (2018). Ocular Myasthenia. Neurologic clinics, 29655447.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29655447/
Young A, & Johnston JL. (2024). Pearls & Oy-sters: Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: Central .... Neurology, 38377456.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38377456/
Barton JJ, & Fouladvand M. (2000). Ocular aspects of myasthenia gravis. Seminars in neurology, 10874773.
Q.
How is myasthenia gravis defined in medical literature?
A.
Myasthenia gravis is a condition where muscles get weak because the body's immune system attacks them by mistake.
References:
Tannemaat MR, Huijbers MG, & Verschuuren JJGM. (2024). Myasthenia gravis-Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and .... Handbook of clinical neurology, 38494283.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38494283/
Dresser L, Wlodarski R, Rezania K, & Soliven B. (2021). Myasthenia Gravis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and .... Journal of clinical medicine, 34064035.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34064035/
García Estévez DA, & Pardo Fernández J. (2023). Myasthenia gravis. Update on diagnosis and therapy. Medicina clinica, 37248131.
Q.
How is myasthenia gravis diagnosed by healthcare professionals?
A.
Doctors diagnose myasthenia gravis using tests like blood tests, nerve tests, physical exam findings and sometimes imaging.
References:
Rousseff RT. (2021). Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis. Journal of clinical medicine, 33923771.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923771/
Meriggioli MN, & Sanders DB. (2004). Myasthenia gravis: diagnosis. Seminars in neurology, 15229790.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15229790/
Pasnoor M, Dimachkie MM, Farmakidis C, & Barohn RJ. (2018). Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis. Neurologic clinics, 29655449.
Q.
Is left arm tingling more common in females, and why?
A.
Left arm tingling can happen in both men and women, but some conditions that cause it, like Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, might be more common in women.
References:
Ozdemir O, & Ozçakar L. (2007). Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Clinical rheumatology, 16941200.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16941200/
Torere BE, Aiwuyo HO, Rash M, Gerlach G, Russell N, & Robinson Dolye A. (2023). Subclavian Steal Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of .... Cureus, 37220439.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37220439/
Anderson M, & Tichenor CJ. (1994). A patient with de Quervain's tenosynovitis: a case report .... Physical therapy, 8140144.
Q.
Is there a benefit to brushing teeth multiple times a day?
A.
Brushing your teeth more than once a day can help reduce the risk of cavities and keep your mouth healthy.
References:
Kumar S, Tadakamadla J, & Johnson NW. (2016). Effect of Toothbrushing Frequency on Incidence and .... Journal of dental research, 27334438.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27334438/
Holmes RD. (2016). Tooth brushing frequency and risk of new carious lesions. Evidence-based dentistry, 27980327.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27980327/
Brusius CD, Alves LS, & Maltz M. (2023). Association between toothbrushing frequency and dental .... Brazilian oral research, 38126471.
Q.
Is there a genetic component to myasthenia gravis?
A.
Yes, there is a genetic component to myasthenia gravis, which means genes can play a role in why some people get this disease.
References:
Avidan N, Le Panse R, Berrih-Aknin S, & Miller A. (2014). Genetic basis of myasthenia gravis - a comprehensive review. Journal of autoimmunity, 24361103.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24361103/
Giraud M, Vandiedonck C, & Garchon HJ. (2008). Genetic factors in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 18567868.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18567868/
Chia R, Saez-Atienzar S, Murphy N, Chiò A, Blauwendraat C, International Myasthenia Gravis Genomics Consortium, et al. (2022). Identification of genetic risk loci and prioritization of genes .... Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 35074870.
Q.
What are some potential causes of general tingling sensations in the body?
A.
Tingling sensations in the body can be caused by various factors, including nerve issues, physical injuries, or even psychological factors.
References:
Tihanyi BT, Ferentzi E, Beissner F, & Köteles F. (2018). The neuropsychophysiology of tingling. Consciousness and cognition, 29096941.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29096941/
Smith SM, McMullen CW, & Herring SA. (2021). Differential Diagnosis for the Painful Tingling Arm. Current sports medicine reports, 34524190.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34524190/
Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H, et al. (2012). The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting .... Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 21479990.
Q.
What are the best habits to maintain when brushing teeth?
A.
Brushing teeth twice a day with proper technique and using fluoride toothpaste helps keep your teeth healthy and clean.
References:
Ganss C, Schlueter N, Preiss S, & Klimek J. (2009). Tooth brushing habits in uninstructed adults. Clinical oral investigations, 18853203.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18853203/
Albertsson KW, & van Dijken JW. (2010). Awareness of toothbrushing and dentifrice habits in .... Swedish dental journal, 20701215.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20701215/
Ashley P. (2001). Toothbrushing: why, when and how?. Dental update, 11819948.
Q.
What are the characteristics of end-stage myasthenia gravis?
A.
End-stage myasthenia gravis is characterized by severe muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, and complications like renal failure. Patients may require long-term mechanical ventilation for support.
References:
Hindmarsh J, Woods E, Lee M, & Pickard J. (2020). A Case Report of a Patient Dying With Myasthenia Gravis. Journal of palliative care, 31411109.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31411109/
Ke J, Zhao Q, Wang N, Zhang B, & Hu JQ. (2025). A myasthenia gravis patient complicated with renal failure .... Frontiers in immunology, 40213565.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40213565/
Liu Y, Li T, & Shi L. (2023). Long-term home mechanical ventilation using a .... Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease, 37073798.
Q.
What are the common causes of a hoarse voice in the evening?
A.
A hoarse voice in the evening can be caused by various factors including age-related changes in the vocal cords, which are common in elderly individuals.
References:
Lundy DS, Silva C, Casiano RR, Lu FL, & Xue JW. (1998). Cause of hoarseness in elderly patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 9560099.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9560099/
Atkins K. (1993). Care in theatre of a patient undergoing tonsillectomy. British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 27901378.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27901378/
Boon Tat Y, Muniandy RK, & Ng Mooi Hang L. (2018). Denture Induced Submandibular Hematoma in a Patient .... Case reports in anesthesiology, 30647972.
Q.
What are the common causes of drooping eyelids?
A.
Drooping eyelids, or ptosis, can be caused by aging, nerve problems, or muscle issues. It can also happen after an injury or surgery.
References:
Finsterer J. (2003). Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management. Aesthetic plastic surgery, 12925861.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12925861/
Yadegari S. (2016). Approach to a patient with blepharoptosis. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 27329276.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27329276/
Bacharach J, Lee WW, Harrison AR, & Freddo TF. (2021). A review of acquired blepharoptosis: prevalence, diagnosis .... Eye (London, England), 33927356.
Q.
What are the current treatment options available for myasthenia gravis?
A.
Myasthenia gravis is treated with medications that improve muscle strength, therapies that reduce immune system attacks, and sometimes surgical procedures.
References:
Farmakidis C, Pasnoor M, Dimachkie MM, & Barohn RJ. (2018). Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis. Neurologic clinics, 29655452.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29655452/
Crisafulli S, Boccanegra B, Carollo M, Bottani E, Mantuano P, Trifirò G, & De Luca A. (2024). Myasthenia Gravis Treatment: From Old Drugs to .... CNS drugs, 38212553.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38212553/
Alhaidar MK, Abumurad S, Soliven B, & Rezania K. (2022). Current Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis. Journal of clinical medicine, 35329925.
Q.
What are the different stages of myasthenia gravis progression?
A.
Myasthenia gravis progresses through stages, starting with ocular symptoms and potentially advancing to more widespread muscle weakness.
References:
Mishra AK, & Varma A. (2023). Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 38186498.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38186498/
Roberts PF, Venuta F, Rendina E, De Giacomo T, Coloni GF, Follette DM, et al. (2001). Thymectomy in the treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 11547310.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11547310/
Monden Y, Nakahara K, Fujii Y, Hashimoto J, Ohno K, Masaoka A, & Kawashima Y. (1985). Myasthenia gravis in elderly patients. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 3994442.
Q.
What are the early signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis?
A.
Early signs of myasthenia gravis often include muscle weakness, especially in the eyes and face, leading to droopy eyelids and difficulty swallowing or speaking.
References:
Tannemaat MR, Huijbers MG, & Verschuuren JJGM. (2024). Myasthenia gravis-Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and .... Handbook of clinical neurology, 38494283.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38494283/
Mishra AK, & Varma A. (2023). Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 38186498.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38186498/
Jayam Trouth A, Dabi A, Solieman N, Kurukumbi M, & Kalyanam J. (2012). Myasthenia gravis: a review. Autoimmune diseases, 23193443.
Q.
What are the most common eye problems that can affect vision?
A.
Common eye problems that can affect vision include cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
References:
Schmidt CH, Volpe NJ, & Bryar PJ. (2021). Eye Disease in Medical Practice: What You Should Know .... The Medical clinics of North America, 33926637.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33926637/
Harvey PT. (2003). Common eye diseases of elderly people. Gerontology, 12457044.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12457044/
Sohn J, Lee SE, & Shim EY. (2023). DNA Damage and Repair in Eye Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences, 36835325.
Q.
What are the most effective treatments for chronic fatigue?
A.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome can be managed with a combination of therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy, graded exercise therapy, and symptom management strategies.
References:
Yancey JR, & Thomas SM. (2012). Chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician, 23062157.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23062157/
Smith ME, Haney E, McDonagh M, Pappas M, Daeges M, Wasson N, et al. (2015). Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue .... Annals of internal medicine, 26075755.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26075755/
Smith MEB, Nelson HD, Haney E, Pappas M, Daeges M, Wasson N, & McDonagh M. (2014). Diagnosis and Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis .... Evidence report/technology assessment, 30313001.
Q.
What are the primary causes of myasthenia gravis?
A.
Myasthenia gravis is mainly caused by the immune system attacking parts of the body that help muscles work, especially the communication between nerves and muscles.
References:
Scheife RT, Hills JR, & Munsat TL. (1981). Myasthenia gravis: signs, symptoms, diagnosis, .... Pharmacotherapy, 6927602.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6927602/
Gilhus NE, Tzartos S, Evoli A, Palace J, Burns TM, & Verschuuren JJGM. (2019). Myasthenia gravis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 31048702.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31048702/
Yan M, Liu Z, Fei E, Chen W, Lai X, Luo B, et al. (2018). Induction of Anti-agrin Antibodies Causes Myasthenia .... Neuroscience, 29339325.
Q.
What are the treatment options for fixing droopy eyelids?
A.
Droopy eyelids can be treated with laser procedures like Endolift or carbon dioxide laser surgery.
References:
Nilforoushzadeh MA, Heidari-Kharaji M, Behrangi E, Lotfi E, Roohaninasab M, Nouri M, & Najar Nobari N. (2022). Effect of Endolift laser on upper eyelid and eyebrow ptosis .... Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 35073449.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35073449/
Baker SS. (1995). Carbon dioxide laser ptosis surgery combined with .... Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 7496677.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7496677/
Bollero D. (2021). Jawline reshape technique with suspension threads to .... Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 34318987.
Q.
What blood tests are used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
A.
Blood tests for diagnosing myasthenia gravis look for specific antibodies that attack parts of the muscles and nerves.
References:
Zisimopoulou P, Brenner T, Trakas N, & Tzartos SJ. (2013). Serological diagnostics in myasthenia gravis based on .... Autoimmunity reviews, 23537507.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23537507/
Mousavi A, Kumar P, & Frykman H. (2024). The changing landscape of autoantibody testing in .... Clinical biochemistry, 39357636.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39357636/
Leite MI, Waters P, & Vincent A. (2010). Diagnostic use of autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis. Autoimmunity, 20380582.
Q.
What causes my voice to change in the evening?
A.
Voice changes in the evening can be due to various factors, such as aging or conditions like Parkinson's disease, which can affect how your voice sounds.
References:
Lundy DS, Silva C, Casiano RR, Lu FL, & Xue JW. (1998). Cause of hoarseness in elderly patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 9560099.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9560099/
Ma A, Lau KK, & Thyagarajan D. (2020). Voice changes in Parkinson's disease: What are they .... Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 31952969.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31952969/
Bourdeanu L, & Cannistraci P. (2018). Challenges and Role Changes in Caring for Adult Children .... Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology, 31186984.
Q.
What conditions could cause simultaneous tingling in both hands and feet?
A.
Tingling in both hands and feet could be due to peripheral neuropathy, which is often caused by diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or alcohol use.
References:
Hanewinckel R, Ikram MA, & Van Doorn PA. (2016). Peripheral neuropathies. Handbook of clinical neurology, 27637963.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27637963/
Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H, et al. (2012). The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting .... Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 21479990.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21479990/
Castelli G, Desai KM, & Cantone RE. (2020). Peripheral Neuropathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. American family physician, 33320513.
Q.
What could be causing my voice to be hoarse in the morning?
A.
Hoarseness in the morning can be caused by several factors, including age-related changes in the vocal cords or other health conditions.
References:
Lundy DS, Silva C, Casiano RR, Lu FL, & Xue JW. (1998). Cause of hoarseness in elderly patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 9560099.
Q.
What could be the reason for my eyelid suddenly drooping?
A.
Sudden eyelid drooping, also known as ptosis, can be caused by various factors including muscle issues, nerve problems, or even certain systemic diseases. It is important to consult a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause.
References:
Finsterer J. (2003). Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management. Aesthetic plastic surgery, 12925861.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12925861/
Weiss AH. (1993). The swollen and droopy eyelid. Signs of systemic disease. Pediatric clinics of North America, 8345967.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8345967/
Meyrier A, & Simon P. (1994). Drooping upper eyelids and polycystic kidney disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 7873738.
Q.
What could be the underlying reasons for persistent fatigue?
A.
Persistent fatigue can be caused by depression, neurological issues, or chronic kidney disease. Each condition affects the body differently, leading to feelings of tiredness that don't go away easily.
References:
Baldwin DS, & Papakostas GI. (2006). Symptoms of fatigue and sleepiness in major depressive .... The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 16848671.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848671/
Maestri M, Romigi A, Schirru A, Fabbrini M, Gori S, Bonuccelli U, & Bonanni E. (2020). Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue in neurological .... Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 31444679.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31444679/
Zalai D, & Bohra M. (2016). Fatigue in chronic kidney disease: Definition, assessment .... CANNT journal = Journal ACITN, 27215061.
Q.
What could cause my hands to get tired easily during daily activities?
A.
Your hands might get tired easily because of differences in grip strength, how your muscles respond to exercise, or muscle weakness linked to certain conditions.
References:
Demaree HA, Higgins DA, Williamson J, & Harrison DW. (2002). Asymmetry in hand grip strength and fatigue in low. The International journal of neuroscience, 12325395.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12325395/
Ament W, & Verkerke GJ. (2009). Exercise and fatigue. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 19402743.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19402743/
Voermans NC, Knoop H, Bleijenberg G, & van Engelen BG. (2011). Fatigue is associated with muscle weakness in Ehlers .... Physiotherapy, 21497252.
Q.
What diseases are commonly associated with drooping eyelids?
A.
Drooping eyelids, or ptosis, can be caused by various conditions including nerve problems, muscle disorders, and diseases like myasthenia gravis or Horner syndrome.
References:
Finsterer J. (2003). Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management. Aesthetic plastic surgery, 12925861.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12925861/
Hartmann A, Berendes K, & Berlit P. (1983). [Ptosis in the differential diagnosis of neurologic diseases]. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde, 6405079.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6405079/
Yadegari S. (2016). Approach to a patient with blepharoptosis. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 27329276.
Q.
What distinguishes generalized myasthenia gravis from other forms?
A.
Generalized myasthenia gravis affects multiple muscle groups, leading to widespread muscle weakness, unlike other forms that may only affect specific areas.
References:
Hehir MK, & Silvestri NJ. (2018). Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: Classification, Clinical .... Neurologic clinics, 29655448.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29655448/
Tan JY, Tan CY, Gengadharan PN, Shahrizaila N, & Goh KJ. (2024). Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Generalized .... Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea), 38951974.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38951974/
Garzón-Orjuela N, van der Werf L, Prieto-Pinto LC, Lasalvia P, Castañeda-Cardona C, & Rosselli D. (2019). Quality of life in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis. Intractable & rare diseases research, 31890449.
Q.
What does fatigue mean in a medical context?
A.
In a medical context, fatigue is a feeling of tiredness or exhaustion that can affect your body and mind, making it hard to do everyday activities.
References:
Evans WJ, & Lambert CP. (2007). Physiological basis of fatigue. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 17370370.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17370370/
Shen J, Barbera J, & Shapiro CM. (2006). Distinguishing sleepiness and fatigue: focus on definition .... Sleep medicine reviews, 16376590.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16376590/
Jason LA, Evans M, Brown M, & Porter N. (2010). What is fatigue? Pathological and nonpathological fatigue. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 20656613.
Q.
What exercises can help with droopy eyelids, and what results can be expected?
A.
Exercises for droopy eyelids can include facial muscle exercises and electrical stimulation, which may help improve eyelid appearance but results can vary.
References:
King M. (2016). Management of Ptosis - PMC. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 5300727.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5300727/
Yasui Y, Kato H, Ogura S, Kimura M, Kato A, Hirano Y, et al. (2024). Electrical stimulation of the lower eyelid orbicularis oculi .... Skin Research and Technology, 11016813.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11016813/
Hwang UJ, Kwon OY, Jung SH, Ahn SH, & Gwak GT. (2018). Effect of a Facial Muscle Exercise Device on .... Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 5888959.
Q.
What eye problems are commonly associated with diabetes?
A.
Diabetes can cause several eye problems, including diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. These conditions can lead to vision loss if not managed properly.
References:
Frank KJ, & Dieckert JP. (1996). Diabetic eye disease: a primary care perspective. Southern medical journal, 8638169.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8638169/
Khan A, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, & Malik RA. (2017). Visual complications in diabetes mellitus: beyond retinopathy. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 27917530.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27917530/
Henriques J, Vaz-Pereira S, Nascimento J, & Rosa PC. (2015). [Diabetic eye disease]. Acta medica portuguesa, 25817504.
Q.
What factors contribute to hoarseness in the evening?
A.
Hoarseness in the evening can be caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux, where stomach acid irritates the throat, especially after meals.
References:
Atkins K. (1993). Care in theatre of a patient undergoing tonsillectomy. British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 27901378.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27901378/
Bobin F, Auregan G, Muls V, Cammaroto G, Hans S, Saussez S, & Lechien JR. (2021). Impedance-pH monitoring profile of patients with reflux and .... Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery, 33621406.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33621406/
Lechien JR, Bobin F, Muls V, Horoi M, Thill MP, Dequanter D, et al. (2021). Saliva Pepsin Concentration of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux .... The Laryngoscope, 32510588.
Q.
What is the clinical definition of being fatigued?
A.
Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness or lack of energy that doesn't go away with rest and can affect daily activities.
References:
Evans WJ, & Lambert CP. (2007). Physiological basis of fatigue. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 17370370.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17370370/
Shen J, Barbera J, & Shapiro CM. (2006). Distinguishing sleepiness and fatigue: focus on definition .... Sleep medicine reviews, 16376590.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16376590/
Ruiter AM, Verschuuren JJGM, & Tannemaat MR. (2021). Prevalence and associated factors of fatigue in .... Neuromuscular disorders : NMD, 34034925.
Q.
What is the pathophysiology behind myasthenia gravis?
A.
Myasthenia gravis is a condition where the body's immune system attacks the communication between nerves and muscles, causing muscle weakness.
References:
Dresser L, Wlodarski R, Rezania K, & Soliven B. (2021). Myasthenia Gravis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and .... Journal of clinical medicine, 34064035.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34064035/
Hughes BW, Moro De Casillas ML, & Kaminski HJ. (2004). Pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis. Seminars in neurology, 15229789.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15229789/
Romi F, Hong Y, & Gilhus NE. (2017). Pathophysiology and immunological profile of myasthenia .... Current opinion in immunology, 28780294.
Q.
What is the role of a thymectomy in treating myasthenia gravis?
A.
A thymectomy, which is the removal of the thymus gland, can help improve symptoms in people with myasthenia gravis, especially those with a specific type of this condition.
References:
Rath J, Moser B, & Zimprich F. (2023). Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. Current opinion in neurology, 37639450.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37639450/
Wolfe GI, Kaminski HJ, Aban IB, Minisman G, Kuo HC, Marx A, et al. (2016). Randomized Trial of Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis. The New England journal of medicine, 27509100.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27509100/
Evoli A, & Meacci E. (2019). An update on thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 30917699.
Q.
What lifestyle changes can help reduce feelings of fatigue?
A.
Regular physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors can help reduce feelings of fatigue and increase energy levels.
References:
Chen MK. (1986). The epidemiology of self-perceived fatigue among adults. Preventive medicine, 3714661.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3714661/
Puetz TW. (2006). Physical activity and feelings of energy and fatigue. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 16937952.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16937952/
Ellingson LD, Kuffel AE, Vack NJ, & Cook DB. (2014). Active and sedentary behaviors influence feelings .... Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 23783259.
Q.
What makes myasthenia gravis a unique autoimmune disease?
A.
Myasthenia gravis is unique because it causes muscle weakness by affecting the communication between nerves and muscles, specifically targeting receptors at the muscle surface.
References:
Dresser L, Wlodarski R, Rezania K, & Soliven B. (2021). Myasthenia Gravis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and .... Journal of clinical medicine, 34064035.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34064035/
Gilhus NE, Tzartos S, Evoli A, Palace J, Burns TM, & Verschuuren JJGM. (2019). Myasthenia gravis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 31048702.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31048702/
Tannemaat MR, Huijbers MG, & Verschuuren JJGM. (2024). Myasthenia gravis-Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and .... Handbook of clinical neurology, 38494283.
Q.
What might cause my arms to get tired when washing my hair?
A.
Your arms might get tired when washing your hair due to conditions like generalized myasthenia gravis, which causes muscle weakness, or issues with your arm and shoulder, potentially made worse by sleep problems.
References:
Hartford CA, Sherman SA, Karantzoulis S, Guillemin I, Phinney MG, Kelly KL, et al. (2023). Experience of Daily Life with Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. Neurology and Therapy, 10630275.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10630275/
Milenovic N, Klasnja A, Skrbic R, Popovic Petrovic S, Lukac S, & Devecerski G. (2022). Sleep Problems and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and .... International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9566055.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9566055/
Jackson K, Parthan A, Lauher-Charest M, Broderick L, Law N, & Barnett C. (2022). Understanding the Symptom Burden and Impact .... Neurology and Therapy, 9837342.
Q.
What might cause my voice to become hoarse at night?
A.
Your voice may become hoarse at night due to factors like aging, lack of sleep, or using a CPAP machine for sleep apnea.
References:
Lundy DS, Silva C, Casiano RR, Lu FL, & Xue JW. (1998). Cause of hoarseness in elderly patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 9560099.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9560099/
Bagnall AD, Dorrian J, & Fletcher A. (2011). Some vocal consequences of sleep deprivation and the .... Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, 21402470.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21402470/
Hamdan AL, Sabra O, Rifai H, Tabri D, & Hussari A. (2008). Vocal changes in patients using nasal continuous positive .... Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, 18762134.
Q.
What might cause tingling from my elbow to my hand in the left arm?
A.
Tingling from your elbow to your hand might be caused by issues with the ulnar nerve, such as pressure or injury, especially around the elbow area.
References:
Bracker MD, & Ralph LP. (1995). The numb arm and hand. American family physician, 7810463.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7810463/
Geelen JA, & de Graaff R. (1999). [Tingling in the hands]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 10488368.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10488368/
Kabra P, Yadav MVK, Peddamadyam S, Bathineedi SP, & Yamini K. (2024). Recurrent Ulnar Nerve Schwannoma in the Cubital Tunnel .... Cureus, 39677119.
Q.
What surgical options are available for correcting drooping eyelids?
A.
Surgery for drooping eyelids, also known as ptosis, can include procedures like levator advancement or other methods to lift the eyelid.
References:
Finsterer J. (2003). Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management. Aesthetic plastic surgery, 12925861.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12925861/
Wong CH, Hsieh MKH, & Mendelson B. (2024). Upper Eyelid Ptosis Correction with Levator Advancement .... Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 37387609.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37387609/
Hejsek H, Veliká V, Stepanov A, & Rozsíval P. (2014). [Surgical treatment of severe degree of ptosis of the upper .... Ceska a slovenska oftalmologie : casopis Ceske oftalmologicke spolecnosti a Slovenske oftalmologicke spolecnosti, 25032796.
Q.
What tests are used to confirm a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?
A.
To confirm myasthenia gravis, doctors use blood tests for antibodies, nerve tests, and sometimes imaging like a CT scan.
References:
Rousseff RT. (2021). Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis. Journal of clinical medicine, 33923771.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923771/
Pasnoor M, Dimachkie MM, Farmakidis C, & Barohn RJ. (2018). Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis. Neurologic clinics, 29655449.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29655449/
Benatar M. (2006). A systematic review of diagnostic studies in myasthenia .... Neuromuscular disorders : NMD, 16793269.
Q.
What triggers a myasthenia gravis crisis and how is it managed?
A.
A myasthenia gravis crisis can be triggered by infections, stress, or certain medications, and is managed with treatments like medication adjustments and respiratory support.
References:
Claytor B, Cho SM, & Li Y. (2023). Myasthenic crisis. Muscle & nerve, 37114503.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37114503/
Bershad EM, Feen ES, & Suarez JI. (2008). Myasthenia gravis crisis. Southern medical journal, 18176295.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18176295/
Ahmed S, Kirmani JF, Janjua N, Alkawi A, Khatri I, Yahia AM, et al. (2005). An Update on Myasthenic Crisis. Current treatment options in neurology, 15676116.
Q.
When is surgery considered for treating myasthenia gravis?
A.
Surgery, called thymectomy, is sometimes used to treat myasthenia gravis, especially if there is a thymoma or if symptoms are severe and not well-controlled with medication.
References:
Rath J, Moser B, & Zimprich F. (2023). Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. Current opinion in neurology, 37639450.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37639450/
Spillane J, Hayward M, Hirsch NP, Taylor C, Kullmann DM, & Howard RS. (2013). Thymectomy: role in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Journal of neurology, 23508539.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23508539/
de Perrot M, & McRae K. (2017). Evidence for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 26880052.
Q.
When should I be concerned about tingling in my feet?
A.
You should be concerned about tingling in your feet if it persists, worsens, or is accompanied by other symptoms like pain or weakness. Persistent tingling can be a sign of nerve problems that need medical attention.
References:
Hanewinckel R, Ikram MA, & Van Doorn PA. (2016). Peripheral neuropathies. Handbook of clinical neurology, 27637963.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27637963/
Goldman SM. (2003). Neurogenic positional pedal neuritis. Common .... Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 12756307.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12756307/
Castelli G, Desai KM, & Cantone RE. (2020). Peripheral Neuropathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. American family physician, 33320513.
Q.
Why does my arm get tired while brushing my teeth?
A.
Your arm might get tired while brushing your teeth due to reduced arm use or fatigue from conditions like early-stage Parkinson's disease.
References:
Kim GJ, Lebovich S, & Rand D. (2022). Perceived Facilitators and Barriers for Actual Arm Use .... International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9516989.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9516989/
Stussman B, Williams A, Snow J, Gavin A, Scott R, Nath A, & Walitt B. (2020). Characterization of Post–exertional Malaise in Patients With .... Frontiers in Neurology, 7530890.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7530890/
Morel T, Cleanthous S, Andrejack J, Barker RA, Blavat G, Brooks W, et al. (2022). Patient Experience in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease. Neurology and Therapy, 9338202.
Q.
Why might someone experience fatigue after eating a meal?
A.
Feeling tired after eating can happen because of how your body processes different foods and due to certain chemicals that are released during digestion.
References:
Wells AS, Read NW, Uvnas-Moberg K, & Alster P. (1997). Influences of fat and carbohydrate on postprandial .... Physiology & behavior, 9145937.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9145937/
Lehrskov LL, Dorph E, Widmer AM, Hepprich M, Siegenthaler J, Timper K, & Donath MY. (2018). The role of IL-1 in postprandial fatigue. Molecular metabolism, 29705519.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29705519/
Spring B, Chiodo J, Harden M, Bourgeois MJ, Mason JD, & Lutherer L. (1989). Psychobiological effects of carbohydrates. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2565898.
Ubie is supervised by 50+ medical experts worldwide
Our symptom checker AI is continuously refined with input from experienced physicians, empowering them to make more accurate diagnoses.
Ubie is recognized by healthcare and tech leaders
“World’s Best Digital
Health Companies”
Newsweek 2024
“Best With AI”
Google Play Best of 2023
“Best in Class”
Digital Health Awards 2023 (Quarterfinalist)
Which is the best Symptom Checker?
Ubie’s symptom checker demonstrated a Top-10 hit accuracy of 71.6%, surpassing the performance of several leading symptom checkers in the market, which averaged around 60% accuracy in similar assessments.
Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Gilhus NE, Verschuuren JJ. Myasthenia gravis: subgroup classification and therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Oct;14(10):1023-36. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00145-3. PMID: 26376969.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(15)00145-3/fulltextSieb JP. Myasthenia gravis: an update for the clinician. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014 Mar;175(3):408-18. doi: 10.1111/cei.12217. PMID: 24117026; PMCID: PMC3927901.
https://academic.oup.com/cei/article/175/3/408/6421208Gilhus NE. Myasthenia Gravis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 29;375(26):2570-2581. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1602678. PMID: 28029925.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1602678Peragallo JH. Pediatric Myasthenia Gravis. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2017 May;24(2):116-121. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 Apr 7. PMID: 28941526.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1071909117300633?via%3DihubMantegazza R, Bernasconi P, Cavalcante P. Myasthenia gravis: from autoantibodies to therapy. Curr Opin Neurol. 2018 Oct;31(5):517-525. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000596. PMID: 30156572.
https://journals.lww.com/co-neurology/Abstract/2018/10000/Myasthenia_gravis__from_autoantibodies_to_therapy.3.aspx