Chest Pain
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Have chest pain
Chest pain on left side
Right side chest pain
Chest pain all over
Tight feeling in the chest
Chest pain when I breathe
Chest pain caused by exercise
Pain around the rib cage
Radiating chest pain
Pain in the rib
Chest pain at night
Tightening in the chest
About the Symptom
Pain or discomfort in the chest, including a dull ache, crushing or burning feeling, sharp stabbing pain, and pain that can radiate to the neck, shoulder, back, or jaw.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Chest pain
Possible Causes
Generally, Chest pain can be related to:
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) results from abnormal growth of muscle cells, particularly in the lungs and lymph system. This can lead to the formation of holes or cysts in the lung and blockage or rupture of lymph vessels, causing lymph and fatty acid accumulation in the chest cavity. It is caused by gene mutations that produce proteins which cannot regulate cell growth and movement in the body.
- Intercostal Neuralgia
Nerve pain caused by damage to the nerves running along the ribs. It can be caused by various factors, including rib injuries and viral infections like Shingles.
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Chest pain may be related to these serious diseases:
- Costochondritis
Inflammation of the cartilage connecting ribs to the breastbone. Causes include physical strain, prolonged vigorous coughing, and viral infections; though in many cases, no clear cause is found.
- Spontaneous Pneumothorax
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Acute Pericarditis
- Myocardial Infarction (MI) / Unstable Angina
- Aortic Dissection / Aortic Aneurysm Rupture
- Stable Angina
- Empyema
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Are you experiencing chest pain?
- When did you first notice your chest pain?
- Which of the following best describes how your chest pain appeared?
- How often do you experience chest pain?
- On a scale of 1 to 10, how severe was your chest pain at its worst?
Reviewed By:
Maxwell J. Nanes, DO (Emergency Medicine)
Dr Nanes received a doctorate from the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and went on to complete a residency in emergency medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin. There he trained at Froedtert Hospital and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in the practice of adult and pediatric emergency medicine. He was a chief resident and received numerous awards for teaching excellence during his time there. | | After residency he took a job at a community hospital where he and his colleagues worked through the toughest days of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)
Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.
Tatsuya Shiraishi, MD (Cardiology)
Dr. Shiraishi graduated from the Kyoto University School of Medicine. He worked as a cardiologist at Edogawa Hospital, and after joining Ubie, he became the Director of East Nihonbashi Internal Medicine Clinic.
Content updated on Jan 29, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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People with similar symptoms also use Ubie's symptom checker to find possible causes
- There is a feeling of pressure in the chest
- Pain in the very limited area of the chest (about the size of a fingertip)
- Chest pain with a change in temperature, when you move to a colder place
- Decreased effort tolerance with chest pain within the last few weeks
- Pain radiating to the ears, chin or abdomen/tummy from the neck
- Exacerbation of chest pain symptoms within the last 3 weeks
- Chest pain gets worse when pressing on the affected area
- Drinking alcohol led to vomiting that caused chest pain
- Chest pain started after vomiting from drinking alcohol
- I have the same pain as myocardial infarction
- Chest discomfort in the middle of the night
- Pain only on the right side of the chest
- I feel uncomfortable with the collarbone
- When I swallow something, my chest hurts
- Pain only on the left side of the chest
See full list
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FAQs
Q.
How can smoking lead to chest pain?
A.
Smoking can harm your heart and lungs by causing damage to your blood vessels and making it harder to breathe, which can lead to chest pain.
References:
Friedman GD, Siegelaub AB, Dales LG. Cigarette smoking and chest pain. Ann Intern Med. 1975 Jul;83(1):1-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-83-1-1. PMID: 1147421.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US); Office on Smoking and Health (US). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2010. 6, Cardiovascular Diseases.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53012/
Parmar MP, Kaur M, Bhavanam S, Mulaka GSR, Ishfaq L, Vempati R, C MF, Kandepi HV, Er R, Sahu S, Davalgi S. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Smoking on the Cardiovascular System and General Health. Cureus. 2023 Apr 24;15(4):e38073. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38073. PMID: 37234135; PMCID: PMC10208588.
Q.
In which area is chest pain typically felt during a heart attack?
A.
During a heart attack, people usually feel pain in the center of the chest, near the heart, which often spreads to other areas like the left arm, shoulder, neck, or jaw.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Updated 2022 Feb 18]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK355313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK355313/
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Q.
What are the potential causes of chest pain that radiates to the arm?
A.
Chest pain that spreads to your arm is often a warning sign that your heart may be in trouble, such as with a heart attack or angina, but other conditions like muscle or nerve pain can also cause it.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Ojha N, Dhamoon AS. Myocardial Infarction. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
Which types of chest pain should prompt immediate medical attention?
A.
Chest pain that comes on suddenly, is very severe, or is accompanied by other symptoms like sweating, nausea, shortness of breath, dizziness or pain that spreads to your arm, back or jaw should prompt immediate medical attention.
References:
Mechanic OJ, Gavin M, Grossman SA. Acute Myocardial Infarction. [Updated 2023 Sep 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Hermiz C, Sedhai YR. Angina. [Updated 2023 Jun 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Goyal A, Zeltser R. Unstable Angina. [Updated 2022 Sep 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What could cause chest pain after eating?
A.
Chest pain after eating is often related to digestive issues like acid reflux, which happens when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, but other gastrointestinal problems can also cause this discomfort.
References:
Updated 2023 Jul 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Achem SR. Management of esophageal chest pain. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2007 Oct;3(10):765-7. PMID: 21960783; PMCID: PMC3104155.
Q.
What could cause left arm pain without any chest pain?
A.
Left arm pain without chest pain can be caused by musculoskeletal or nerve-related issues, such as thoracic outlet syndrome, cervical radiculopathy, or nerve entrapment, rather than heart problems. However heart problems can also present with left arm pain without chest pain.
References:
Fitzgerald G. Thoracic outlet syndrome of pectoralis minor etiology mimicking cardiac symptoms on activity: a case report. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2012 Dec;56(4):311-5. PMID: 23204575; PMCID: PMC3501918.
Shugan A. A Case Study on Differential Diagnosis of Episodic Left Arm Numbness. Neurodiagn J. 2021 Dec;61(4):196-202. doi: 10.1080/21646821.2021.1993699. Epub 2021 Nov 15. PMID: 34780702.
Harada T, Nakai M. Cervical Angina as a Cause of Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023 Mar 17;15(3):e36279. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36279. PMID: 37065290; PMCID: PMC10103829.
Q.
What could cause right side chest pain when breathing?
A.
Right side chest pain when breathing is often due to lung or chest wall problems, such as inflammation of the lung lining (pleurisy), lung probelms or musculoskeletal strain.
References:
Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
Brims FJ, Davies HE, Lee YC. Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):217-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.003. PMID: 20380952.
King PT, Holdsworth SR, Farmer M, Freezer NJ, Holmes PW. Chest pain and exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:1019-24. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S39280. Epub 2012 Dec 10. PMID: 23271921; PMCID: PMC3526875.
Q.
What could right side chest pain indicate?
A.
Right side chest pain may be caused by lung or pleural issues, musculoskeletal conditions, or gastrointestinal problems.
References:
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Namba Y, Yamakage M. Duodenal ulcer accompanied by intractable right lateral chest pain (T6/T7 dermatomal segments). JA Clin Rep. 2016;2(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40981-016-0038-5. Epub 2016 Jun 4. PMID: 29497667; PMCID: PMC5818731.
Beunderman R, Sramek M, Koster RW, Garssen B, van Dis H. Differentieel-diagnostische criteria bij cardiale klachten; pijn links of rechts op de borst? [Criteria for differential diagnosis in cardial symptoms; left- or right-sided chest pain?]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1990 Nov 17;134(46):2249-52. Dutch. PMID: 2255353.
Q.
Why do I experience chest pain when lying down?
A.
Chest pain when lying down may happen because of non-heart-related issues like acid reflux or muscle strain, but it might also be linked to heart or breathing conditions that cause discomfort in certain positions.
References:
Constant J. The diagnosis of nonanginal chest pain. Keio J Med. 1990 Sep;39(3):187-92. doi: 10.2302/kjm.39.187. PMID: 2255129.
Loui WS, Blackshear JL, Fredrickson PA, Kaplan J. Obstructive sleep apnea manifesting as suspected angina: report of three cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994 Mar;69(3):244-8. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61063-5. PMID: 8133662.
Zhou C, Tao J, Li S. Case report: Unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms causing postural angina pectoris and false "pulmonary hypertension". Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Mar 22;10:1120633. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1120633. PMID: 37034326; PMCID: PMC10073471.
Q.
Why do I get left side chest pain when I lie down at night?
A.
Left side chest pain when lying down at night can happen due to changes in your body’s position, which may trigger acid reflux, muscle strain, or breathing issues.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Constant J. The diagnosis of nonanginal chest pain. Keio J Med. 1990 Sep;39(3):187-92. doi: 10.2302/kjm.39.187. PMID: 2255129.
Mukerji V. Dyspnea, Orthopnea, and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 11.
Q.
Are there any unique symptoms of chest pain in women?
A.
Yes, women can have different chest pain symptoms than men, with signs like unusual fatigue, pain in the neck, jaw, or back, and nausea sometimes occurring along with or instead of heavy or crushing chest pain.
References:
McSweeney JC, Cody M, O'Sullivan P, Elberson K, Moser DK, Garvin BJ. Women's early warning symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2003 Nov 25;108(21):2619-23. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000097116.29625.7C. Epub 2003 Nov 3. PMID: 14597589.
DeVon HA, Mirzaei S, Zègre-Hemsey J. Typical and Atypical Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Time to Retire the Terms? J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 Apr 7;9(7):e015539. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015539. Epub 2020 Mar 25. PMID: 32208828; PMCID: PMC7428604.
Schulte KJ, Mayrovitz HN. Myocardial Infarction Signs and Symptoms: Females vs. Males. Cureus. 2023 Apr 13;15(4):e37522. doi: 10.7759/cureus.37522. PMID: 37193476; PMCID: PMC10182740.
Q.
Can gas cause left side chest pain?
A.
Yes, sometimes gas can cause pain on the left side of the chest, as gas buildup in your stomach or intestines can put pressure on nearby tissues.
References:
Gesualdo M, Scicchitano P, Carbonara S, Ricci G, Principi M, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Cortese F, Ciccone MM. The association between cardiac and gastrointestinal disorders: causal or casual link? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2016 May;17(5):330-8. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000351. PMID: 26702598.
El-Shafie K. Belching as a presenting symptom of angina pectoris. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2007 Dec;7(3):257-9. PMID: 21748113; PMCID: PMC3074882.
Ghosh RK, Fatima K, Ravakhah K, Hassan C. Gastric volvulus: an easily missed diagnosis of chest pain in the emergency room. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Jan 13;2016:bcr2015213888. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2015-213888. PMID: 26762353; PMCID: PMC4716434.
Q.
How can anxiety manifest as chest pain?
A.
Anxiety can cause chest pain by increasing muscle tension, creating a feeling of tightness or pressure in the chest, and making you more aware of normal bodily sensations.
References:
Sara JDS, Ahmad A, Toya T, Suarez Pardo L, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Anxiety Disorders Are Associated With Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With Chest Pain and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Sep 7;10(17):e021722. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.021722. Epub 2021 Aug 28. PMID: 34459240; PMCID: PMC8649259.
Carter CS, Servan-Schreiber D, Perlstein WM. Anxiety disorders and the syndrome of chest pain with normal coronary arteries: prevalence and pathophysiology. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58 Suppl 3:70-3; discussion 74-5. PMID: 9133495.
Hamel S, Denis I, Turcotte S, Fleet R, Archambault P, Dionne CE, Foldes-Busque G. Anxiety disorders in patients with noncardiac chest pain: association with health-related quality of life and chest pain severity. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022 Jan 10;20(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12955-021-01912-8. PMID: 35012545; PMCID: PMC8751105.
Q.
How can I differentiate between anxiety chest pain and other types of chest pain?
A.
Anxiety chest pain is usually tied to feelings of panic, rapid heartbeat, and hyperventilation, unlike other types of chest pain that often come with physical triggers like exercise, illness or injury.
References:
de Heer EW, Palacios JE, Adèr HJ, van Marwijk HWJ, Tylee A, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM. Chest pain, depression and anxiety in coronary heart disease: Consequence or cause? A prospective clinical study in primary care. J Psychosom Res. 2020 Feb;129:109891. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109891. Epub 2019 Dec 10. PMID: 31865173.
Khairandish Z, Jamali L, Haghbin S. Role of anxiety and depression in adolescents with chest pain referred to a cardiology clinic. Cardiol Young. 2017 Jan;27(1):125-130. doi: 10.1017/S1047951116000238. Epub 2016 Mar 16. PMID: 26979465.
Potokar JP, Nutt DJ. Chest pain: panic attack or heart attack? Int J Clin Pract. 2000 Mar;54(2):110-4. PMID: 10824366.
Q.
How can I tell if my chest pain is due to muscle strain?
A.
If your chest pain worsens when you move, press on the area, or take a deep breath—and it started after heavy exercise or an injury—it might be caused by a muscle strain.
References:
Ayloo A, Cvengros T, Marek A, Marek S. Evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal chest pain. _Prim Care_. 2013;40(4):863-887. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.08.007
Flook N, Unge P, Agréus L, Karlson BW, Nilsson S. Approach to managing undiagnosed chest pain: could gastroesophageal reflux disease be the cause? Can Fam Physician. 2007 Feb;53(2):261-6. Erratum in: Can Fam Physician. 2007 Jul;53(7):1148. PMID: 17872643; PMCID: PMC1949125.
Reigle J. Evaluating the patient with chest pain: the value of a comprehensive history. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2005 Jul-Aug;20(4):226-31. doi: 10.1097/00005082-200507000-00005. PMID: 16000907.
Q.
How is chest pain related to COVID-19 symptoms?
A.
Chest pain can be one of the symptoms seen during a COVID-19 infection, and some people may continue to have chest pain as part of post-COVID conditions.
References:
da Rosa Mesquita R, Francelino Silva Junior LC, Santos Santana FM, Farias de Oliveira T, Campos Alcântara R, Monteiro Arnozo G, Rodrigues da Silva Filho E, Galdino Dos Santos AG, Oliveira da Cunha EJ, Salgueiro de Aquino SH, Freire de Souza CD. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in the general population: systematic review. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021 Apr;133(7-8):377-382. doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01760-4. Epub 2020 Nov 26. PMID: 33242148; PMCID: PMC7689634.
Becker RC. Evaluating chest pain in patients with post COVID conditions permission to think outside of the box. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2023 May;55(4):592-603. doi: 10.1007/s11239-023-02808-8. Epub 2023 Apr 13. PMID: 37052772; PMCID: PMC10098243.
Alammouri I, Odeh AE, Alkhaled FA, Al-Zoubi RM, Alzagareet YM. Comparing the Prevalence and Characteristics of Chest Pain in Children and Adolescents Pre- and Post-COVID-19: A Retrospective Study. Cureus. 2024 Oct 14;16(10):e71407. doi: 10.7759/cureus.71407. PMID: 39539904; PMCID: PMC11558227.
Q.
How long does chest pain from anxiety typically last?
A.
Chest pain caused by anxiety usually lasts only during an anxiety or panic episode—often from a few minutes up to around an hour—before gradually easing as the episode resolves.
References:
White KS, Craft JM, Gervino EV. Anxiety and hypervigilance to cardiopulmonary sensations in non-cardiac chest pain patients with and without psychiatric disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2010 May;48(5):394-401. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.01.001. Epub 2010 Jan 11. PMID: 20110083; PMCID: PMC2862826.
Schwarz J, Prashad A, Winchester DE. Prevalence and implications of severe anxiety in a prospective cohort of acute chest pain patients. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2015 Mar;14(1):44-7. doi: 10.1097/HPC.0000000000000038. PMID: 25679088; PMCID: PMC4331450.
Huffman JC, Pollack MH, Stern TA. Panic Disorder and Chest Pain: Mechanisms, Morbidity, and Management. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;4(2):54-62. doi: 10.4088/pcc.v04n0203. PMID: 15014745; PMCID: PMC181226.
Q.
What are some effective ways to alleviate chest pain?
A.
Effective ways to alleviate chest pain usually involve resting, taking medications as prescribed, and making lifestyle changes based on what is causing the pain, but it is important to follow your doctor’s advice.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Chapman AR, Leslie SJ, Sage DK. New Guidelines for the Management of Chest Pain: Lessons From a Recent Audit in Tauranga, New Zealand. Cardiol Res. 2012 Feb;3(1):8-15. doi: 10.4021/cr116w. Epub 2012 Jan 20. PMID: 28357018; PMCID: PMC5358290.
Schey R, Villarreal A, Fass R. Noncardiac chest pain: current treatment. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2007 Apr;3(4):255-62. PMID: 21960837; PMCID: PMC3099272.
Q.
What are some methods to relieve chest pain caused by coughing?
A.
You can try methods such as cold application, cough suppressants or expectorants, over-the-counter pain medication, and treating any underlying conditions to ease chest pain caused by coughing.
References:
Levent Kıy B, Demiray A, Boran M. The effect of cold application on pain in patients with chest tubes before deep breathing and coughing exercises: A randomized controlled study. Heart Lung. 2022 Sep-Oct;55:102-107. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.04.014. Epub 2022 May 6. PMID: 35533490.
Dicpinigaitis PV, Gayle YE. Effect of guaifenesin on cough reflex sensitivity. Chest. 2003 Dec;124(6):2178-81. doi: 10.1378/chest.124.6.2178. PMID: 14665498.
Irwin RS, Madison JM. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough due to gastro-esophageal reflux disease and postnasal drip syndrome. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2002;15(3):261-6. doi: 10.1006/pupt.2002.0348. PMID: 12099775.
Q.
What are the possible causes of right side chest pain above the breast in females?
A.
In females, right side chest pain above the breast can come from chest wall issues like strained muscles or costochondritis, breast-related conditions including complications from implants, or lung and pleural problems.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Hardegree EL, Bell MR. 84-year-old woman with chest pain. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Jul;87(7):700-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.03.015. PMID: 22766089; PMCID: PMC3498388.
Azis KA, Al-Chalabi MMM, Mat Johar SFN, Wan Sulaiman WA. Atypical Chest Pain in a Patient With Breast Implant. Cureus. 2023 Apr 18;15(4):e37751. doi: 10.7759/cureus.37751. PMID: 37214021; PMCID: PMC10193515.
Q.
What conditions could cause a tight chest, dry cough, and shortness of breath?
A.
A tight chest, dry cough, and shortness of breath can be caused by several respiratory conditions like asthma, viral infections, or even a blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary embolism), among other issues.
References:
Marshall BG, White V, Loveridge J. Breathlessness and cough in the acute setting. Medicine (Abingdon). 2021 Feb;49(2):93-97. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.11.004. Epub 2020 Dec 17. PMID: 33867806; PMCID: PMC8035660.
Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children: Guidelines for the Management of Common Childhood Illnesses. 2nd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. 4, Cough or difficulty in breathing.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK154448/
Berliner D, Schneider N, Welte T, Bauersachs J. The Differential Diagnosis of Dyspnea. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2016 Dec 9;113(49):834-845. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0834. PMID: 28098068; PMCID: PMC5247680.
Q.
What could be causing chest pain on the right side under the breast?
A.
Chest pain on the right side under the breast can be caused by chest wall issues like costochondritis or muscle strain, or it may be related to breast tissue pain.
References:
Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
Hubbard TJ, Sharma A, Ferguson DJ. Breast pain: assessment, management, and referral criteria. Br J Gen Pract. 2020 Jul 30;70(697):419-420. doi: 10.3399/bjgp20X712133. PMID: 32732218; PMCID: PMC7384817.
Q.
What could be the cause of right side chest pain in women?
A.
Right side chest pain in women can be caused by issues with the chest wall muscles or cartilage, lung problems, or even digestive concerns.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Saha BK, Bonnier A, Chong WH, Chenna P. A 50-Year Old Woman With Recurrent Right-Sided Chest Pain. Chest. 2022 Feb;161(2):e85-e89. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.063. PMID: 35131078.
Albores J, Fishbein G, Bando J. A 34-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Right-Sided Chest Pain and Dyspnea. Chest. 2015 Nov;148(5):e148-e151. doi: 10.1378/chest.15-0813. PMID: 26527442.
Q.
What could be the reason for experiencing both chest and back pain?
A.
Chest and back pain can sometimes come from heart or lung problems, issues with your muscles or bones, or even from gastrointestinal conditions such as pancreatitis.
References:
Shiba H, Kenzaka T. Straight Back Syndrome Presented with Chest and Back Pain: A Case Report. Int Med Case Rep J. 2022 Oct 31;15:611-614. doi: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S385312. PMID: 36338542; PMCID: PMC9635548.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Duan F, Ji S, Gu G, Liu D, Cui W. Attack of angina pectoris with low back pain alone: a case report. J Int Med Res. 2023 Jul;51(7):3000605231187946. doi: 10.1177/03000605231187946. PMID: 37523148; PMCID: PMC10392560.
Q.
What might cause chest pain on the right side above the breast?
A.
Chest pain above the right breast can be caused by issues involving the chest wall or breast tissue, such as costochondritis, scapulothoracic bursitis, pleurisy, or even mastitis.
References:
Boneti C, Arentz C, Klimberg VS. Scapulothoracic bursitis as a significant cause of breast and chest wall pain: underrecognized and undertreated. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Oct;17 Suppl 3:321-4. doi: 10.1245/s10434-010-1232-8. Epub 2010 Sep 19. PMID: 20853053.
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. 2024 Apr 20. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30422526.
Hunter MP, Goldin J, Regunath H. Pleurisy. 2024 Nov 14. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 32644384.
Q.
What might cause left side chest pain when breathing?
A.
Left side chest pain when breathing can be caused by lung-related issues (like pleurisy), heart problems such as a heart attack, or chest wall (musculoskeletal) conditions.
References:
Updated 2023 Sep 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459269/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459269/
Brims FJ, Davies HE, Lee YC. Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):217-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.003. PMID: 20380952.
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Q.
What might cause the left side of my chest to hurt when I breathe?
A.
Left-sided chest pain when breathing is often due to inflammation or irritation of lung linings (pleurisy) or muscles and cartilage around the chest wall (such as costochondritis).
References:
Brims FJ, Davies HE, Lee YC. Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):217-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.003. PMID: 20380952.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Jany B. Pneumologische Ursachen für Thoraxschmerz [Pulmonary causes of chest pain]. Internist (Berl). 2017 Jan;58(1):22-28. German. doi: 10.1007/s00108-016-0169-9. PMID: 27986981.
Q.
What should I do if I experience left chest pain?
A.
If you experience left chest pain, pay close attention to your symptoms and seek immediate medical help if the pain is severe or accompanied by other concerning signs.
References:
Bhatt DL, Lopes RD, Harrington RA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Review. JAMA. 2022 Feb 15;327(7):662-675. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.0358. Erratum in: JAMA. 2022 May 03;327(17):1710. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.6185. PMID: 35166796.
Rushton S, Carman MJ. Chest Pain: If It Is Not the Heart, What Is It? Nurs Clin North Am. 2018 Sep;53(3):421-431. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 Jul 11. PMID: 30100007.
Naidoo P, Patel CJ. Stress, depression and left-sided psychogenic chest pain. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Jul;88(1):12-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03406.x. PMID: 8372690.
Q.
What should I do if my chest hurts when I breathe?
A.
If your chest hurts when you breathe, it’s important to get evaluated by a doctor—especially if the pain is severe, worsening, or accompanied by other symptoms.
References:
Brims FJ, Davies HE, Lee YC. Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):217-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.003. PMID: 20380952.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Jany B. Pneumologische Ursachen für Thoraxschmerz [Pulmonary causes of chest pain]. Internist (Berl). 2017 Jan;58(1):22-28. German. doi: 10.1007/s00108-016-0169-9. PMID: 27986981.
Q.
When should I seek medical attention for chest pain on the left side?
A.
You should seek medical attention for left side chest pain—especially if it's new, severe, or comes with other symptoms like difficulty breathing, pain spreading to your arm or jaw, sweating, or dizziness—since these could be signs of a heart attack.
References:
Pandie S, Hellenberg D, Hellig F, Ntsekhe M. Approach to chest pain and acute myocardial infarction. S Afr Med J. 2016 Mar;106(3):239-45. doi: 10.7196/samj.2016.v106i3.10323. PMID: 27303759.
McConaghy JR, Sharma M, Patel H. Acute Chest Pain in Adults: Outpatient Evaluation. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Dec 15;102(12):721-727. PMID: 33320506.
National Clinical Guidelines Centre (UK). Stable Angina: Methods, Evidence & Guidance [Internet]. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK); 2011 Jul. PMID: 22400139.
Q.
Why do I experience chest pain when lying on my left side?
A.
When you lie on your left side, extra pressure on the chest wall can make issues like costochondritis or muscle strain more noticeable, causing chest pain.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
Q.
Why do I feel chest pain when I cough?
A.
Chest pain when you cough can happen due to muscle or rib strain (sometimes even tiny rib fractures), lung conditions like bronchitis, or irritation of the lining around your lungs.
References:
De Maeseneer M, De Mey J, Debaere C, Meysman M, Osteaux M. Rib fractures induced by coughing: an unusual cause of acute chest pain. Am J Emerg Med. 2000 Mar;18(2):194-7. doi: 10.1016/s0735-6757(00)90019-6. PMID: 10750931.
Grabczak EM, Stec S, Dabrowska M, Plevkova J, Krenke R. Cough as a Cause and Consequence of Heart Dysfunction - Current State of Art. Physiol Res. 2020 Mar 27;69(Suppl 1):S105-S121. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934408. PMID: 32228016; PMCID: PMC8604064.
King PT, Holdsworth SR, Farmer M, Freezer NJ, Holmes PW. Chest pain and exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:1019-24. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S39280. Epub 2012 Dec 10. PMID: 23271921; PMCID: PMC3526875.
Q.
How can emotional stress lead to chest pain?
A.
Emotional stress can cause the heart to work harder and create muscle tension, leading to chest pain.
References:
Ramaraj R. Stress cardiomyopathy: aetiology and management. Postgrad Med J. 2007 Aug;83(982):543-6. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2007.058776. PMID: 17675548; PMCID: PMC2600114.
Vancheri F, Longo G, Vancheri E, Henein MY. Mental Stress and Cardiovascular Health-Part I. J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 10;11(12):3353. doi: 10.3390/jcm11123353. PMID: 35743423; PMCID: PMC9225328.
Mehta PK, Sharma A, Bremner JD, Vaccarino V. Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022 Dec;24(12):2109-2120. doi: 10.1007/s11886-022-01821-2. Epub 2022 Nov 2. PMID: 36322365; PMCID: PMC9628301.
Q.
How can exercise potentially cause chest pain?
A.
Exercise can cause chest pain by putting stress on the heart, lungs, and chest muscles.
References:
O'Keefe JH, Patil HR, Lavie CJ, Magalski A, Vogel RA, McCullough PA. Potential adverse cardiovascular effects from excessive endurance exercise. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Jun;87(6):587-95. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.005. Erratum in: Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Jul;87(7):704. PMID: 22677079; PMCID: PMC3538475.
Tshimanga P, Daron B, Farhat N, Desprechins B, Gewillig M, Seghaye MC. Exercise-Triggered Chest Pain as an Isolated Symptom of Myocarditis in Children. Clin Pract. 2016 Apr 26;6(2):843. doi: 10.4081/cp.2016.843. PMID: 27478581; PMCID: PMC4943101.
Budzyński J. Exercise-provoked esophageal motility disorder in patients with recurrent chest pain. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Sep 21;16(35):4428-35. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i35.4428. PMID: 20845510; PMCID: PMC2941066.
Q.
How can poor posture lead to chest pain?
A.
Yes, poor posture can contribute to chest pain.
References:
Wang H, Gao X, Shi Y, Wu D, Li C, Wang W. Effects of trunk posture on cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems: A pilot study. Front Physiol. 2022 Oct 18;13:1009806. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1009806. PMID: 36330208; PMCID: PMC9623330.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Gregory PL, Biswas AC, Batt ME. Musculoskeletal problems of the chest wall in athletes. Sports Med. 2002;32(4):235-50. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200232040-00003. PMID: 11929353.
Q.
What causes chest pain when breathing?
A.
Chest pain when breathing can be caused by a variety of conditions, ranging from musculoskeletal issues to serious respiratory or cardiovascular problems. Understanding the potential causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
References:
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Bösner S, Bönisch K, Haasenritter J, Schlegel P, Hüllermeier E, Donner-Banzhoff N. Chest pain in primary care: is the localization of pain diagnostically helpful in the critical evaluation of patients?--A cross sectional study. BMC Fam Pract. 2013 Oct 18;14:154. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-154. PMID: 24138299; PMCID: PMC3853238.
Berliner D, Schneider N, Welte T, Bauersachs J. The Differential Diagnosis of Dyspnea. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2016 Dec 9;113(49):834-845. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0834. PMID: 28098068; PMCID: PMC5247680.
Q.
What conditions can cause pain around the ribs?
A.
Pain around the ribs can have many different causes. The pain's location and characteristics often provide important clues about its underlying cause.
References:
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Scott EM, Scott BB. Painful rib syndrome--a review of 76 cases. Gut. 1993 Jul;34(7):1006-8. doi: 10.1136/gut.34.7.1006. PMID: 8344569; PMCID: PMC1374244.
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What could cause chest pain after taking pre-workout supplements?
A.
Pre-workout supplements may contain stimulants. These stimulants can cause chest pain by elevating heart rate and blood pressure, placing increased stress on the heart.
References:
Rodriguez Guerra MA, Urena Neme AP, Shaban M, Matos Noboa C, Trinh T. Pre-workout Induced Demand Ischemia. Cureus. 2023 Jan 12;15(1):e33694. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33694. PMID: 36793833; PMCID: PMC9925028.
Pallangyo P, Bhalia SV, Komba M, Mkojera ZS, Manji ES, Millinga J, Gandye Y, Kisenge PR. Acute myocardial infarction following "dry scooping" of a pre-workout supplement in a healthy young man of African origin: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2024 Jun 14;12:2050313X241261157. doi: 10.1177/2050313X241261157. PMID: 38881969; PMCID: PMC11179451.
de Jonge MLL, Kieviet LC, Sierts M, Egberink LB, van der Heyden MAG. Review of Case Reports on Adverse Events Related to Pre-workout Supplements Containing Synephrine. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2023 Jan;23(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s12012-022-09777-z. Epub 2023 Jan 13. PMID: 36639595; PMCID: PMC9859859.
Q.
What could cause pain around the rib cage on both sides?
A.
Pain around the rib cage on both sides can be caused by conditions affecting muscles, nerves, or nearby organs.
References:
Barranco-Trabi J, Mank V, Roberts J, Newman DP. Atypical Costochondritis: Complete Resolution of Symptoms After Rib Manipulation and Soft Tissue Mobilization. Cureus. 2021 Apr 8;13(4):e14369. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14369. PMID: 33976991; PMCID: PMC8106472.
Jung J, Lee M, Choi D. Twelfth rib syndrome: a case report. J Int Med Res. 2020 Sep;48(9):300060520952651. doi: 10.1177/0300060520952651. PMID: 32883133; PMCID: PMC7479855.
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What Is the Difference between Chest Pain and Chest Discomfort?
A.
Chest pain typically refers to an intense sensation, while chest discomfort describes a milder, vague feeling of tightness or pressure.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Rahman A. Chest pain. Aust J Gen Pract. 2024 Jul;53(7):437-442. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-04-23-6810. PMID: 38957056.
Hutter AM. Chest pain: how to distinguish between cardiac and noncardiac causes. Interview by Eric R. Leibovitch. Geriatrics. 1995 Sep;50(9):32-6, 39-40. PMID: 7672616.
Q.
What Might Cause a Heavy Feeling in the Chest?
A.
A heavy feeling in the chest may be caused by heart problems, breathing difficulties, anxiety, or strain of the chest muscles.
References:
Bass C, Mayou R. Chest pain. BMJ. 2002 Sep 14;325(7364):588-91. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7364.588. PMID: 12228139; PMCID: PMC1124107.
Wheatley CE. Hyperventilation syndrome: a frequent cause of chest pain. Chest. 1975 Aug;68(2):195-9. doi: 10.1378/chest.68.2.195. PMID: 1149547.
Haasenritter J, Biroga T, Keunecke C, Becker A, Donner-Banzhoff N, Dornieden K, Stadje R, Viniol A, Bösner S. Causes of chest pain in primary care--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croat Med J. 2015 Oct;56(5):422-30. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.422. PMID: 26526879; PMCID: PMC4655927.
Q.
What might cause intermittent tightness in my chest?
A.
Intermittent chest tightness has many potential causes including cardiac, respiratory, digestive, musculoskeletal, and psychological conditions.
References:
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Bennett J. ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Oesophagus: Atypical chest pain and motility disorders. BMJ. 2001 Oct 6;323(7316):791-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7316.791. PMID: 11588085; PMCID: PMC1121339.
Q.
What other conditions could cause chest pain besides heart issues?
A.
Many conditions unrelated to the heart can cause chest pain, including issues with the lungs, stomach, muscles, and even psychological factors like stress and anxiety.
References:
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Campbell KA, Madva EN, Villegas AC, Beale EE, Beach SR, Wasfy JH, Albanese AM, Huffman JC. Non-cardiac Chest Pain: A Review for the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatrist. Psychosomatics. 2017 May-Jun;58(3):252-265. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2016.12.003. Epub 2016 Dec 9. PMID: 28196622; PMCID: PMC5526698.
Q.
Could chest pain on the left side indicate a heart problem?
A.
Chest pain when taking a deep breath can be due to problems in the lungs or chest wall, such as inflammation of the lung lining, muscle or cartilage irritation, or even rare conditions like shrinking lung syndrome.
References:
Lu L, Liu M, Sun R, Zheng Y, Zhang P. Myocardial Infarction: Symptoms and Treatments. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015 Jul;72(3):865-7. doi: 10.1007/s12013-015-0553-4. PMID: 25638347.
Lowenstern A, Alexander KP, Pagidipati NJ, Hill CL, Pellikka PA, Cooper LS, Alhanti B, Hoffmann U, Mark DB, Douglas PS. Presenting Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Disease Evaluation: Association With Noninvasive Test Results and Clinical Outcomes in the PROMISE Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2022 May;15(5):e008298. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.121.008298. Epub 2022 Apr 4. PMID: 35369715; PMCID: PMC9117448.
Noory N, Westin O, Maurer MS, Fosbøl E, Gustafsson F. Chest pain and coronary artery disease in cardiac amyloidosis: Prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Am Heart J. 2025 Feb;280:52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.11.004. Epub 2024 Nov 15. PMID: 39549982.
Q.
How can anxiety cause a tight feeling in the chest?
A.
Anxiety can cause a tight feeling in the chest by making you breathe too quickly, increasing heart rate, and tensing your muscles, all of which create a sensation of constriction.
References:
Huffman JC, Pollack MH, Stern TA. Panic Disorder and Chest Pain: Mechanisms, Morbidity, and Management. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;4(2):54-62. doi: 10.4088/pcc.v04n0203. PMID: 15014745; PMCID: PMC181226.
White KS, Craft JM, Gervino EV. Anxiety and hypervigilance to cardiopulmonary sensations in non-cardiac chest pain patients with and without psychiatric disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2010 May;48(5):394-401. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.01.001. Epub 2010 Jan 11. PMID: 20110083; PMCID: PMC2862826.
de Heer EW, Palacios JE, Adèr HJ, van Marwijk HWJ, Tylee A, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM. Chest pain, depression and anxiety in coronary heart disease: Consequence or cause? A prospective clinical study in primary care. J Psychosom Res. 2020 Feb;129:109891. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109891. Epub 2019 Dec 10. PMID: 31865173.
Q.
How can fibromyalgia lead to chest pain and shortness of breath?
A.
Fibromyalgia can lead to chest pain and shortness of breath because it makes the muscles in your chest and body very sensitive and weak, which can change how you breathe and how your chest feels.
References:
Bordoni B, Escher AR. Motor Dysfunctions in Fibromyalgia Patients: The Importance of Breathing. Open Access Rheumatol. 2024 Mar 7;16:55-66. doi: 10.2147/OARRR.S442327. PMID: 38476512; PMCID: PMC10929242.
Kaltsas G, Tsiveriotis K. Fibromyalgia. [Updated 2023 Nov 9]. In: Feingold KR, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279092/
Forti M, Zamunér AR, Andrade CP, Silva E. Lung Function, Respiratory Muscle Strength, and Thoracoabdominal Mobility in Women With Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Respir Care. 2016 Oct;61(10):1384-90. doi: 10.4187/respcare.04401. Epub 2016 Apr 19. PMID: 27094397.
Q.
How can I describe what chest pains feel like?
A.
Chest pain can feel like pressure, squeezing, tightness, burning, or even stabbing sensations in your chest, and it might spread to your arm, neck, or back.
References:
Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Arora G, Bittner V. Chest pain characteristics and gender in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2015 Feb;17(2):5. doi: 10.1007/s11886-014-0557-5. PMID: 25618302.
Q.
How can tight chest muscles and rounded shoulders be related?
A.
Tight chest muscles can pull your shoulders forward, leading to a rounded-shoulder posture.
References:
Singla D, Veqar Z. Association Between Forward Head, Rounded Shoulders, and Increased Thoracic Kyphosis: A Review of the Literature. J Chiropr Med. 2017 Sep;16(3):220-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.03.004. Epub 2017 Sep 28. PMID: 29097952; PMCID: PMC5659804.
Wong CK, Coleman D, diPersia V, Song J, Wright D. The effects of manual treatment on rounded-shoulder posture, and associated muscle strength. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2010 Oct;14(4):326-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.05.001. Epub 2009 Jun 26. PMID: 20850039.
Gunaydin OE, Ertekin E, Gunaydin G. Four weeks of exercise regimen for sedentary workers with rounded shoulder posture: a randomized controlled study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2022 Sep 12;141(3):e2022257. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0257.R1.06072022. PMID: 36102464; PMCID: PMC10065112.
Q.
How is chest pain defined medically?
A.
Medically, chest pain is defined as any discomfort or pain felt anywhere between the neck and the upper abdomen. It can vary in quality—from pressure or squeezing to sharp or burning sensations.
References:
Haasenritter J, Biroga T, Keunecke C, Becker A, Donner-Banzhoff N, Dornieden K, Stadje R, Viniol A, Bösner S. Causes of chest pain in primary care--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croat Med J. 2015 Oct;56(5):422-30. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.422. PMID: 26526879; PMCID: PMC4655927.
Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
Fox KF. Investigation and management of chest pain. Heart. 2005 Jan;91(1):105-10. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2003.031062. PMID: 15604354; PMCID: PMC1768663.
Q.
How is pleuritic chest pain different from other types of chest pain?
A.
Pleuritic chest pain is different from other types because it usually worsens with breathing or movement, and it is typically sharp and well-localized.
References:
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Murata GH. Evaluating chest pain in the emergency department. West J Med. 1993 Jul;159(1):61-8. PMID: 8351907; PMCID: PMC1022160.
Kass SM, Williams PM, Reamy BV. Pleurisy. Am Fam Physician. 2007 May 1;75(9):1357-64. PMID: 17508531.
Q.
How long can chest pain from fibromyalgia last?
A.
Chest pain from fibromyalgia is often part of a long-lasting, chronic condition and can continue for months or even years with ups and downs in its intensity.
References:
Bhargava J, Goldin J. Fibromyalgia. [Updated 2025 Jan 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Almansa C, Wang B, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain and fibromyalgia. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):275-89. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.002. PMID: 20380956.
Pellegrino MJ. Atypical chest pain as an initial presentation of primary fibromyalgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Jun;71(7):526-8. PMID: 2350226.
Q.
In which areas is rib pain typically felt?
A.
Rib pain is usually felt along the side of the chest, near where the ribs are located. It can also be felt in the front or back around the rib cage.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560865/
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
Tulay CM, Yaldiz S, Bilge A. Do we really know the duration of pain after rib fracture? Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol. 2018 Sep;15(3):147-150. doi: 10.5114/kitp.2018.78437. Epub 2018 Sep 24. PMID: 30310391; PMCID: PMC6180016.
Q.
Is it normal to experience left side chest pain during early pregnancy?
A.
Mild chest pain during early pregnancy can sometimes happen due to normal body changes like muscle strain or acid reflux, but it is important to check with your doctor to rule out more serious causes.
References:
Neuberger F, Nelson-Piercy C. Acute presentation of the pregnant patient. Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Aug;15(4):372-6. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-4-372. PMID: 26407390; PMCID: PMC4952803.
Dichter E, Espinosa J, Baird J, Lucerna A. An unusual emergency department case: ruptured ectopic pregnancy presenting as chest pain. World J Emerg Med. 2017;8(1):71-73. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.01.014. PMID: 28123626; PMCID: PMC5263042.
Butcher CJ, Plymen CM, Walker F. Chest pain, breathlessness and ST elevation in a 21-weeks' pregnant woman: a diagnostic and management challenge. BMJ Case Rep. 2010 Dec 14;2010:bcr0320102853. doi: 10.1136/bcr.03.2010.2853. PMID: 22802274; PMCID: PMC3027832.
Q.
Is right side chest pain typically a sign of a serious condition?
A.
Right side chest pain is usually not as strongly linked to serious heart problems as left side chest pain, but it still needs to be checked by a healthcare provider to find out its cause.
References:
Beunderman R, Sramek M, Koster RW, Garssen B, van Dis H. Differentieel-diagnostische criteria bij cardiale klachten; pijn links of rechts op de borst? [Criteria for differential diagnosis in cardial symptoms; left- or right-sided chest pain?]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1990 Nov 17;134(46):2249-52. Dutch. PMID: 2255353.
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Warner M, Durrani M, Yerram V, Coppa A, Barra A. Diagnosis of Mondor's Disease in the Setting of Right-Sided Anterior Chest Wall Pain. Cureus. 2022 Nov 25;14(11):e31894. doi: 10.7759/cureus.31894. PMID: 36579201; PMCID: PMC9792301.
Q.
What are some ways to relieve a tight chest?
A.
Relieving a tight chest can involve using medications, doing breathing exercises, and practicing stress management techniques.
References:
Taniguchi H, Nakanishi Y, Tsuda T, Masaki Y, Furuse H, Suzuki K, Ishizawa S, Muto A, Shimizu M, Ichikawa T, Miyazawa H. Chest tightness is relieved with the use of asthma drugs except bronchodilators. J Asthma. 2019 Nov;56(11):1182-1192. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1531999. Epub 2018 Nov 14. PMID: 30426824.
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Fox KF. Investigation and management of chest pain. Heart. 2005 Jan;91(1):105-10. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2003.031062. PMID: 15604354; PMCID: PMC1768663.
Q.
What are the causes of nerve pain in the ribs?
A.
Nerve pain in the ribs can occur when the nerves that run between or near the ribs are irritated or compressed—this is often seen in conditions like intercostal neuralgia or slipping rib syndrome.
References:
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Gress K, Charipova K, Kassem H, Berger AA, Cornett EM, Hasoon J, Schwartz R, Kaye AD, Viswanath O, Urits I. A Comprehensive Review of Slipping Rib Syndrome: Treatment and Management. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2020 Oct 15;50(4 Suppl 1):189-196. PMID: 33633425; PMCID: PMC7901126.
Fliegel BE, Menezes RG. Anatomy, Thorax, Cervical Rib. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What are the common causes of rib pain?
A.
Rib pain is often caused by bruised, broken or fractured ribs from an injury, inflammation of the rib cartilage (costochondritis), or irritation of the nerves around the ribs.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541020/
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
Scott EM, Scott BB. Painful rib syndrome--a review of 76 cases. Gut. 1993 Jul;34(7):1006-8. doi: 10.1136/gut.34.7.1006. PMID: 8344569; PMCID: PMC1374244.
Q.
What are the most common causes of chest pain?
A.
The most common causes of chest pain include non-cardiac issues such as musculoskeletal problems (like muscle strain or costochondritis), gastrointestinal disorders (such as acid reflux), and pulmonary conditions, although heart-related causes also need to be considered.
References:
Haasenritter J, Biroga T, Keunecke C, Becker A, Donner-Banzhoff N, Dornieden K, Stadje R, Viniol A, Bösner S. Causes of chest pain in primary care--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croat Med J. 2015 Oct;56(5):422-30. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.422. PMID: 26526879; PMCID: PMC4655927.
Verdon F, Herzig L, Burnand B, Bischoff T, Pécoud A, Junod M, Mühlemann N, Favrat B; GMIRG. Chest pain in daily practice: occurrence, causes and management. Swiss Med Wkly. 2008 Jun 14;138(23-24):340-7. doi: 10.4414/smw.2008.12123. PMID: 18561039.
Lenfant C. Chest pain of cardiac and noncardiac origin. Metabolism. 2010 Oct;59 Suppl 1:S41-6. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.07.014. PMID: 20837193.
Q.
What are the possible causes of left side chest pain?
A.
Left side chest pain can stem from heart problems, lung issues, or even stress and emotional factors.
References:
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Naidoo P, Patel CJ. Stress, depression and left-sided psychogenic chest pain. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Jul;88(1):12-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03406.x. PMID: 8372690.
McConaghy JR, Sharma M, Patel H. Acute Chest Pain in Adults: Outpatient Evaluation. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Dec 15;102(12):721-727. PMID: 33320506.
Q.
What are the possible causes of radiating chest pain?
A.
Radiating chest pain can be due to heart problems like a heart attack, but it might also come from other areas such as nerves or muscles in the chest and nearby regions. It is important to see a doctor immediately if you are having this symptom.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Mechanic OJ, Gavin M, Grossman SA. Acute Myocardial Infarction. [Updated 2023 Sep 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Q.
What are the possible reasons for chest pain occurring only at night?
A.
Chest pain that occurs only at night may be due to acid reflux, musculoskeletal issues, changes in heart function during sleep, or even sleep-related breathing problems.
References:
Wouters LT, Zwart DL, Erkelens DC, Cheung NS, de Groot E, Damoiseaux RA, Hoes AW, Rutten FH. Chest discomfort at night and risk of acute coronary syndrome: cross-sectional study of telephone conversations. Fam Pract. 2020 Sep 5;37(4):473-478. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa005. PMID: 31996901; PMCID: PMC7474533.
Faramand Z, Frisch SO, Martin-Gill C, Landis P, Alrawashdeh M, Al-Robaidi KA, Callaway CW, Al-Zaiti SS. Diurnal, weekly and seasonal variations of chest pain in patients transported by emergency medical services. Emerg Med J. 2019 Oct;36(10):601-607. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2019-208529. Epub 2019 Jul 31. PMID: 31366626; PMCID: PMC7316529.
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Q.
What are the potential causes of sharp chest pain?
A.
Sharp chest pain can have many causes, ranging from chest wall issues like costochondritis and pleuritic pain from lung inflammation to more serious conditions like an acute aortic dissection.
References:
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Gawinecka J, Schönrath F, von Eckardstein A. Acute aortic dissection: pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnosis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017 Aug 25;147:w14489. doi: 10.4414/smw.2017.14489. PMID: 28871571.
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. 2024 Apr 20. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30422526.
Q.
What could be the cause of pain in the ribs on the right side?
A.
Pain in the right rib area can happen because the nerves between the ribs become irritated (intercostal neuralgia), the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone gets swollen (costochondritis), or because one or more ribs move out of place (painful rib syndrome).
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560865/
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
Kumar R, Ganghi R, Rana V, Bose M. The painful rib syndrome. Indian J Anaesth. 2013 May;57(3):311-3. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.115585. PMID: 23983300; PMCID: PMC3748696.
Q.
What could cause a tightening sensation in the chest?
A.
A tightening sensation in the chest can come from several causes, including asthma, acid reflux effects, muscle tension, or anxiety.
References:
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Constant J. The diagnosis of nonanginal chest pain. Keio J Med. 1990 Sep;39(3):187-92. doi: 10.2302/kjm.39.187. PMID: 2255129.
Q.
What could cause both stomach and chest pain at night?
A.
Both chest and stomach pain at night may be caused by issues such as acid reflux (GERD), esophageal muscle problems, or even conditions that mimic reflux symptoms like asthma.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Bennett J. ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Oesophagus: Atypical chest pain and motility disorders. BMJ. 2001 Oct 6;323(7316):791-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7316.791. PMID: 11588085; PMCID: PMC1121339.
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Q.
What could cause burping and left side chest pain?
A.
Burping and left side chest pain can be caused by heart problems like angina, but they may also come from issues with the esophagus or stomach, such as acid reflux.
References:
El-Shafie K. Belching as a presenting symptom of angina pectoris. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2007 Dec;7(3):257-9. PMID: 21748113; PMCID: PMC3074882.
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Bennett J. ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Oesophagus: Atypical chest pain and motility disorders. BMJ. 2001 Oct 6;323(7316):791-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7316.791. PMID: 11588085; PMCID: PMC1121339.
Q.
What could cause chest pain and sweating at night?
A.
Chest pain and sweating at night can be a sign of a heart problem or a lung issue, such as a pulmonary embolism.
References:
Feher A, Muhsin SA, Maw AM. Night Sweats as a Prominent Symptom of a Patient Presenting with Pulmonary Embolism. Case Rep Pulmonol. 2015;2015:841272. doi: 10.1155/2015/841272. Epub 2015 May 11. PMID: 26078907; PMCID: PMC4442258.
Herber-Gast G, Brown WJ, Mishra GD. Hot flushes and night sweats are associated with coronary heart disease risk in midlife: a longitudinal study. BJOG. 2015 Oct;122(11):1560-7. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13163. Epub 2014 Nov 7. PMID: 25377022.
Wuyts L, Pouillon M, Huyghe M, Ruyssers N, Goovaerts G, Spaepen M. Palpitations, headache and night sweats caused by a retroperitoneal mass: case report and short review. BJR Case Rep. 2017 Aug 2;3(4):20170035. doi: 10.1259/bjrcr.20170035. PMID: 30363222; PMCID: PMC6159177.
Q.
What could cause chest pain at night in children?
A.
In children, chest pain at night is usually not from a heart problem but can be linked to stress, anxiety, muscle strains, or a change in how their body regulates blood flow.
References:
Asnes RS, Santulli R, Bemporad JR. Psychogenic chest pain in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1981 Dec;20(12):788-91. doi: 10.1177/000992288102001206. PMID: 7307413.
Wang Y, Wang S, Zou R, Chen S, Li F, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang C. The Relationship Between Unexplained Chest Pain in Children and Head-Up Tilt Test. Front Pediatr. 2022 Jun 2;10:901919. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.901919. PMID: 35722475; PMCID: PMC9203148.
Chen L, Duan H, Li X, Yang Z, Jiao M, Sun K, Jin M. The Causes of Chest Pain in Children and the Criteria for Targeted Myocardial Enzyme Testing in Identifying the Causes of Chest Pain in Children. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Mar 2;8:582129. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.582129. PMID: 33738299; PMCID: PMC7960652.
Q.
What could cause chest pain at night specifically in women?
A.
In women, chest pain at night can be linked to heart issues that show up differently than in men, and it can also be related to sleep disturbances, stress, or other non-heart problems.
References:
Keteepe-Arachi T, Sharma S. Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Understanding Symptoms and Risk Factors. Eur Cardiol. 2017 Aug;12(1):10-13. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2016:32:1. PMID: 30416543; PMCID: PMC6206467.
Cole CS, McSweeney JC, Cleves MA, Armbya N, Bliwise DL, Pettey CM. Sleep disturbance in women before myocardial infarction. Heart Lung. 2012 Sep-Oct;41(5):438-45. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2012.05.007. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22770599; PMCID: PMC3432660.
Keteepe-Arachi T, Sharma S. Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Understanding Symptoms and Risk Factors. Eur Cardiol. 2017 Aug;12(1):10-13. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2016:32:1. PMID: 30416543; PMCID: PMC6206467.
Q.
What could cause chest pain on the left side when breathing?
A.
Chest pain on the left side when breathing is often caused by inflammation in the lining of the lungs (pleurisy), but it can also be related to heart problems, muscle strain, or rib injuries.
References:
Updated 2023 Sep 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459269/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459269/
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Updated 2024 Nov 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558958/
Q.
What could cause chest pain that comes and goes intermittently?
A.
Intermittent chest pain can be caused by non-cardiac issues like acid reflux or muscle strain, but it may also result from heart problems or nerve-related conditions.
References:
Phan A, Shufelt C, Merz CN. Persistent chest pain and no obstructive coronary artery disease. JAMA. 2009 Apr 8;301(14):1468-74. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.425. PMID: 19351944.
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Khan U, Robbins MS. Neurological Causes of Chest Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021 Mar 24;25(5):32. doi: 10.1007/s11916-021-00944-5. PMID: 33760994.
Q.
What could cause chest pain that radiates to the left arm?
A.
Chest pain that spreads to the left arm is most often linked to heart problems, especially a heart attack due to coronary artery disease. You should seek immediate medical care if you have this symptom.
References:
Ojha N, Dhamoon AS. Myocardial Infarction. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Q.
What could cause chest pain that radiates to the neck?
A.
Chest pain that radiates to the neck may be a sign of heart trouble, such as a heart attack, or it might come from neck or spinal issues like cervical angina.
References:
Harada T, Nakai M. Cervical Angina as a Cause of Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023 Mar 17;15(3):e36279. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36279. PMID: 37065290; PMCID: PMC10103829.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Q.
What could cause pain between the rib cage?
A.
Pain between the rib cage can be caused by problems like costochondritis, where the cartilage connecting your ribs becomes inflamed, or by intercostal neuralgia, which is nerve pain in the spaces between your ribs.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560865/
Barranco-Trabi J, Mank V, Roberts J, Newman DP. Atypical Costochondritis: Complete Resolution of Symptoms After Rib Manipulation and Soft Tissue Mobilization. Cureus. 2021 Apr 8;13(4):e14369. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14369. PMID: 33976991; PMCID: PMC8106472.
Q.
What could cause pain in the middle of the rib cage?
A.
Pain in the middle of the rib cage can be caused by inflammation in the rib joints (costochondritis), irritation of the nerves between the ribs (intercostal neuralgia), or by the rib slipping and pressing on nearby tissues.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560865/
Scott EM, Scott BB. Painful rib syndrome--a review of 76 cases. Gut. 1993 Jul;34(7):1006-8. doi: 10.1136/gut.34.7.1006. PMID: 8344569; PMCID: PMC1374244.
Q.
What could cause pain in the ribs on the left side?
A.
Pain in the ribs on the left side can be caused by several issues such as costochondritis, intercostal neuralgia, twelfth rib syndrome, or rib mediated non-cardiac chest pain.
References:
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Cranfield KA, Buist RJ, Nandi PR, Baranowski AP. The twelfth rib syndrome. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1997 Mar;13(3):172-5. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(96)00271-0. PMID: 9114637.
Q.
What could cause severe pain in the ribs?
A.
Severe rib pain might be caused by a broken rib, inflamed joint areas (costochondritis), or irritated nerves (intercostal neuralgia).
References:
Kuo K, Kim AM. Rib Fracture. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What could cause tightness in the chest on the left side?
A.
Tightness in the left chest can be caused by heart-related issues like angina, inflammation of the chest wall (costochondritis), or sometimes unusual conditions involving the digestive system.
References:
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Hermiz C, Sedhai YR. Angina. [Updated 2023 Jun 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557672/
Yagnik VD, Yagnik BD. An unusual cause of left-sided severe chest pain. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan-Feb;17(1):82-3. doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.74445. PMID: 21196662; PMCID: PMC3099091.
Q.
What does it mean when you feel tightness in your chest?
A.
Feeling tightness in your chest can be a sign that something is affecting your heart, breathing, or digestive system, and it’s important to have it checked if it worries you.
References:
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Constant J. The diagnosis of nonanginal chest pain. Keio J Med. 1990 Sep;39(3):187-92. doi: 10.2302/kjm.39.187. PMID: 2255129.
Q.
What exercises can help relieve a tight chest?
A.
Exercises like chest expansion, breathing techniques, and chest mobilization can help stretch your chest muscles and make it easier to breathe, which may relieve tightness in your chest.
References:
Kim CB, Yang JM, Choi JD. The effects of chest expansion resistance exercise on chest expansion and maximal respiratory pressure in elderly with inspiratory muscle weakness. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Apr;27(4):1121-4. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.1121. Epub 2015 Apr 30. PMID: 25995570; PMCID: PMC4433991.
Santino TA, Chaves GS, Freitas DA, Fregonezi GA, Mendonça KM. Breathing exercises for adults with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 25;3(3):CD001277. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001277.pub4. PMID: 32212422; PMCID: PMC7096190.
Park SJ, Lee JH, Min KO. Comparison of the effects of core stabilization and chest mobilization exercises on lung function and chest wall expansion in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Jul;29(7):1144-1147. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1144. Epub 2017 Jul 15. PMID: 28744034; PMCID: PMC5509578.
Q.
What might cause chest pain and nausea at night?
A.
Chest pain and nausea at night might be due to heart issues like reduced blood flow or a heart attack, but it can also be caused by acid reflux or other stomach problems.
References:
Patel SM, Gard JJ, Sinak LJ. 78-year-old man with nausea and chest pain. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 May;86(5):465-8. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0524. PMID: 21531888; PMCID: PMC3084649.
Wouters LT, Zwart DL, Erkelens DC, Cheung NS, de Groot E, Damoiseaux RA, Hoes AW, Rutten FH. Chest discomfort at night and risk of acute coronary syndrome: cross-sectional study of telephone conversations. Fam Pract. 2020 Sep 5;37(4):473-478. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa005. PMID: 31996901; PMCID: PMC7474533.
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Q.
What might cause chest pain directly over the heart?
A.
Chest pain directly over the heart can be due to heart-related problems such as a heart attack, angina, or inflammation of the heart’s lining.
References:
Updated 2023 Sep 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459269/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459269/
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Lenfant C. Chest pain of cardiac and noncardiac origin. Metabolism. 2010 Oct;59 Suppl 1:S41-6. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.07.014. PMID: 20837193.
Q.
What might cause chest pain on the left side above the breast?
A.
Chest pain above the left breast can be caused by problems with the muscles and cartilage (like costochondritis), veins under the skin (such as Mondor’s disease), or even heart-related issues like angina.
References:
Pipal DK, Pipal VR. Mondor's Disease: A Rare Cause of Chest Pain. Cureus. 2022 Feb 17;14(2):e22320. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22320. PMID: 35317031; PMCID: PMC8934013.
Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532931/
Malozzi C, Wenzel G, Karumbaiah K, Courtney M, Omar B. Chest pain associated with rate-related left bundle branch block and cardiac memory mimicking ischemia. J Cardiol Cases. 2013 Dec 12;9(3):87-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jccase.2013.10.008. PMID: 30534304; PMCID: PMC6277911.
Q.
What might cause chest pain on the right side of the chest?
A.
Right-side chest pain is most often due to non-heart issues such as lung or chest wall problems, including pleuritic pain, hyperventilation syndrome, or a condition like Mondor’s disease.
References:
Beunderman R, Sramek M, Koster RW, Garssen B, van Dis H. Differentieel-diagnostische criteria bij cardiale klachten; pijn links of rechts op de borst? [Criteria for differential diagnosis in cardial symptoms; left- or right-sided chest pain?]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1990 Nov 17;134(46):2249-52. Dutch. PMID: 2255353.
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Warner M, Durrani M, Yerram V, Coppa A, Barra A. Diagnosis of Mondor's Disease in the Setting of Right-Sided Anterior Chest Wall Pain. Cureus. 2022 Nov 25;14(11):e31894. doi: 10.7759/cureus.31894. PMID: 36579201; PMCID: PMC9792301.
Q.
What might cause chest pain that lasts all day?
A.
Chest pain that lasts all day can be caused by heart problems, or it could be due to problems with your stomach, muscles, or even stress.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Haasenritter J, Biroga T, Keunecke C, Becker A, Donner-Banzhoff N, Dornieden K, Stadje R, Viniol A, Bösner S. Causes of chest pain in primary care--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croat Med J. 2015 Oct;56(5):422-30. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.422. PMID: 26526879; PMCID: PMC4655927.
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Q.
What might cause chest pain that radiates to the right arm?
A.
Chest pain that radiates to the right arm can be a warning sign of a heart problem, such as a heart attack, but less commonly it might come from other causes like nerve or muscle issues. You should see a doctor immediately if you have this symptom.
References:
Mechanic OJ, Gavin M, Grossman SA. Acute Myocardial Infarction. [Updated 2023 Sep 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Berger JP, Buclin T, Haller E, Van Melle G, Yersin B. Right arm involvement and pain extension can help to differentiate coronary diseases from chest pain of other origin: a prospective emergency ward study of 278 consecutive patients admitted for chest pain. J Intern Med. 1990 Mar;227(3):165-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00138.x. PMID: 2313224.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
Q.
What might cause my chest to hurt when taking a deep breath?
A.
Chest pain when taking a deep breath can be due to problems in the lungs or chest wall, such as inflammation of the lung lining, muscle or cartilage irritation, or even rare conditions like shrinking lung syndrome.
References:
Shah K, Kondakindi H, Enabi J, Mukkera S. Shrinking Lung Syndrome: A Rare Pulmonary Complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Cureus. 2024 Jul 6;16(7):e63990. doi: 10.7759/cureus.63990. PMID: 39109103; PMCID: PMC11300187.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Barnett LA, Prior JA, Kadam UT, Jordan KP. Chest pain and shortness of breath in cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study in UK primary care. BMJ Open. 2017 May 25;7(5):e015857. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015857. PMID: 28550024; PMCID: PMC5726088.
Q.
What might cause pain in the left rib cage?
A.
Pain in the left rib cage can be caused by conditions such as costochondritis, intercostal neuralgia, or sometimes a rare tumor like a solitary plasmacytoma.
References:
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Yao J, He X, Wang CY, Hao L, Tan LL, Shen CJ, Hou MX. Solitary plasmacytoma of the left rib misdiagnosed as angina pectoris: A case report. World J Clin Cases. 2022 Jul 16;10(20):7037-7044. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i20.7037. PMID: 36051148; PMCID: PMC9297416.
Q.
What might cause pain in the middle of my chest when I breathe?
A.
The pain in the middle of your chest when you breathe can be due to respiratory conditions, such as pleurisy or even pneumomediastinum, or it might come from issues in the chest wall.
References:
Brims FJ, Davies HE, Lee YC. Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):217-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.003. PMID: 20380952.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Bass C, Mayou R. Chest pain. BMJ. 2002 Sep 14;325(7364):588-91. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7364.588. PMID: 12228139; PMCID: PMC1124107.
Q.
What might cause tight chest pain on the left side?
A.
Tight chest pain on the left side can be caused by heart-related issues like angina, lung problems such as pleurisy, or other non-cardiac conditions.
References:
Hunter MP, Goldin J, Regunath H. Pleurisy. [Updated 2024 Nov 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Hermiz C, Sedhai YR. Angina. [Updated 2023 Jun 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Q.
What should I do if I am having chest pain on the left side?
A.
If you are having chest pain on the left side, check for other serious symptoms and seek help immediately if the pain is severe or accompanied by signs of a heart attack.
References:
Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/
Fox KF. Investigation and management of chest pain. Heart. 2005 Jan;91(1):105-10. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2003.031062. PMID: 15604354; PMCID: PMC1768663.
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Q.
What should you do when your chest hurts?
A.
If your chest hurts, first check how you feel overall and whether there are any other serious symptoms, such as rapid onset fatigue, lightheadedness or nausea, and then get help from a doctor or emergency services if needed.
References:
Flook N, Unge P, Agréus L, Karlson BW, Nilsson S. Approach to managing undiagnosed chest pain: could gastroesophageal reflux disease be the cause? Can Fam Physician. 2007 Feb;53(2):261-6. Erratum in: Can Fam Physician. 2007 Jul;53(7):1148. PMID: 17872643; PMCID: PMC1949125.
Fox KF. Investigation and management of chest pain. Heart. 2005 Jan;91(1):105-10. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2003.031062. PMID: 15604354; PMCID: PMC1768663.
Inoue K, Minamino T. How to Approach Patients with Acute Chest Pain. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Aug 22;25(8):302. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2508302. PMID: 39228492; PMCID: PMC11366986.
Q.
What specific factors contribute to chest pain in women?
A.
The diverse causes of chest pain can present differently in women due to hormonal changes, smaller coronary arteries, and even how pain is perceived and expressed. These factors make chest pain in women sometimes appear different—often more subtle—than the classic symptoms seen in men.
References:
Olic JJ, Baessler A, Fischer M. Brustschmerz und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen bei Frauen : Diagnostik und Therapie [Chest pain and cardiovascular diseases in women : Diagnostics and treatment]. Herz. 2023 Dec;48(6):487-498. German. doi: 10.1007/s00059-023-05215-0. Epub 2023 Nov 6. PMID: 37930367.
Granot M, Goldstein-Ferber S, Azzam ZS. Gender differences in the perception of chest pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004 Feb;27(2):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.05.009. PMID: 15157039.
Collins P, Vitale C, Spoletini I, Barbaro G. Gender differences in the clinical presentation of heart disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(11):1056-8. doi: 10.2174/138161211795656927. PMID: 21449890.
Q.
When should I be concerned about pain in the right side of my chest?
A.
While right-sided chest pain is often less linked to heart problems, you should be concerned if the pain is severe, persistent, or comes with other worrisome symptoms like difficulty breathing, fever, or dizziness.
References:
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Albores J, Fishbein G, Bando J. A 34-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Right-Sided Chest Pain and Dyspnea. Chest. 2015 Nov;148(5):e148-e151. doi: 10.1378/chest.15-0813. PMID: 26527442.
Beunderman R, Sramek M, Koster RW, Garssen B, van Dis H. Differentieel-diagnostische criteria bij cardiale klachten; pijn links of rechts op de borst? [Criteria for differential diagnosis in cardial symptoms; left- or right-sided chest pain?]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1990 Nov 17;134(46):2249-52. Dutch. PMID: 2255353.
Q.
Why do I experience chest pain when I breathe?
A.
Chest pain when breathing can be due to conditions affecting your lungs or chest wall, such as inflammation of the lung lining (pleurisy) or musculoskeletal issues like costochondritis, and sometimes may be related to heart problems.
References:
Brims FJ, Davies HE, Lee YC. Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):217-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.003. PMID: 20380952.
Barnett LA, Prior JA, Kadam UT, Jordan KP. Chest pain and shortness of breath in cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study in UK primary care. BMJ Open. 2017 May 25;7(5):e015857. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015857. PMID: 28550024; PMCID: PMC5726088.
Jany B. Pneumologische Ursachen für Thoraxschmerz [Pulmonary causes of chest pain]. Internist (Berl). 2017 Jan;58(1):22-28. German. doi: 10.1007/s00108-016-0169-9. PMID: 27986981.
Q.
Why do I experience chest pain while sleeping on my left side?
A.
Lying on your left side may change the way your heart, lungs, and stomach are positioned, sometimes causing chest pain due to pressure, reflux, or other noncardiac issues.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Constant J. The diagnosis of nonanginal chest pain. Keio J Med. 1990 Sep;39(3):187-92. doi: 10.2302/kjm.39.187. PMID: 2255129.
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Q.
Why do I experience left side chest pain when coughing?
A.
Coughing can strain the muscles and joints in your chest, causing pain on the left side, and it may be made worse by underlying lung issues like bronchiectasis or COPD.
References:
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
King PT, Holdsworth SR, Farmer M, Freezer NJ, Holmes PW. Chest pain and exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:1019-24. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S39280. Epub 2012 Dec 10. PMID: 23271921; PMCID: PMC3526875.
Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B, Castagna R. Chest pain in patients with COPD: the fascia's subtle silence. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018 Apr 12;13:1157-1165. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S156729. PMID: 29695899; PMCID: PMC5903840.
Q.
Why might I still experience chest pain after having a stent placed?
A.
Even after having a stent placed, you might still feel chest pain due to factors such as narrowing in other parts of your heart, the stented area becoming narrow again, or other heart or non-heart issues. Talk to a doctor soon if you're still having chest pain.
References:
Versaci F, Gaspardone A, Tomai F, Proietti I, Crea F, Chiariello L, Gioffrè PA. Chest pain after coronary artery stent implantation. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Mar 1;89(5):500-4. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02287-1. PMID: 11867031.
Jeremias A, Kutscher S, Haude M, Heinen D, Baumgart D, Herrmann J, Erbel R. Chest pain after coronary interventional procedures. Incidence and pathophysiology. Herz. 1999 Apr;24(2):126-31. doi: 10.1007/BF03043851. PMID: 10372298.
Izzo P, Macchi A, De Gennaro L, Gaglione A, Di Biase M, Brunetti ND. Recurrent angina after coronary angioplasty: mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic options. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2012 Jun;1(2):158-69. doi: 10.1177/2048872612449111. PMID: 24062904; PMCID: PMC3760523.
Q.
Why might I still have chest pain even if my echocardiogram is normal?
A.
Even with a normal echocardiogram, chest pain can be caused by non-cardiac issues like gastrointestinal reflux, muscle or nerve problems, or stress and anxiety.
References:
Chow BJW, Galiwango P, Poulin A, Raggi P, Small G, Juneau D, Kazmi M, Ayach B, Beanlands RS, Sanfilippo AJ, Chow CM, Paterson DI, Chetrit M, Jassal DS, Connelly K, Larose E, Bishop H, Kass M, Anderson TJ, Haddad H, Mancini J, Doucet K, Daigle JS, Ahmadi A, Leipsic J, Lim SP, McRae A, Chou AY. Chest Pain Evaluation: Diagnostic Testing. CJC Open. 2023 Sep 7;5(12):891-903. doi: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.09.001. PMID: 38204849; PMCID: PMC10774086.
Spalding L, Reay E, Kelly C. Cause and outcome of atypical chest pain in patients admitted to hospital. J R Soc Med. 2003 Mar;96(3):122-5. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.96.3.122. PMID: 12612112; PMCID: PMC539418.
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Q.
Can a sedentary lifestyle lead to chest pain?
A.
Yes, a sedentary lifestyle—characterized by limited physical activity—can contribute to many health problems, including heart conditions that cause chest pain.
References:
Park JH, Moon JH, Kim HJ, Kong MH, Oh YH. Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evidence of Potential Health Risks. Korean J Fam Med. 2020 Nov;41(6):365-373. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0165. Epub 2020 Nov 19. PMID: 33242381; PMCID: PMC7700832.
Ghodeshwar GK, Dube A, Khobragade D. Impact of Lifestyle Modifications on Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Cureus. 2023 Jul 28;15(7):e42616. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42616. PMID: 37641769; PMCID: PMC10460604.
Lavie CJ, Ozemek C, Carbone S, Katzmarzyk PT, Blair SN. Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Circ Res. 2019 Mar;124(5):799-815. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312669. PMID: 30817262.
Q.
How can gas lead to chest pain?
A.
Gas trapped in your stomach or intestines can cause chest pain by creating pressure and discomfort in your chest area.
References:
Gesualdo M, Scicchitano P, Carbonara S, Ricci G, Principi M, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Cortese F, Ciccone MM. The association between cardiac and gastrointestinal disorders: causal or casual link? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2016 May;17(5):330-8. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000351. PMID: 26702598.
Richter JE. Chest pain and gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2000 Apr;30(3 Suppl):S39-41. PMID: 10777171.
Liu Y, He S, Chen Y, Xu J, Tang C, Tang Y, Luo G. Acid reflux in patients with coronary artery disease and refractory chest pain. Intern Med. 2013;52(11):1165-71. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.0031. PMID: 23728549.
Q.
How does radiating pain present during a heart attack?
A.
During a heart attack, pain typically begins in the center of the chest and can radiate to the left arm, shoulder, back, neck, or jaw.
References:
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Ojha N, Dhamoon AS. Myocardial Infarction. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Mechanic OJ, Gavin M, Grossman SA. Acute Myocardial Infarction. [Updated 2023 Sep 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What are the causes of non-radiating chest pain?
A.
Non-radiating chest pain remains confined to one area and can stem from both cardiac and non-cardiac causes.
References:
Fass R, Achem SR. Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Apr;17(2):110-23. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.110. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21602987; PMCID: PMC3093002.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Frieling T. Non-Cardiac Chest Pain. Visc Med. 2018 Apr;34(2):92-96. doi: 10.1159/000486440. Epub 2018 Apr 12. PMID: 29888236; PMCID: PMC5981583.
Q.
What are the common causes of pain in the rib cage?
A.
Common causes of rib cage pain include muscle pain and inflammation, irritated nerves between the ribs, or medical conditions affecting organs near the rib cage.
References:
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Newman DP, Jansen BJ, Scozzafava A, Smith R, Mclean BC. Rib Mediated Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: A Case Report. Cureus. 2020 Oct 6;12(10):e10831. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10831. PMID: 33173637; PMCID: PMC7645301.
Q.
What are the common causes of radiating pain in the chest?
A.
Radiating chest pain can stem from heart conditions such as heart attacks or angina, although musculoskeletal problems and nerve disorders can also cause pain to spread.
References:
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Q.
What are the possible causes for my ribs to hurt?
A.
Rib pain is most commonly caused by musculoskeletal issues. That being said, conditions affecting nearby organs may be felt as rib pain.
References:
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Kuo K, Kim AM. Rib Fracture. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Kumar R, Ganghi R, Rana V, Bose M. The painful rib syndrome. Indian J Anaesth. 2013 May;57(3):311-3. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.115585. PMID: 23983300; PMCID: PMC3748696.
Q.
What could be causing my chest to feel tight for several days?
A.
Chest tightness lasting several days can stem from multiple causes, such as muscle or chest wall problems, digestive system issues, or lung conditions like asthma.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Q.
What could be the cause of pain around the rib cage on the left side?
A.
Pain around the left rib cage can relate to conditions like costochondritis, intercostal neuralgia, or others.
References:
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Kumar R, Ganghi R, Rana V, Bose M. The painful rib syndrome. Indian J Anaesth. 2013 May;57(3):311-3. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.115585. PMID: 23983300; PMCID: PMC3748696.
Q.
What could cause my chest to randomly feel tight?
A.
Chest tightness that occurs randomly can be caused by anxiety, panic attacks, muscle strain, breathing problems, or GI issues. Random symptoms are less likely to be related to the heart.
References:
Huffman JC, Pollack MH, Stern TA. Panic Disorder and Chest Pain: Mechanisms, Morbidity, and Management. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;4(2):54-62. doi: 10.4088/pcc.v04n0203. PMID: 15014745; PMCID: PMC181226.
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
Q.
What could cause my chest to tighten up?
A.
A tight chest can be caused by various conditions, including breathing difficulties (such as asthma), anxiety or panic attacks, acid reflux, and heart conditions.
References:
Fasolka BJ, Chen LL. An Uncommon Cause of Chest Pain: Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2020 Jan/Mar;43(1):9-13. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000287. PMID: 31789874; PMCID: PMC9171787.
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Brims FJ, Davies HE, Lee YC. Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):217-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.003. PMID: 20380952.
Q.
What could cause pain around the rib cage and back?
A.
Pain around the rib cage and back may stem from conditions such as costochondritis, intercostal neuralgia, and other causes.
References:
Jung J, Lee M, Choi D. Twelfth rib syndrome: a case report. J Int Med Res. 2020 Sep;48(9):300060520952651. doi: 10.1177/0300060520952651. PMID: 32883133; PMCID: PMC7479855.
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What could cause pain in the rib cage under the left breast?
A.
Pain in the rib cage under the left breast may signal heart problems. However, the pain could also stem from several non-heart-related causes, including musculoskeletal issues, nerve irritation, or problems with nearby organs.
References:
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Newman DP, Jansen BJ, Scozzafava A, Smith R, Mclean BC. Rib Mediated Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: A Case Report. Cureus. 2020 Oct 6;12(10):e10831. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10831. PMID: 33173637; PMCID: PMC7645301.
Q.
What could cause pain near the rib cage on the left side?
A.
Pain near the left rib cage can be caused by conditions such as costochondritis, intercostal neuralgia, and other issues.
References:
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Kumar R, Ganghi R, Rana V, Bose M. The painful rib syndrome. Indian J Anaesth. 2013 May;57(3):311-3. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.115585. PMID: 23983300; PMCID: PMC3748696.
Q.
What could cause pain that wraps around the rib cage?
A.
Common causes of pain that wraps around the rib cage can be caused by nerve conditions such as intercostal neuralgia, joint inflammation like costochondritis, or problems with the spine.
References:
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Scott EM, Scott BB. Painful rib syndrome--a review of 76 cases. Gut. 1993 Jul;34(7):1006-8. doi: 10.1136/gut.34.7.1006. PMID: 8344569; PMCID: PMC1374244.
Q.
What could cause tightness in the chest upon waking up?
A.
Chest tightness upon waking can be caused by breathing conditions such as asthma or COPD, as well as acid reflux.
References:
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Roche N, Chavannes NH, Miravitlles M. COPD symptoms in the morning: impact, evaluation and management. Respir Res. 2013 Oct 21;14(1):112. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-112. PMID: 24143997; PMCID: PMC3816156.
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Q.
What could it mean if your chest suddenly tightens up?
A.
Sudden chest tightness may be related to several factors, including heart problems, muscle tension, digestive issues, and respiratory conditions. Anxiety is another potential cause of chest tightness.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Zhang JX, Zhan XB, Bai C, Li Q. Belching, regurgitation, chest tightness and dyspnea: not gastroesophageal reflux disease but asthma. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1680-3. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1680. PMID: 25663791; PMCID: PMC4316114.
Q.
What might cause chest pain that radiates down the right arm?
A.
Chest pain radiating down the right arm may indicate a heart problem like a heart attack, though it can also stem from muscle strain or nerve issues.
References:
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. Chest Pain. [Updated 2022 Dec 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Ojha N, Dhamoon AS. Myocardial Infarction. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What might cause chest pain that radiates to the shoulder?
A.
Chest pain radiating to the shoulder may indicate heart problems, such as a heart attack, though many non-cardiac conditions can also cause chest pain.
References:
Malik MA, Alam Khan S, Safdar S, Taseer IU. Chest Pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;29(2):565-8. doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921. PMID: 24353577; PMCID: PMC3809224.
Hickam DH. Chest Pain or Discomfort. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK416/
Storari L, Barbari V, Brindisino F, Testa M, Filippo M. An unusual presentation of acute myocardial infarction in physiotherapy direct access: findings from a case report. Arch Physiother. 2021 Feb 15;11(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s40945-021-00099-x. PMID: 33583432; PMCID: PMC7883431.
Q.
What might cause pain around the rib cage both in the front and back?
A.
Pain around the rib cage both in the front and back is commonly caused by muscle strain or injury but can also be related to inflammation of the cartilage, conditions affecting the nerves that run along the ribs, or problems affecting the organs near the rib cage .
References:
Scott EM, Scott BB. Painful rib syndrome--a review of 76 cases. Gut. 1993 Jul;34(7):1006-8. doi: 10.1136/gut.34.7.1006. PMID: 8344569; PMCID: PMC1374244.
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Schumann JA, Sood T, Parente JJ. Costochondritis. [Updated 2024 Apr 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What treatments are available for middle back pain around the rib cage?
A.
Treatment options for middle back pain around the rib cage depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, physical therapy, and manual therapy techniques.
References:
Fazekas D, Doroshenko M, Horn DB. Intercostal Neuralgia. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Casiano VE, Sarwan G, Dydyk AM, et al. Back Pain. [Updated 2023 Dec 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Strunce JB, Walker MJ, Boyles RE, Young BA. The immediate effects of thoracic spine and rib manipulation on subjects with primary complaints of shoulder pain. J Man Manip Ther. 2009;17(4):230-6. doi: 10.1179/106698109791352102. PMID: 20140154; PMCID: PMC2813499.
Q.
Does the cause of pain change depending on whether it's the left or right side of the chest?
A.
The cause of chest pain can indeed vary depending on whether it is felt on the left or right side of the chest. Understanding the potential differences in causes is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
References:
Beunderman R, Sramek M, Koster RW, Garssen B, van Dis H. Differentieel-diagnostische criteria bij cardiale klachten; pijn links of rechts op de borst? [Criteria for differential diagnosis in cardial symptoms; left- or right-sided chest pain?]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1990 Nov 17;134(46):2249-52. Dutch. PMID: 2255353.
Bösner S, Bönisch K, Haasenritter J, Schlegel P, Hüllermeier E, Donner-Banzhoff N. Chest pain in primary care: is the localization of pain diagnostically helpful in the critical evaluation of patients?--A cross sectional study. BMC Fam Pract. 2013 Oct 18;14:154. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-154. PMID: 24138299; PMCID: PMC3853238.
Q.
Why does my chest hurt when I breathe? Can muscle pain cause this discomfort when breathing in?
A.
Chest pain when breathing can be caused by various factors, including muscle pain, respiratory issues, or other underlying conditions. Muscle pain, particularly from the chest wall or intercostal muscles, can indeed cause discomfort when taking deep breaths or coughing.
References:
Reamy BV, Williams PM, Odom MR. Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):306-312. PMID: 28925655.
Brims FJ, Davies HE, Lee YC. Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):217-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.003. PMID: 20380952.
Barnett LA, Prior JA, Kadam UT, Jordan KP. Chest pain and shortness of breath in cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study in UK primary care. BMJ Open. 2017 May 25;7(5):e015857. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015857. PMID: 28550024; PMCID: PMC5726088.
Q.
Why do I have pain in the middle of my chest?
A.
Pain in the middle of the chest can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from benign conditions to serious medical issues. It is important to evaluate the symptoms carefully and seek medical attention if the pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
References:
Haasenritter J, Biroga T, Keunecke C, Becker A, Donner-Banzhoff N, Dornieden K, Stadje R, Viniol A, Bösner S. Causes of chest pain in primary care--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croat Med J. 2015 Oct;56(5):422-30. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.422. PMID: 26526879; PMCID: PMC4655927.
Cayley WE Jr. Diagnosing the cause of chest pain. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Nov 15;72(10):2012-21. PMID: 16342831.
Yelland M, Cayley WE Jr, Vach W. An algorithm for the diagnosis and management of chest pain in primary care. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;94(2):349-74. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.011. PMID: 20380960.
Q.
Is it possible to experience chest pain when I have a COVID infection?
A.
Pain in the chest can occur from COVID infection for a variety of reasons like musculoskeletal pain associated with fever and cough, pneumonia or inflammation of the heart.
References:
Sinkeldam M, Buenen AG, Celiker E, van Diepen M, de Vos AM. Characteristics of chest pain in COVID-19 patients in the emergency department. Neth Heart J. 2022 Nov;30(11):526-532. doi: 10.1007/s12471-022-01730-7. Epub 2022 Oct 21. PMID: 36269453; PMCID: PMC9589604.
Becker RC. Evaluating chest pain in patients with post COVID conditions permission to think outside of the box. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2023 May;55(4):592-603. doi: 10.1007/s11239-023-02808-8. Epub 2023 Apr 13. PMID: 37052772; PMCID: PMC10098243.
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